SHANGHAI
143
The Expenditure of the French Municipality in 1897 amounted to Tls. 229,369.42 and was divided as under:-
Secretariat (Staff and General charges).......
.Tls. 20,492.66
...
Public Works
116,946.60
Police Department
43,917.86
Water Supply Tls. 7,479.90, Lighting Tls. 15,520.53 Sanitary Tls. 3,799.58, Education Tls. 2,517.03
23.000.43
6,316.61
Volunteers, 3.100.74 Fire Brigade Tls. 2,820.00, Band Tls. 1,500,00
7,420.74
Hospitals and Orphanage ..
2,477.00
Telegraphs, Telephones, Observatory, &c.
5,752.56
Miscellaneous Tls. ,503.69, “Imprévu " Tls, 1,541.27
3,044.96
Tls. 229,369.42
The revenue and expenditure for 1898 were each estimated at Tls. 187,975.12.
POPULATION
741
The Foreign population increased rapidly up to 1865, but declined considerably during the next ten years. The census of 1865 gave the number of foreign residents in the three Settlements as 2,757, army and navy (British) 1,851, shipping 981, a total of 5,589. In 1870 the total in the Anglo-American Settlement was 1,666; in 1876, 1,673; in 1880, 2,197; in 1885, 3,673; in 1890, 3,821. By the census of 24th June, 1895, there were in the Settlements north of the Yang-king-pang a total of 4,684 foreigners; 1,295 in the English division, 2,903 in Hongkew, 486 in outside roads and Pootung. Of these 2,068 were males, 1,227 females, and 1,489 children, against 1,086 males, 296 females, and 291 children in 1876; and 1,775 males 1,011 females and 887 children, in 1885. The fluctuations in the foreign population have been very remarkable. Between 1870 and 1880 the number of adult males decreased, while in the next five years it increased by over fifty per cent. In the nine years, 1876 to 1885, the whole foreign population more than doubled, but in the next five years it showed an increase of only 148, of whom 144 were children. The increase has been greatest in Hongkew, where the population is tive times what it was in 1876, whereas that of the British Settlement is less than in 1885. The foreign population of the French Concession on the sune day of 1895 was 190 males, 78 females, and 162 children, a total of 430 against 444 in 1890. A curious fact is that of children under fifteen only 26 were males while 136 were females. The proportion of different nationalities in all the settlements was in 1895, 2,002 British, Portuguese, 399 German and Austrian, 357 American, 281 French, 154 Spanish, 89 Danish, 88 Italian, 82 Swedish and Norwegian. 31 Russian, 111 of various other European nationalities, 322 Eurasians, 268 Japanese, 127 Indians, and 62 Manilamen and other Asiatics. While the adult foreign male population had increased only 61 per cent. since the census of 1870, the number of women had been multiplied six and of children nine times. These figures do not include the population afloat. which at the date of the last census was 1,306, against 1,009 in 1890 and 893 in 1885. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were expressly prohibited by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some ame- nities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements 75,047; in 1890. 17,812; in 1890, 168,129. The numbers by the last census (June, 1895) were, in the . British Settlement 116,204, in Hongkew 103,102, in Foreign Hongs in both Settlements 6,991, villages and huts within the limits 8,429, in shipping and boats 6,269, total 240,995; an increase of 43 per cent. in five years. The native population of the French Concession on the same date was 45,758, against 34,722 in 1890, and the boat population about 6,000; say a total for the three Settlements and afloat of about 293,000, more than half of whom are adult males. The population is estimated to have increased at the rate of twenty per cent. annually since the date of last census notwithstanding that rents have risen from thirty to sixty and in some cases even one hundred per cent, and that provisions and cost of living generally both of natives and foreigners has greatly increased. The majority are immigrants from other provinces who followed in the wake of foreigners. The population of the