NANKING
163.
stood outside the walls on the south side of the city. The celebrated mausoleum of the Emperor Hung Wu, founder of the Ming dynasty (who died in 1398), with other tombs and monuments, known as the Ming Tombs, are just outside the eastern walls. There are many other interesting ruins in or near the city, including the remains of Hung Wu's Palace. Nanking was first brought into notice among Europeans in 1842, in which year the first British Treaty with China was signed here. During the Taiping rebellion no place suffered more. It was first taken by assault by the Taipings on the 19th March, 1853, and after sustaining a prolonged siege was recaptured by the Imperial forces on the 19th July, 1864, a fatal blow to the rebels.
Although Nanking has recovered to a small extent from the prostration which attended its ill-treatment during the rebellion, it has never yet attained any commercial importance. A Naval College was opened here in 1890 for which a large pile of buildings was erected. A dozen teachers and instructors are employed, including three foreigners. The Arsenal and Powder Mills, for many years in charge of foreigners, are now entrusted to native direction. They are situated just outside the South Gate. The missionaries support three hospitals and a number of schools. Since the advent of Chang Chih-tung as Governor General considerable effort has been made to improve the city. The fortifi- cations have been strengthened and a macadamized road has been built from the steamer landing to the Viceroy's yamen. The carriages and jinrickshas which have been introduced are much appreciated by the people and it is proposed to construct similar roads to other parts of the city. Since the close of the war with Japan the same enterprising official has employed a large number of European military officers to organize and drill an army. As the seat of the viceregal government and by virtue of its historic associations Nanking still possesses some importance, and will no doubt, when opened to foreign trade, regain a degree of its lost prestige.
AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY
Rev. Ira B. Stephenson
會美以美
DIRECTORY
AMERICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL MISSION
Rev. W. C. Longden, superdt., and wife
Rev. R. C. Beebe, M.D., and wife
Rev. J. C. Ferguson and wife
Rev. D. W. Nichols and wife (absent)
Rev. J. F. Newman and wife
Miss Sarah Peters (absent)
Miss Ella C. Shaw
Miss Emma Mitchell (absent)
Mrs. A. L. Davis
Miss Laura Hanzlik
Prof. John R. Fryer
Chang-lao-hui
AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN MISSION
Rev. C. and Mrs. Leaman
Rev. W. J. and Mrs. Drummond
Rev. T. W. Houston
Mrs. R. E. Abbey
Miss M. Latimore
Miss E. E. Dresser
Miss Effie Murray
所公兵練洋南
Director-Shên Tun-ho (Prefect)
ARMY ADMINISTRATION
Director-Chien Shun (Prefect) Commander-Major A. Baroa Reitzen-
stein
Aide-de-Camp-Lieut. Leo. v. Nau-
endorff*
Captains-Lieuts. B. v. Tettenborn, G. v. Bodenhausen, E. v. Strauch, E. Töpfer, Jos. v. Schoeler, Count Nayhauss, Ottwin, Maschke, Willy Quassowski, Wilhelm Hoffmann, Carl Dziobeck
Lieutenonts-G. Dobberke, O. Asch- brenner, H. Heinrich, A. Sevdel, M. Kuhudt. F. Hanisch, A. Wott- rich, P. Sims, O. Girnus, Jos. Jahn, Berut Friedrich, Julius Fressberger, Gustav Krause, David Dietert, Carl Scïbu, Ernst Dethlefs, Otto Jarling. Friedrich Möller, August Gomoll, Wilhelm Mertens, Hugo Krone, August Bruisch, August Ehses
局務洋陵金
# Nanking Yang-wu Chu
FOREIGN OFFICE
Manager-Hwan Tsun-hsien,
Ho Pu Taotai
Adviser--Sliên Tun-ho, Ho Pu Chifu
(Prefect)
Interpreter-Yang Chi-ch'ang
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