NEWCHWANG
647
Before the port was opened, comparatively little was known of this part of the Central Kingdom. Manchuria has since, however, been largely colonised by the Chinese, who now outnumber the natives. The phrase Ying-tz means military station, and that was the only use formerly made of the port. Between the years 1858 and 1860, the British fleet assembled in Ta-lien-wan Bay, and early in 1861 the foreign settlement was established. The town of Newchwang itself is distant from Ying-tz about thirty miles, and is a sparsely populated and uninteresting place, but the construction of the railways is rapidly increasing its importance. At the end of 1899 the Eastern Chinese Railway line (Russian) between Port Arthur, Dalny (Talienwan), and the junction at Ta-shili- chias, whence a branch runs to this port, was completed as far as Moukden and the Imperial Chinese Railway line from Tientsin to Yingkow was practically accomplished. These lines are now completed and there is a train service through to St. Petersburg. Systematic attack has also at last been made upon the mineral resources of Man- churia, the Eastern Chinese Railway having opened coal mines at Mo-ch'i-shan and Tz'uêrh-shan near Liao-yang, and at Wa-fung-tien in the south of the Liaotung peninsula. The railway line runs close to these valuable properties. The well-known gold-bearing districts of Tung Wha and Tieling are also being worked by foreign companies. An unprecedented expansion in trade has accompanied these developments. The country about the port of Newchwang is bare and desolate, and in sailing up the river a most cheerless prospect greets the traveller's eye. Ying-tz is surrounded by dreary marshes, and the land under cultivation produces principally beans. The river is closed by ice for more than three months every year, during which period the residents are entirely cut off from the outer world. The climate, however, is healthy and bracing. The population of the place is estimated at 60,000.
The chief articles of trade at the port are Beans and Bean-cake; the export being principally to Japan. The share of Japan in the export trade of Newchwang in 1903 was more than 22 per cent. of the total. The net quantity of Opium imported in 1901 was only 34 piculs, only five piculs being foreign. The import of Opium has of late years shown an almost continuous decline, the poppy being largely and successfully cultivated in Manchuria. The total net value of the trade of the port in 19.4 was Tls. 41,600,696 as against Tls. 47,961,251 in 1903.
July 1904 in the course of the war between Japan and Russia Newchwang was occupied by the Japanese without a struggle. It is still under Japanese Military Administration.
ADMINISTRATION,
MILITARY
IMPERIAL
DIRECTORY
JAPANESE
Administrator- Lt. Col. K. Yokura Asst. Administrator--Capt. B. Koba-
yashi
Chief of Police-Cayt. T. Nasu Treasurer-Capt. T. Nakamura Supt. of the Sanitary Board-Capt.
H. Suzuki
Secretary of Foreign Affairs and
Censor Lt. Z. Hamamura Supt. of the Yingkow Station Branch
Office Lt. K. Kudara
Secy. of Chinese Affairs-T. Fujino Civil Engineers---T. Nagasaki C.E., E. C. A. Dunn, B.A.B.E., M. Masada Police Court Examiner-S. Ogura Registration Clerk-R. Miyabe Communications Clerk-T. Iwakiri Telegraphic Office Supt.--M. Arita Telephone Office Supt.-S. Imai Isolation Hospital Supt.- Dr. S.
Domoto
Supt. of Yingkow Hospital -Dr. H.
Yokoyama
Quarantine Officers--Dr.Yuge and Dr.
C. C. Deburgh Daly, M.B., B.CH. Commercial School-G. Uyeno Prin-
cipal
Japanese and Chinese Elementary
School-M. Uyeno Principal
ARNHOLD KARBERG & Co.
Otto Hoppe, signs per pro.
G. Tisdale
昌旗
Chee-chang
BANDINEL & Co., Merchants and Shipping-
Agents
J. J. F. Bandinel
F. D. Farmer
J. M. Bandinel
C. John
L. Rawa
M Yamanichi
REMINGTON TYPEWRITERS render reliable service.