799
SHANGHAI
POPULATION
The Foreign population increased rapidly up to 1865, but declined considerably during the next ten years. The census of 1865 gave the number of Foreign residents in the three Settlements as 2,757, army and navy (British) 1,851, shipping 981, a total of 5,589. In 1870, the total in the Anglo-American Settlement was 1,666; in 1876, 1,673 ; in 1880, 2,197; in 1885, 3,673; in 1890, 3,821; in 1895, 4,684; in 1900, 7,396; in 1905, 11,497. By the census of 15th October, 1910, there were in both Settlements a total of 15,012 foreigners; 1,356 in the British Settlement, now called Central District, 8,658 in Hongkew, now Northern and Eastern Districts, 3,522 in Western Dis- trict, Outside Roads and Pootung, and 1,476 in the French Settlement, an increase of 21.74 per cent. luring the latter five years, against 45 per cent. during the previous five. When the last census was taken in October, 1915, the number of foreigners in the two Settlements had grown to 20,924; 18,519 in the International. Settlement and 2,405 in the French Concession. The fluctuations in the foreign popula- tion have been very remarkable. Between 1870 and 1880 the number of adult males decreased, while in the next five years it increased by over fifty per cent. In the nine years, 1876 to 1885, the whole foreign population more than doubled, but in the next five years it showed an increase of only 148, of whom 144 were children. There are more than thirty nations and peoples represented in Shanghai, and of these only five show decrease since the census of 1910. All other nations show gains, from such small gains as two each for Bulgaria and Montenegro, to a gain of 3,921 for Japan. The proportion of the different nationalities in all the Settlements in 1915 was as follows, the figures at the time of the 1910 census being given within parenthesis:- Japanese, 7,169 (3,361); British, 4,822 (4,465); Portuguese, 1,323 (1,495); American, 1,307 (40); German, 1,155 (811); Russian, 361 (317); French, 244 (330); Spanish, 181 (140); Danish, 145 (113); Austro-Hungarian, 123 (102); Italian, 114 (124); Indians, 1,009 (804); other nationalities, 566 (534). The proportion of the different nationalities in the French Settlement are given as follows: French 364, British 699, Japanese 141, Portuguese 29,. German 270, Indian 18, American 141, Russian 41, Spanish 4, Italian 55, Danish 33, Austrian 27, Belgian 32, Norwegian 27, Swedish 10, Swiss 35, Greeks 7, Dutch 23, Tonkinese 259, Eurasians 104. The total French population is now 608 as compared with 766 in 1910. The French population of the Concession alone should be about 700, and the decrease would seem to indicate that about 400 of Shanghai's French citizens have left for the war. That the British population increased by only 731 (from 4,790 to 5,521) between 1910 and 1915, may readily be accounted for it by the fact that well over 500 went home to join the colours." The five leading nations represented in Shanghai are now Japanese 7,387, British 5,521, American 1,448, German 1,425, Portuguese 1,352. In 1890 there were only 386 Japanese in the International Settlement,. and in 1900 736, having doubled in that decade. In the past ten years the Japanese have more thaa trebled. In the International Settlement the proportion of males to females (including children) is about as 10 to 8 among the foreigners, while in the French Concession the sexes are more equally divided. Taken as a whole Shanghai has 11,691 males and 9,233 females. In 1890 the proportion of males to females was as two to one. In the Settlement there are (1915) 10,430 males and 8,089 females, and in the Concession 1,261 males and 1,144 females. The sex proportion among the foreign children is remarkably even, there being 2,477 boys and 2,441 girls under fifteen years of age. Those over fifteen are counted as adults. Of the children' there are 2,233 boys and 2,045 girls in the Settlement and 244 boys and 336 girls in the Concession. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were not recognised by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements. 75,04; in 1880, 107,812; in 1890, 168,129, in 1900, 240,995. In 1910, in the International Settlement there were 488,005 Chinese and 13,536 foreigners-501,541 in all. In the French Concession in 1910 there were 114,470 Chinese and 1,476 foreigners, or a total of 115,946. The grand total of the two settlements for 1910 was 617,487. Between 1910 and 1915, taking the population of the two settlements as a whole, it is found that in five years the number of residents in Shanghai has increased by 170,433, or at the rate