MALACCA-FEDERATED MALAY STATES
G. T. Goundry, estate manager M. A. Sukumaran, chief clerk
WILSON, W. D., Chemist-10, Riverside;
Teleph. 70
W. D. Wilson, sole proprietor
C. J. Bateman, medical practitioner
1307
WOMEN'S MISSION HOSPITAL AND DISPEN- SARY AND MATERNITY TRAINING SCHOOL. (Church of England)-798, Tranquerah
Miss Elsie Warren, M.B., B.S. (London),
physician-in-charge
Miss Satchell, acting secretary
FEDERATED MALAY STATES
The Protected States comprise four Residencies, namely, Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang. These have been federated, the federation taking effect from the 1st July, 1896, and the administration is presided over by a British Öfficer styled the Chief Secretary, who is subject to the High Commissioner to the Malay States, who is also Governor of the Straits Settlements. Each State has its own Resident and the native rulers retain their titles and dignity. The Federal Offices are at Kuala Lumpur, Selangor. The Federal Council was inaugurated on 10th December, 1909.
The record of these States is one of progress and prosperity. The revenue for 1914 was $37,309,943 (£4,352,827), and the expenditure $55,010,037 (£6,417,837). Included in the expenditure is the item £1,142,689 for Miscellaneous services, largely made up of instalments for the battleship Malaya, presented to the British Navy by the F.M.S. The assets on December 31, 1914, stood at $42,539,883 (£4,962,987). These States have 822 miles of railway in the Malay Peninsula (paid for out of current revenue), yielding good income; they have 2,435 miles of roads; and over 2,100 miles of telegraphs. Waterworks, wharves, hospitals, prisons, schools, and many other public buildings have been constructed, while the Government of Perak has carried out an important scheme of irrigation which will benefit about 60,000 acres of land and cost about $200,000. The principal sources of revenue and prosperity are the alluvial tin deposits, which, at the present price of the metal, can be worked at considerable profit. Tin has been worked in the Malay Peninsula for centuries, and it is believed it will still be produced there centuries hence. The industry has grown of recent years to very large proportions, but it would take a long time to work out the alluvial deposits in the lands already alienated, and these comprise but a fraction of the unexplored lands which still remain, where there is every reason to believe the mineral will be found in payable quantities. This only applies to alluvial deposits. No one can guess what are the reserves of ore in underground rock forma- tions, as at Kwantan in Pahang, Slim in Perak, and Jelebu in the Negri Sembilan.
The annual export of tin from these States is valued at over $60,000,000.
As a matter of fact, the value of 823,909 piculs exported in 1914 was $60,507,900 against 842,129 piculs valued $83,850,837 in 1913. The Government has not overlooked the fact that in the export of tin its capital is being reduced, and it has made an effort to supply another and more useful investment by the construction of railways, with part at least of the revenue.
Since British protection the royalty on tin has yielded a total of over $150,000,000, and the Federated States have in the same time expended over $80,000,000 in the construction or purchase of railways. The profits give a return of about 4 per cent. on the capital expended.
Planting enterprise in the Federated Malay States for many years had not proved very successful, but the introduction of rubber cultivation has completely transformed the agricultural prospects of the country. The total area now in possession is 830,678 acres, of which 433,324 acres were under cultivation for rubber at the end of 1913. About 30,697 tons of rubber were exported from these States in 1914, valued at $54,525,965 (£6,361,362) against 23,465 tons in 1913 valued at £6,610,795. Sugar has practically gone out of cultivation. Over 157,000 acres of land are under coconuts, for which the soil and climate of these States are peculiarly well suited; and the cultivation of rice is only a question of irrigation and labour. In 1914, 243,589 piculs of copra, valued at $2,473,243, were exported, against 156,033 piculs, valued at $1,808,913, in 1913. The success of every form of agriculture and of all the efforts of the Government to develop the country by means of railways, irrigation, and other great public works, depends upon an adequate supply of labour. As regards Indian labour, the Govern-
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