BATAVIA
1423
the new town with the construction of barracks and the palace that was designed to be the residence of the Governor-General, but has never been used as such. It is now utilised for Government offices. It contains the large assembly room for the Governor-General and the Council for India, which room contains the portraits of all the Governors-General of Netherlands-India. The palace is situated on the west side of the Waterloo Square, where are to be seen a monument of the battle of Waterloo, another monument to General Michiels, and a bronze statue of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, which was unveiled when the 250 years' existence of Batavia was celebrated. On the right and left of the palace are the Supreme Court and the Military Club Concordia. At a short distance from the Waterlooplein is another and larger square, the Koningsplein, each side of which is nearly one mile long. The square is surrounded by elegant comfortable houses, the residences of the higher officials and wealthy merchants. There is also a fine church, Willemskerk, near the railway station, and the museum of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences.
The old city and the new are connected by three railways, two tramways, and wide roads for carriages. Different Banks and Banking Corporations have agencies at Batavia, viz. :--The Netherlands Trading Society (Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij), with a capital of £. 60,000,000 (of which f.45,000,000 is paid up) and a reserve capital of f.5,752,874, gave a dividend of 11 per cent. in 1904, 15 per cent. in 1905, 8 per cent. in 1906, 8 per cent. in 1907, and 8 per cent. in 1908. The Netherlands-India Mercantile Bank (Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank), with a capital of f.15,000,000 (of which f.12,378, 00 is paid up) and a reserve capital f. 2,754,338,09, promotes trade, industry, and agricul- ture in Netherlands-India, advances money to agricultural estates and stimulates agricultural enterprise. The Colonial Bank (capital f.10,000,000) also supplies capital to estates for the same purpose. The Netherlands-India Escompto Company, with a capital of f.7,500,000 and a reserve capital of £.778,500, does general banking business, advances money on shares, etc. The bank paid 8 per cent. to its shareholders in 1908. There are also agencies of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China.
The port of Tandjong Priok is in communication with Batavia by railway and by a canal. The outer harbour is formed by two piers 1,850 metres long; the entrance is 125 metres wide, and the depth is 8 metres. The inner harbour has a quay 1,100 metres ong and 175 metres wide; the water has a depth of 7.50 metres. There is extensive accommodation for coaling, and in the docks and workshops all kinds of repairs to vessels can be made. The expenses for the construction of the harbour and annexed works amounted to 26 millions of guilders.
The population of Batavia consisted on the 31st December, 1905, of 8,777 Europeans 28,150 Chinese, 2,058 Arabs, 246 other foreign Orientals, and 99,320, natives; total 138,551.
BUITENZORG
The usual residence of the Governor-General is at Buitenzorg, at a distance of a little more than one hour by railway from Batavia. The population of Buitenzorg amounted in 1905 to 2,394 Europeans, 4,318 Chinese, 448 Arabs, 27 other foreign Orientals and 26,214 natives; total, 33,401. The botanical gardens near the palace of the Governor- General were made in 1817, and are well known not only for their beautiful arrange- ment, but especially for the great services rendered to science and agriculture under the management of the eminent directors, Teysmann, Dr. Scheffer, and Prof. Dr. Treub. All experiments for the introduction of exotic plants into Netherlands India are made here, with the result that many useful plants from foreign countries are reared and flourish in Java as in their native soil.