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CHINA
1. Chinese Eastern Railway (Tung Ching), 5-foot gauge. and thence east and west to the Russian frontier; 1,077 miles.
2. Tsitsihar Light Railway (Ang-ang-chi), metre gauge. with the Chinese Eastern Railway at Ang-ang-ki; 17 miles. Constructed by a British engineer.
Kuanchengtzu to Harbin Under Russian control. Connecting Tsitsihar Opened August, 1909.
3. South Manchurian Railway. Under Japanese control. Main line: Dairen (Dalny) to Kuanchengtzu (1) miles beyond Changchun), 439 miles ; double line. Branches : (1) Choushuitzu to Port Arthur; 311⁄2 miles. (2) Tashihkiao to Yinkow (Newchwang); 17 miles, inclusive of the new section from Niuchiatun to Yingkow which was opened in November, 1909. (3) Yentai to Taikang; 10 miles. (4) Suchiatun to Fushun; 344 miles, to the coal mines. (5) Moukden to Antung; 2 foot 6 inch gauge, 17 miles. This is being converted to standard gauge and reconstructed. It will join the main line by the Fushun branch at Suchiatun. 10 miles south of Moukden, the new line being 170 miles. The River Yalu is being bridged to connect with the Korean Railway.
4. Imperial Railways of North China. The earliest railway system in China, British engineers, Chinese and British capital. Main line: Peking to Moukden (Ching-Feng), 522 miles. The last section, Sinminfu to Moukden, was purchased from the Japanese in 1907. Branches: (1) Peking to Tungchow, 12 miles. (2) Fengtai to Lukowkiao, 4 miles, connecting with the Peking-Hankow Railway. (3) Kowpangtze to Yingkow (Newchwang), 57 miles. A branch from Tangho to Chinwangtao, 6 miles, be- longs to and is controlled by the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company (British).
5. Peking-Kalgan Railway (Ching-Chang), 124 miles. Chinese capital and Chinese engineers. Opened to Kalgan in September, 1909.
6. Peking-Hankow Railway (Ching-Han, also known as Pe-Han or Lu-Han), 755 miles. Built by Franco-Belgian capital. Reverted to Chinese control, January 1, 1909. French and Belgian engineers still employed. Branches: (1) Liangsiang to Tuli, 12 miles, to local coal mines. (2) Liuliho to Chowkweichwang, 1" miles, to local coal mines. (3) Kaopeition to Siling, 36 miles, light metre gauge railway to the Imperial tombs. (4) Kaoyihsien to Lincheng, 11 miles, to local coal mines.
7. Tientsin-Pukow Railway (Ching-Pu), 675 miles. Anglo-German capital (northern section 400 miles, German; southern section, 275 miles, British). Completed in 1911.
8. Shantung Railway. Under German control. Main line: Tsingtau to Tsinan, 256 miles, a single line with earthwork to accommodate double line. Branch: Changtien to Poshan, 28 miles.
9. Tsaochwang-Taierhchwang Railway, 35 miles, from coal mines near Yihsien in South Shantung, to the Grand Canal. Under construction.
10. Shansi Railway (Cheng-Tai). From Shihkiaochwang (next station south of Chengtingfu) on the Peking- Hankow line to Taiyuanfu; 151 miles, metre gauge. Con- cession secured by Russo-Chinese Bank in 1898; constructed by Belgian syndicate; opened 1907; proposed to be redeemed by China in 1912.
11. Kaifeng-Honanfu Railway (Pien-Lo), 140 miles. Under Belgian control; redeemable by China.
12. Taokow-Tsinghwachen Railway (Tao-Ching), 96 miles. Crosses the Peking- Hankow Railway at Sinsiang. Built by British capital and worked by the Peking Syndicate. Redeemed by China, 1905. British engineer still employed. To be
continued to Tsehchow.
13. Szechuan-Hankow Railway (Ch'uan-Han), Chengtu to Hankow, over 800 miles. Work began at Ichang in December, 1901, on the section from Ichang to Wansien. The whole of the Chinese capital collected by subscriptions and taxes during the last 10 years will be absorbed by the expenditure already incurred in preliminary opera- tions and by the expenditure necessary to construct the section now begun; but there is still strong provincial opposition to a foreign loan.
14. Canton-Hankow Railway (Yueh-Han); 750 miles. Undertaken by three provin cial companies for the sections in Kwangtung, Hunan and Hupei, respectively, with Chinese capital. Construction by Chinese and foreign engineers (some British) is well advanced throughout the Kwangtung section, but through traffic only reaches from Canton to a point 65 miles north. Work on embankments is progressing favourably on the Hunan section from Chuchow to Changsha. Nothing is apparently being done on the Hupei section. Branches: (1) Canton to Samshui (San Shui) 32 miles, double to Fatshan (10 miles). (2) Chuchow to Pingsiang (P'ing-Li), 65 miles, to serve the Anyuen coal mines; built in 1902 by American engineers. To be extended 12 miles further.