KEDAH
Situated on the north-west coast of the Peninsula, between the parallels of 5:50° and 6:40° North and the meridians of 99°40′ and 100:55" E., Kedah has an area of over 3,000 square miles. In the north and east the country is hilly, but the plains in the south and west are well-watered and fertile, padi and rice being the chief agricultural products at present, though the future is likely to see a considerable amount of rubber and coconut cultivation.
The first work undertaken by Mr. W. G. Maxwell, who took up the advisership in July, 1909, was to reconstitute the administrative departments on the F.M.S. model. In every department great progress has been made, and special mention should be made of the abolition of "debt bondage," a peculiar feature of ancient Malay life.
A proper Survey Department has been constituted. Road making, bridge building and canal extension are features of the new régime, and a start has now been made with the extension of the railway from Province Wellesley into Kedah as far as the capital, Alor Star. New post offices have been established throughout the country, the money order system introduced and telegraph and telephone systems extended. Arrange- ments have been made to connect the telephones with Penang,
At the 1911 census the population was 245,986, of whom 195,411 were Malays, 33,746 Chinese, 6,074 Indians and 136 Europeans (128 British). The revenue for 1912 was $2,045,322 against $1,838,152 in 1911, and the expenditure $1,830,272 against $1,704,014. Seventy-three per cent, of the revenue is derived from the opiumˇmonopoly, land revenue and export and import duties. In 1912, 834 tons of tin were exported and 22 tons of wolfram.
Rubber planting continues to make steady progress, but, unfortunately, the annual reports are not yet comprehensive enough to obtain details of this and other agricultural products.
DIRECTORY
Sultan-H, H. Sir ABDUL HAMID BIN AHMAT TAJUDIN, K.C.M.G. Aide-de-Camp-Tunku Bahadursha
Secretary to Government-Che Mohammad Sriffin
STATE COUNCIL OFFICE
President H. H. Tunku Mahmud Adviser-W. George Maxwell Acting Adviser-Meadows Frost Asst. Adviser-A. Cavendish Secretary-Muhammad Sheriff
TREASURY
State Treasurer-Tunku Zainub Rashid
AUDIT OFFICE
Auditor General-Syed Muhammad Sha-
habudin
Asst. Auditor General-A. G. Ward
Do.
-J. McDonough
HIGH COURT-ALOR STAR, Kedah Chief Judge-Syed Hassan Barakabah Asst. do. -Syed Abdullah Shahabudin Cadet-Tenku Manshor
Registrar-Syed Mohamad Idid Sheriff-Che Awang
Deputy Registrar-Shaikh. Md. Hashim
Do. Sheriff-Che Endoet
SURVEY DEPARTMENT
Do.
Supdt. Surveys--R. W. B. Darke Asst. Supt. Surveys J. Dervar
--F. B. Sewell Do. (Office)- W. E, Birch 1st Grade Surveyor-C, N. Charlton
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT State Engineer-J. Gorman Asst. do. --F. G. Finch Engineer Surveyor-P. Erskine Clerk of Works-A. H. Dragon
MINES DEPARTMENT Acting Supdt.-G. E. Shaw Asst. do. -Che Nassim