PEKING
673
883 people within the enclosure of the British Legation, that being the refuge to which all had recourse when they were driven from other positions in the defence. Of this number 527 were Europeans and Japanese. The reports of the defeat of the Chinese at Per-t'sang and Yang-tsun, and of the swift advance of the Allied army, had the effect of making the Chinese more resolute to gratify their hatred, even at the last moment, consequently the attacks of the 12th and the 13th were the most desperate of the whole Siege; but as the heavy guns of the Relief were distinctly heard from Tung-chow, the defence knew the meaning of it and were more resolute on their part to beat the enemy off. The Japanese and the Russians were at the eastern gates of the Tartar City on the 13th of August, and to these localities the Chinese withdrew their best forces leaving the eastern Gate of the Chinese City all but unguarded. Here Sir Arthur Gaselee and General Chaffee leading the British and American contingents of the Column found an easy entrance. After seizing the Temple of Heaven, they swiftly pushed along in a direction parallel to the South Wall and found a way on through the Water Gate, by which the waters of the Imperial Canal flow under the Wall.
In a few minutes the relief of the Legations was an accomplished fact. The Russians and French got in early the following morning at the Tung-pien-men, and the Japanese, who, after being the leaders all the way from Tientsin and bearing the brunt of most of the hard fighting on the road up, had the bad fortune to meet with most of the real opposition at the Walls, entered later on in the same morning. The gallant little Islanders found some solace in coming across the chief Treasury as they fought their way across the City, driving the beaten Chinese before them. On the following day the Americans advanced on the Imperial and Forbidden Cities and, with the co-operation of the French and Russians, seized these citadels of prejudice and seclusion. The French, backed by the Japanese, effected the release of the sore-tried people in the Pei-t'ang. The City was given up to a "modified looting" for a period of three days, and then military government was established, the different Powers undertaking different areas of the town. The Palaces fell to the Russians, who also sent out a column and seized the famous Summer Palace thirteen miles distant. The capture of the City was formally celebrated by a visit of all the leading Ministers, Officers, and some of the troops to the Palace. For the first time in history foreigners were able to see the arcana of the Imperial Court. The Imperial Family had the day before the Relief escaped from the City and fled into Shan-si via the Northern passes, en route for Si-an-fu, where it remained till October, 1901.
Peking, though it suffered indescribably from the depredations of the Boxers, the Imperial troops, the awful ruffianism of Tung-fuh-shiang's barbarians from Kansu, to say nothing of the subsequent attentions of the Allied troops, is at present more attractive as an object of travel than before, for the simple reason that the City was cleansed by the foreign Powers, and that many places of antiquarian, artistic or historic interest are now accessible if the visitor sets about his object with due attention to national susceptibilities.
During 1902 the fortification of the Legation quarter was completed, the railway termini brought to the Ch'ien Men in the Chinese City, and the reconstruction of the various legations was begun. These were slowly brought to completion, and extensive barracks connected with each for the accommodation of the Legation Guards. As all Chinese buildings in this section were removed the Legation quarter present the appearance of a European settlement of about half a square mile in extent. In, or bordering upon this section, there are three good hotels, Hotel du Nord, and Hotel de Pekin, and in the Legation quarters a large Hotel has been built by the General Hotel des Wagon Lits Ld.; it is just near the memorable Water Gate leading to the railway station. There are now several large stores German, French, Italian or Chinese which sell all kinds of foreign goods. The Club House is much larger and more con- venient than it was before; there is a Soldiers' Y.M.C.A., and a Catholic church for the Legation Guards, and two hospitals,-St. Michael's and the Methodist Episcopal (John L. Hopkins Memorial) which are provided with accommodation for both Chinese and European patients. There are four Banks, Hongkong and Shanghai, Russo- Chinese, Yokohama Specie, and Deutch Asiatische, all of which do a flourishing business. The streets are being macadamized, and an Electric Light Company has been organized which will furnish light wherever wanted in the city. Telephones are also in use and Reuter has established a permanent agency in Peking.
The various Missions have been rebuilt. The bungalows have all been exchanged for two-storied houses, the arrangement of which has been greatly altered, giving to the mission compounds a much more attractive appearance. The church in the Methodist Mission, at the rear of the Hotel du Nord, will accommodate 1,500 people.