Rice.....
Do.
Coffee...
Sugar
Tea
bras paddy
3,908,737
NETHERLANDS INDIA
The export in 1896 of the principal articles amounted to
32,865,189 kilogrammes value 3,481,955 guilders
469
"
54,409,664
J1
""
572,142,059
}"
52,098,769 57,214,205
11
"
39
Pepper, white
Pepper, black Tobacco
3,263,677 1,493,097
31
17
1,795,022
"J
"
"
447,929
"
13,908,334
11
2,086,250
""
29,523,294
""
""
Nutmegs ..
...
1,176,525
Gambier...
7,782,392
29,393,946
1,647,135 1,945,598
Kapok....
2,770,836
""
""
692,709
Copra
52,832,374
"1
**
5,811,561
Sago
6,084,689
11
365,081
"
Indigo...
824,550
""
2,105,354
"}
Chinchona
4,021,337
"3
1,206,402
"9
Gom dammar
3,781,801
"
*
2,269,080
11
Gom kopal
5,273,559
"
带华
2,109,424
Diamonds are found in Borneo, gold in Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes, and Timor, plati- num in Borneo, silver in small quantities in Borneo and Sumatra, copper in Timor and Borneo, iron in Celebes, Sumatra, and Borneo, tin of excellent quality and in large quantities in Banka, Billiton, and the Carimon islands and of inferior quality in some other islands, lead in Sumatra and Borneo, zine in small quantities in Sumatra, coal in Borneo and Sumatra (production in 1895 was 20,109 and 107,942 tons), in Java and in Batjan, jodium and naptha in Java, saltpetre in Java, marble in Java and espe- cially in Sumatra. Salt is produced in Madoera of excellent quality, and also in the other islands, by evaporation of the sea water. Kerosine oil is found in abundance in Java and Sumatra, and gives enormous profits.
The possession of the soil by the natives is strongly protected by law. As a gene- ral rule the ground cannot be sold to foreigners, not even to Dutchmen, nor to their descendants who are born in India. The Government is authorized to dispose of un- cultivated grounds and grant parts of them for a certain period to foreigners (erfpacht).
On the 31st December, 1894 the stock of cattle in Java and Madoera consisted of 2,649,690 buffaloes, 2,513,100 other horned cattle, and 520,500 horses (ponies).
REVENUE, FINANCES,
The revenue of the colony is derived from different taxes, viz., export and import duties, excise, ground tax, licences, poll tax, succession duties and stamp duties, the rent of farms (opium, gambling houses, pawn-brokers' shops, etc., etc.), monopolies (salt), tin mines, forests, railways, mining, and agricultural concessions, the cultivation of coffee, and sundry petty articles. In former years the cultivation of coffee was the principal source of revenue, but of late years there has been a constant decrease. In the residencies in Java (except Soerakarta and Djogjokarta), where the ground is suitable for the cultivation of cotice, a certain number of natives are obliged to plant every year a number of coffee trees, to take care of the plantations, to dry the fruit, and to deliver it into the Government godowns. They are therefore free of ground tax and receive a remuneration which is fixed by Government. The coffee that is culti- vated by the population without control of the Government in Java, Madoera, and some parts of Sumatra must also be delivered at a fixed rate at the Government godowns.
In nearly all the residencies of Java and Madoera, in Sumatra (except Acheen and dependencies), in Banka, Billiton, and Borneo, private persons are not allowed to make nor to import salt. Fine table salt, salt for medicinal use, and salt that is wanted for packing preserves, can be imported on payment of a duty. The large bulk of the salt that is wanted for the Government monopoly is made in Madoera, where the people are obliged to deliver the salt into the Government godowns at the fixed rate of ten guilders per kojan (1,853 kilogrammes).
..
Concerning opium the Government intends to take the management of the monopoly into its own hands and to sell the drug on the system of a regie" to the population without the intermediation of farmers. Since 1st September, 1894, the regie" has, as a trial, been introduced in Madoera and in three residencies of Java. In these residencies the sale of opium otherwise than by "regie" is prohibited. Resident grants to certain persons a permit to open certain houses where the opium can be sold and smoked. It is forbidden to keep a stock of opium not derived from the “reşie” and the monopoly of the Government is strongly protected by penalties. The
The
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