NEWCHWANG -MANCHURIAN TRADE CENTRES-MUKDEN
成來源商英
VAN ESS & Co., A., Merchants-Teleph.
412 and 432
A. Van Ess
C. W. Lorenzen, asst., signs per pro.
C. L. Borioni
Agencies
The China Mutual Life Ins. Co.
Gen. Accident, Fire & Life Ass. Co.
Deutscher Lloyd Transport Vers
Actien Ges.
East Asiatic S.S. Co., Ld.
The Brit. Dominions Gen. Ins. Co., Ld.
The Toyo Kisen Kaisha
Le Foncier de France et des Colonies
YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, LIMITED
S. Hongo, acting manager N. Fujimaki, signs per pro.
T. Nakamura K. Yamaguchi S. Kagawa M. Higuchi I. Yamada S. Kitagawa T. Uchiyama
MANCHURIAN TRADE CENTRES
In addition to Mukden, the Treaties made with China in 1903 by the United States and Japan secured the opening of Antung and Tatungkow in Manchuria. By an additional agreement made between China and Japan in December, 1905, the following inland places in Manchuria were opened to trade on the dates specified :-September 10, 1906, Tieh-ling, Tung-chiang-tzu and Fakumen; on October 8, Hsin-min Fa; on December 17, Manchuli, Harbin, Ch'ang-ch'un (K'uan-ch'éng-tzu) and Kirin; on December 19, Tsitsihar (Pu-k'uei), the capital of the northern province of Hei-lung- chiang; and on June 28, 1997, the remaining seven places-Feng-huang-ch'èng (Ting) Liao-yang, Ninguta, Hun-ch'un, Sansing, Hailar and Aihun-were declared open as a preliminary step prior to the adoption of special settlement regulations. Only at Harbin and Antung are Foreign Consulates established.
MUKDEN
天奉 Feng-tin
Mukden, the capital of the province of Manchuria and the ancient seat of the present reigning dynasty of China, was nominally opened to international residence and trade by the Commercial Treaty concluded by the United States with China in 1903, but it was not really opened until 1906, for in the Russo-Japanese war the city became one of the strongholds of the Russian forces, from which, however, they were eventually driven by the advancing Japanese army. When peace was concluded and the troops were withdrawn the trade possibilities of the province began to receive increased attention. The principal trade of Mukden has been in grain, such as beans and millet, and it has also been a curing centre for furs.
Considerable indirect business has been done with the city in European textiles and hardware, sugar and kerosene oil. When foreign merchants begin to establish themselves in the Manchurian capital a steady development in this trade may be expected. Though consulates have been established, no arrangements had been made for the establishment of a Customs-
house.
Mukden is situated in slightly undulating country a few miles north of the Hunho, a tributary of the river Liao, about 110 miles north-east of the port of New- chwang, and has stations on the Chinese Eastern Railway and the South Manchuria Railway 1 miles to the west of the city. The city is trebly walled. The outer wall, which is circular and built of mud, encloses the suburbs and is 13