758
CHINA
Robert Hart in a scheme of military reorganisation prepared in 1904 recommended the creation of three naval squadrons, the Northern, the Southern and the Central, each to consist of 10 battleships and first-class cruisers, 10 second-class cruisers, 10 torpedo-boat destroyers, and 50 torpedo-boats, with a crew of 10,500 men. The scheme is apparently pigeon-holed at Peking for the present, but in 1999 six torpedo-boat destroyers were built for China in Japanese yards, and four river gunboats were launched in 1908 from Hongkong yards. A Commission, headed by H. I. H. Prince Tsai Hsün, visited Europe in 1909 to study naval organisations with the object of developing China's navy, and H. H. Duke Tao (another brother of the Regent) went on a similar mission to Europe in 1910 with a view to a re-organisation of the Army.
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
The ports open to trade are:-Newchwang, Chinwantao, Tientsin, Chefoo, Shanghai, Soochow, Chinkiang, Nanking, Wuhu, Kiukiang, Hankow, Yochow, Changsha, Shasi, Ichang, Chungking, Hangchow, Ningpo, Wênchow, Santu, Foochow, Amoy, Swatow, Canton, Samshui, Wuchow, Kongmoon, Nanning, Kiungchow, and Pakhoi. Lungchow, Mêngtsz, Szemao and Tengyueh, on the frontiers of Tonkin and Burmah, and Yatung in Tibet, are stations under the cognisance of the Foreign Customs. Mukden, Antung and Tatiengkow and many other inland places in Manchuria have recently been opened to foreign trade. The import trade, exclusive of the Colony of Hong- kong, centres chiefly at Shanghai, Tientsin, Hankow and Canton, while the bulk of the exports pass through the ports of Shanghai and Canton. The annual value of the trade of China coming under the supervision of the Imperial Maritime Customs was as follows:-
Net Exports to
Net Imports from Foreign Countries. Foreign Countries.
Total of Foreign trade.
Net Imports of Native Goods
1905... Hk. Tls. 447,100,791 Hk. Tls. 227,888,197 Hk. Tls. 674,988,988 Hk. Tls. 166,884,461
1906...
"
-410,270,082
236,456,739
11
646,726,821
**
1907...
多角
416,401,369
264,380,697
19
680,782,066
**
1908...
394,505,478
"}}
276,660,403
671,165,881
158,276,126 137,552,030 178,544,248
1909...
418,158, 67
338,992,814
757,150,881
291,243, 109
1909 equals at-
£44,051,410
Ex. 1. 48, Mex. $618,873,939 Mex. $501,709,365 Mex. $1,127,583,304 Mex. $297,84,245 Ex. 2s. 7d., £54,338,770
£98,390,180
£26,151,162 The following was the net value of commodities imported direct from and exported direct to Foreign Countries in 1999. These figures do not include the traile carried on with neighbouring countries in Chinese junks, which does not come within the control of the Foreign Customis :--
Hongkong
Imports
Exports
Hk. Tls. 150,471,229
96,919,388
Totals 247,390,617
Japan (including Formosa)
Great Britain
59,915,187
51,558,155
>>
111,533,342
68,229,788
19,579,097
87,808,885
United States of America
32,603,5 19
32,446,245
65,052,794
Russia, Siberia and Russian Pacific Ports India
"
15,415,020
40,132,606
55,847,626
10, 133,828
4,813,447
45,247,275
France
"3
2,181,627
38,598,327
40,779, 54
Germany
34
15,188,966
7,529,464
22,718,430
Belgium
10 858 266
**
5,059,763
15,918,029
Straits and other British Colonies.. Macao
19
8,795,640
6,310,533
15,1 6,173
爷爷
5,321,908
4,674,058
9,995,966
Italy
165,882
8,8 1,046
9,316,928
>>
Dutch Indies
>>
6,838,169
1,204,423
8,042,592
French Indo China........
6,044,872
19
1,920,085
7,964,957
Turkey, Persia, Egypt, Aden, etc. Netherlands
120,327
19
6,618,450
6,738,777
>>
1,7.4,122
4,072,938
6,447,060
Korea ..
Siam and Philippines
19
2,095,853
2,917,080
5,012,933
1,748,438
1,983,051
3,731,4 9
Austria and Hungary.
1,013,364
2,354,629
3,367,993
Other European Countries
469,571
"
550,029
1,019,600
Hk. Tls. 430,048,606 338,99,814
76,041,420
Imports to the amount of Hk. Tls. 11,890,539 were re-exported to foreign countries, namely, to Russian Pacific Ports, Tls. 3,377,646; to Hongkong, Tls. 1,741,954; to Korea, Tls. 2,501,527 ; to Japan, Tls. 1,406,989; to other countries, Tls, 393,042. The chief articles re-exported were Cotton Goods to the value of Tls. 4,034,670.