JOHORE-FEDERATED MALAY STATES
William Cameron, engineer George Cameron, assistant D. Grandjean,
do.
SAW MILLS-JOHORE STEAM, Johore Bharu
Dato Meldrum, proprietor
Fraser & Cumming, lessees
621
H. P. Bagley, manager (signs per pro.)
R. Cameron, superintendent W. Cameron, engineer D. Grandjean, assistant G. Cameron,
do.
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FEDERATED MALAY STATES
The Protected States comprise four Residences, namely, Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang. These have been federated, the federation taking effect from the 1st July, 1896, and the administration is presided over by a British Officer styled the Resident-General. Each State has its own Resident and the native rulers retain their titles and dignity. The head offices are at Kwala Lumpur, Selangor.
The total revenue of the Federated Malay States during 1901 amounted to 817,541,507, as compared with $15,609,808 in the previous year, and is the highest figure yet attained. The expenditure came to $17,273,158 as compared with $12,728,931. 1900, revenue $15,609,808, expenditure $12,728,931; 1901, revenue $17,383,647, expenditure 816,463,175. The assets of the Federated States on 1st January, 1902, including Bank fixed deposits, and cash in Treasuries and on current account in Banks, stood at 810,37,120. Liabilities are returned at $5,040,695. In the twenty-six years during which the Malay States have had the advantage of British advice and protection, the revenue has grown from about £100,000 to over £1,500,000. Over 250 miles of Railway, 1,300 miles of Cartroad and 1,400 miles of Telegraph have been constructed. Waterworks, Wharves, Hospitals, Prisons, Schools, and many other public buildings have been constructed, while the Government of Perak is engaged upon an important scheme of Irrigation which will benefit about 60,000 acres of land and cost about $100,000. The principal sources of revenue and prosperity are the alluvial tin deposits which, at the present price of the metal, can be worked at considerable profit. About 500,000 tons of Tin, worth over £40,000,000 sterling, have been exported during the last fifteen years, Tin has been worked in the Malay Peninsula for centuries, and it is believed it will still be produced there centuries hence. The industry has grown of recent years to very large proportions, but it would take a long time to work out the alluvial deposits in the landis already alienated, and these comprise but a fraction of the unexplored lands which still remain, where there is every reason to believe the mineral will be found in payable quantities. This only applies to alluvial deposits. No one can guess what are the reserves of ore in underground rock formations, as at Kuantan in Pahang, Slim in Perak, and Jelebu in the Negri Sembilan. The Government has not, however, over- looked the fact that in the export of Tin its capital was being reduced, and it has made an effort to supply another and more useful investment by the construction of Railways, with part at least of the revenue. Since British Protection the royalty on Tin has yielded a total of $47,000,000, and the Federated States have in the same time expended $29,000,000 in the construction of Railways, and soon they will own 360 miles of fully equipped Railways constructed without the assistance of any borrowed money. The profits give a return of over 8 per cent, on the capital expended.
The population of the Federated Malay States in 1900 amounted to 676,138, against 418,509, ten years ago; an increase of 6155 per cent. The number of Malays has risen from 230,090 in 1891, to 313,763 on the 1st March, 1899. The Chinese have increased enormously, and there are 491,313 males of all races to only 184,825 females. In the last decade the Natives of India have increased from 20,177 to 52,501. The Federated Malay States spent, in 1900, on Government Hospitals and Government Surgeons, a sum of $600,000. Beyond this, they built and equipped a Laboratory and Institution for Patho- logical research, and selected a highly qualified specialist.
The revenues of the four States for 1901 amounted to $17,541,307, or nearly $2,000,000 more than in the previous year. The expenditure reached $17,273,158, in- cluding nearly 84,70,000 spent upon Railway Construction and $3,600,000 on other Public Works, the most important of which were for Irrigation and Water Supply in Perak and Selangor. On the 31st of December last the assets exceeded the liabilities by over 85,000,000. The value of trade in 1901 was practically the same as in the
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