PEI-TAI-HO AND CHINWANGTAO-NEWCHWANG
Butterfield & SWIRE-Tel. Ad: “Swire." (Agent in residence during the Winter
season only.)
CHINESE ENGINEERING AND MINING Co.
LD., THE-Tel. Ad: Maishan
R. McConaghy, agent and engineer J. G. Gray, shipping clerk J. A. Enright, accountant W. Roberts, harbour master J. Phillips, traffic inspector
Dr. C. T. Andrews, medical officer
FORBES & Co.. WILLIAM—Tel. Ad:“Rinchee”
S. W. Morton, agent
FRENCH MILITARY CAMP
Lieut. d'Alverny, officer in charge
IMPERIAL CHINESE POST OFFICE
815
T. A. Collaço, assistant postal officer Ho Hung Chun, head clerk
IMPERIAL MARITIME CUSTOMS
H. M. Hillier, commissioner E. B. Howell, assistant Lo Ch'i Ming, do
H. Rumford, examiner N. Ellis,
do
R. Luccarini, tidewaiter
do
do
T. Dunbar, W. K. Chao,
REST HOUSE HOTEL- Tel. Ad: Rest House
Hop Kee, manager,
NEWCHWANG
Niu-chwang Ying-kow
Niu-chwang
Newchwang, in latitude 40 deg. 40 min. 38 sec. N., longitude 122 deg. 15 min. 30 sec. E., was opened to foreign trade in May, 1864, and was for more than forty years the only Treaty port in Manchuria. Manchuria comprises the three Provinces of Fêngtien, Kirin and Heilungchiang, and is commonly called by the Chinese the "Tung San Sheng "or the Three Eastern Provinces. Newchwang is situated in the most southern of these three pro- vinces--Fôngtien, also known as Shông Ching-and lies about thirteen miles from the mouth of the Liao River, which empties into the Gulf of Liaotung, a continuation of the Gulf of Pechili. The proper name of the port is Yingkow, and not Newchwang, which is situated 90 li (30 miles) further up the river. The old town of Newchwang was designated by Treaty to be opened to trade, but the first foreigners finding Ying- kow more conveniently situated, and more adapted in every respect for the purposes of trade, quietly installed themselves there and got over the difficulty by the simple process of changing the name of Yingkow into that of Newchwang!
The country in the immediate vicinity of the port is flat and unpicturesque in the extreme, and the town itself has nothing in the way of attractions for the traveller. The climate, from the foreigner's point of view, is one of the best in China, the sum- mers being comparatively cool, while the winters are cold and bracing. The hottest summer temperature rarely exceeds 85° (Fahr), but cold blasts from the North pull down the "mercury' in winter months often to 10° and 15° below zero (Fahr.). The river is generally frozen over for three months of the year, but navigation is practically suspended for four months, from December to the following April. Formerly New- chwang was shut off from the rest of the world during winter, but the advent of rail- ways has changed all this. The Imperial Railways of North China, through their branch line from Koupangtzu, maintain daily communication with Tientsin, Peking and Mukden and the South Manchurian Railway, through its branch line from Tasbih- chiao, maintains daily communication with Dalny, Port Arthur, Mukden, Tiehling and Kuanchengtze. At the latter place the Chinese Eastern Railway connects for Harbin and Europe by the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The Chinese population of Yingkow is estimated at 52,000 and the foreign popula- tion in 1908 numbered 2,538 souls, of which 2,396 were of the Japanese nationality.
The value of the trade of the port during the year 1909 was Hk. Tls. 55,018,010; against Hk. Tls. 41,199,047 in 1908, Hk. Tls. 32,294,663 in 1907, and Hk. Tls. 44,482,001 in 1906. Until a few years back Newclawang had the monopoly of the trade of Manchuria, but now she has powerful competitors in Harbin in the North, and Dalny in the South. In spite of the competition she is holding her own and the trade for 1910 promises to be the largest