JOHORE
1455
and a mosque. A steam saw-mill, owned by Chinese, does a good business. A plentiful supply of water, by means of pipes from a stream in the hills about 12 miles distant, has been provided since March, 1890. Good roads are being made, and, to meet the requirements of the Padang district, a light railway was completed during 1890 as far as Parit Jawa, a distance of eight miles. This railway is being extended for a further distance of 28 miles. It made a profit of $17,172 in 1912.
The population of the State at the Census in 1911 was ascertained to be 180,412, of whom 161 were British, 71,315 Malays, 63,405 Chinese, 30,904 Javanese, and 5,659 Indians. The Chinese are chiefly found as cultivators of gambier and pepper, and are spread over the range of country in the extreme southern end of the peninsula, nearest to Singapore.
European pioneers have, in the last few years, taken up large areas for planting, chiefly rubber and coconuts. Gambier, pepper and tapioca cultivation is on the decline. The area under rubber at the end of 1912 was 108,412 acres, and the export of rubber in that year amounted to 2,216,078 lbs., va ucd at about 4/10,000, against 1,244,500 lbs. in 1911. The total area leased for rubber is 342,708 acres, and a remark- able feature of the rubber industry in this State is the large amount of land taken up by Japanese, over 100,000 acres.
At the present time the principal exports of Johore are the carefully cultivated rubber, copra, gambier, pepper and sago, and the natural products of timber, rattans and damar, for almost all such produce Singapore is the port of shipment.
The only mineral in which the country is really rich is iron. It is nowhere worked, but is found almost everywhere. Deposits of tin are known in several places and gold in one or two spots. A little tin is worked at Seluang, but no considerable mining is actually carried on, unless the islands of the Carimons be included. Though now politically separated from Johore, these islands are geologically part of it, and were formerly a dependency of the kingdom.
DIRECTORY
Sovereign Ruler-His Highness IBRAHIM, Sultan of the State and Territory of
Johore, K.C.M.G., Sovereign of the Most Esteemed Darjah Krabat (Family Order and the Most Honourable Darjah Mahakota Johore (Order of the Crown of Johore) First Class Osmanich Order. Born 17th Sept. 1873; Proclaimed 7th Sept. 1895. Private Secretary-H. Md. Said
Aide de Camp—Å Military Officer
Extra
do.
—A Volunteer Officer
COUNCIL OF State
The Dato Mentri Besar, P.K., S.P.M.J., & M.G., president The Dato Mohamed B. Mahbob, S.P.M..J., vice-president
SECRETARIAT
The Dato Mentri Besar
Chief Minister
State Secretary-Dato Mohamed Deputy State Secretary--Dato Ismail Auditor--Dato Md. Hassan
English Translator-Meln Abdul Kadir
AUDIT OFFICE
State Auditor-Genl.-D. M. Hassan, S.P.M... Chief Clerk-Inchi Awang bin Ali
ECCLESIASTICAL Dept.
President-Ungki Hadji Ali
Secretary-Hadji Ismail bin H. Sulieman
:
Schools
Johore Bahru-Malay
Head Master—Mohamed Doon
Johore Bahru-English
Head Master-Vacant
GAOL DEPARTMENT
Governor-Inchi
Kassim (acting)
Mohamed Noor bin
1st Clerk- Inchi Awang bin Mahmoed 2nd do. Inchi Ahmad bin Sri
1st Gaoler-Inchi Mohamed Noor bin
Abdullah
2nd Gaoler- Inchi Ibrahim bin H. Samad