1202
NETHERLANDS INDIA
The export of the principal articles in 1904 amounted to:
kilo
Rice (bras) Do. (paddy)...
Coffee
+
Sugar
Tea
Pepper, white Pepper, black
Tobacco..
Nutmegs
Gambier
Kapok
Copra
Sago
Indigo
...
Chinchona ...
Gom damar
Gom kopal
Gombenzoin
•
...
...
...
46,096,094
1,890,504 "" 28,021,694
} value Fl. 4,704,134
19
91
16,367,054
...
1,051,537,761
19
"}
"}
84,123,021
11,798,579
11
"}
"1
7,079,148
...
1,353,164
}}
19
}}
11,588,406
""
**
19
+
55,793,861
*
""
"}
676,582 4,635,362 43,941,903
3,278,550
*"
99
"1
3,278,550
8,436,337
"}
31
""
2,109,084
...
...
...
5,290,090
""
"}
1,587,027
...
86,954,580
""
51
**
13,043,187
19,915,464
""
"}
91
1,378,185
733,679
19
"
"
2,108,683
7,120,098
"}
5,696,078
4,078,367
19
"
1,631,347
8,071,667
19
"
"1
2,017,916
1,335,365
"
""
"
1,335,365
1,628,619
99
55
"}
3,257,228
***
211,756
19
99
423,512
...
5,632,217
11
5,632,217
20,394,502
""
3,059,175
Caoutchouc
Gutta percha
Different sorts of Gutta
Pinang nuts
Djarakkernels Cacaonuts
...
Rattans
Petroleum
Benzine
Residium
...
+
...
11
""
""
11
2,072,526 1,018,006 29,598 171 446,519,348 liter (liquid fuel)
>>
145,077 610,804 4,439,726
""
17,869,774
""
39
2,568,641
738,893
Diamonds are found in Borneo, gold in Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes, and Timor, plati- num in Borneo, silver in small quantities in Borneo and Sumatra, copper in Timor and Borneo, iron in Celebes, Sumatra, and Borneo, tin of excellent quality and in large quantities in Banka, Billiton, and the Carimon islands and of inferior quality in some other islands, lead in Sumatra and Borneo, zinc in small quantities in Sumatra, coal in
Borneo, Sumatra, Java and in Batjan, jodium and naptha in Java, saltpetre in Java, marble in Java and especially in Sumatra. Salt is produced in Madoera of excellent quality, and also in the other islands, by evaporation of the sea water. Kero- sene oil is produced in abundance in Java and Sumatra, gives enormous profits, and is also found in Borneo.
The possession of the soil by the natives is strongly protected by law. As a gene- ral rule the ground cannot be sold to foreigners, not even to Dutchmen, nor to their descendants who are born in India. The Government is authorized to dispose of un- cultivated grounds and grant parts of them for a certain period to foreigners (erfpacht). On the 31st December, 1900, the stock of cattle in Java and Madoera consisted of 2,436,031 buffaloes, 2,654,800 other horned cattle, and 418,400 horses (ponies).
REVENUE, FINANCES
The revenue of the colony is derived from different taxes, viz., export and import duties, excise, ground tax, licences, poll tax, succession duties and stamp duties, the rent of farms (opium, gambling-houses, pawn-brokers' shops, etc., etc.), monopolies (opium, salt), tin mines, forests, railways, mining, and agricultural concessions, the culti- vation of coffee, and sundry petty articles. In former years the cultivation of coffee was the principal source of revenue, but of late years there has been a constant decrease. In the residencies in Java (except Batavia, Bantam, Cheribon, Rembang, Soerabaja, Ban- joemas, Soerakarta and Djokjakarta), where the ground is suitable for the cultivation of coffee, a certain number of natives are obliged to plant every year a number of coffee trees, to take care of the plantations, to dry the fruit, and to deliver it into the Government godowns. They are therefore free of ground tax and receive a remunera- tion at the fixed rate of fifteen guilders per picul.
In nearly all the residencies of Java and Madoera, in Sumatra (except Acheen and dependencies), in Banka, Billiton, and Borneo, private persons are not allowed to make nor to import salt. Fine table salt, salt for medicinal use, and salt wanted for packing preserves, can be imported on payment of a duty. The large bulk of the