STRAITS SETTLEMENTS
This Colony-now consisting of the island of Singapore, the province of Malacca, the island of Penang, the Dindings further south, Province Wellesley on the mainland, and the Cocos or Keeling Islands, and Christmas Island, the latter two placed under the same Government in 1886 and 1889 respectively-was transferred from the control of the Indian Government to that of the Secretary of State for the Colonies by an Order in Council dated the 1st April, 1867. The seat of Government is the town of Singapore, on the island of the same name. The Government consists of a Governor, aided by an Executive and Legislative Council, the latter body consisting of nine official members and seven unofficial members, of whom two are nominated by the Chambers of Commerce of Singapore and Penang. There are Municipal bodies in each Settlement, the members of which are partly elected by the ratepayers and partly appointed by the Governor.
Penang was the first British Settlement on the Malayan Peninsula, having been ceded to the British by the Rajah of Kedah in 1785, and it soon acquired a monopoly of the trade of the Peninsula. Malacca, which had been successively held by the Portuguese and the Dutch, finally passed into the hands of Great Britain by Treaty with Holland in 1824, having been previously held by Great Britain from 1795 to 1818. With the establishment of Penang in 1785 most of the trade which had formerly centred at Malacen was transferred to the former. In 1819 Singapore was taken possession of by Sir Stamford Raffles, by virtue of a Treaty with the Johore Princes, and it soon took the lead of Penang as a commercial centre. In 1826 Singa- pore and Malacca were incorporated with Penang under one Government, Penang remaining the seat of Government until 1830, when the administration was transferred to Singapore.
The census of the Straits Settlements, taken in 1901, gave the population of Singapore as 228,555 (170,875 males and 57,680 females) against 184,554 in 1891. Penang and dependencies 218,207, against 235,618 in 1891. Malacca, 95,487 against 92,170 in 1891. Christmas Island 704. The Cocos Islands 645. The total increase in the Straits Settle- ments since 1891 was 59,907 or 11.69 per cent. The increase in males was 34,600 or 10 per cent. and in females 25,307 or 15 per cent. The resident population of Europeans and Americans increased by 669 or 20.5 per cent. There was a decrease of 1,531 in the whole European and American population (including floating population and British military) mainly owing to there not being a British regiment stationed there when the census was
taken.
The revenue of the Colony in 1903 it was estimated would amount to £9,715,142 and the expenditure to $9,293,957. This year (1907) a slightly reduced revenue is expected, viz. $9,259,865, the decrease being more than accounted for by the reduced tender for the Excise Farms. A railway from Singapore to Johore was opened two years ago and is paying well. Speaking generally, it may be said that there are many signs of the increasing prosperity of the Colony as a whole, intimately connected as it is with the welfare of the Federated Malay States. The towns of Singapore and George Town, Penang, continue to extend. The value of town property has enormously increased. Concurrently with a general increase in trade and business, the cost of living has advanced enormously. House rent both in Singapore and Penang has risen greatly, while the price of labour and building materials deters many from investing their capital in building operations. The increased output and high price of tin in the Federated Malay States, the bulk of which finds its way to the Smelting Works in the Colony, have largely contributed to the wealth of the popula tion. Many have made fortunes out of tin and invest a large proportion of their gains in the Colony. The imports for 1905 including the inter-settlement trade amounted to 332 million dollars, and the exports to 278 million dollars, showing a decrease in the imports of about 2 per cent and an increase of 33 per cent in exports. In the fiscal annals of the Colony a new departure was marked in 1906 by the introduction of a Bill sanctioning the raising of loans aggregating £8,123,039, for paying the shareholders of the Tangong Pagar Docks, which the Government have expropriated, and for carrying out some big improvement schemes.
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