JOHORE
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and a mosque.
A steam saw-mill, owned by Chinese, does a good business. A plentiful supply of water, by means of pipes from a stream in the hills about 12 miles distant, has been provided since March, 1890. Good roads are being made, and public works, such as the construction of waterworks and bridges and the establishment of an electric light and power station at Johore Bahru, are receiving a good deal of attention. The Public Works Department spent $1,437,538 in 1914.
The population of the State at the census in 1911 was ascertained to be 180,412, of whom 161 were British, 71,315 Malays, 63,405 Chinese, 30,904 Javanese, and 5,659 Indians. The Chinese are chiefly found as cultivators of gambier and pepper, and are spread over the range of country in the extreme southern end of the peninsula, nearest to Singapore. Appended is a comparison of the exports and imports for the past two years :--
Imports Exports
Total.......
1913 $ 9,304,709 14,212,850
.$23,517,359
1914
$ 8,692,734 16,535,450
€25,228,184
European pioneers have, in the last few years, taken up large areas for planting, chiefly rubber and coconuts. Gambier, pepper and tapioca cultivation is on the decline. The area under rubber at the end of 1914 was over 120,000 acres, and the export of rubber in that year amounted to 5,270 tons, against 2,830 tons in 1913. The total area leased for rubber is 344,203 acres, and a remarkable feature of the rubber industry in this State is the large amount of land taken up by Japanese, over 111,000 acres. Japanese-owned rubber estates planted an additional 6,300 acres in 1914.
At the present time the principal exports of Johore are the carefully cultivated rubber, copra, gambier, pepper and sago, and the natural products of timber, rattans and damar. For almost all such produce Singapore is the port of shipment.
The only mineral in which the country is really rich is iron. It is nowhere worked, but is found almost everywhere. Deposits of tin are known in several places and gold in one or two spots. A little tin is worked at Seluang, but no considerable muining is actually carried on, unless the islands of the Carimons be included. now politically separated from Johore, these islands are geologically part of it, and were Though formerly a dependency of the kingdom.
DIRECTORY
Sovereign Ruler-His Highness IBRAHIM, Sultan of the State and Territory of Johore, K.C.M.G., Sovereign of the Most Esteemed Darjah Krabat (Family Order, and the Most Honourable Darjah Mahakota Johore (Order of the Crown of Johore), First Class Osmanieh Order. Born 17th Sept., 1873. Proclaimed 7th Sept., 1895. Private Secretary-H. Md. Said
Aide-de-Camp—A Military Officer
Extra
do. --A Volunteer Officer
COUNCIL OF STATE
The Dato Mentri Besar, D.K., S.P.M.J., C.M.G., President
The Dato Mohamed B. Mahbob, D.K., S.P.M.J., C.M.G., Vice-President
SECRETARIAT
The Mentri Besar-Dato Jaffar
Deputy Mentri Besar-Dato Mohamed General Adviser-D. G. Campbell Deputy State Secretary-Dato Ismail Auditor-Dato Md. Hassan
English Translator-Inchi Abdul Rahim
bin Mohamed
AUDIT OFFICE
State Auditor-Genl.-D.M. Hassan,S.P.M.J.
ECCLESIASTICAL DEPT.
President-Ungki Hadji Ali Secretary-Hadji Ismail bin H. Sulieman
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
English Education Officer-H. H. Morri-
son, M.A., LL.B. (Cantab.)
English Day School-F. M. H. Holman,
B.A. (Cantab.), master-in-charge English School, Muar-H. Mortimer, B.A.
(London), master-in-charge
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