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at Pokfolum, and is a fine building with an elegant chapel attached. The Dairy Farm is also situated there. Wong-nai Chung is snugly located at the head of the valley of that name and is the most accessible of all the villages from Victoria. Stanley, situated in a small bay on the south-east of the island, was once the site of a military station, but most of the barrack buildings were pulled down some years ago, and the village is now stationary. A cemetery on the point contains numerous graves of British officers and soldiers. One of the places most in favour with pedestrians who are not afraid of a good long tramp is the little village of Tytam, nestling among trees at the mouth of the stream of the same name, which here enters Tytam Bay, the most extensive inlet on the southern coast. There are good carriage roads from Victoria both to Aberdeen and Shau-ki Wan, and bridle roads to Stanley and Tytam. Saiwan is a small village picturesquely situated in Saiwan Bay, just outside the Ly-ee-mùn Pass, and is also much frequented by picnic parties. In the belief that it was a healthy locality, small barracks were erected there early in the forties, but the experiment proved most disastrous, for in five weeks out of a detachment of 20 English soldiers, five died and three more were removed in a dangerous condition. The buildings were therefore soon abandoned. Shek O is a small but prettily located village occupying a small valley shut in from the water on the northern coast, not far from Cape D'Aguilar.
KOWLOON AND OTHER DEPENDENCIES.
Across the harbour is the dependency of British Kowloon. The peninsula was first granted in perpetual lease by the Kwangtung Government to Sir Harry (then Mr.)Smith Parkes, but was definitely ceded to Great Britain in 1860, when its cession formed Article VI. of the Peking Convention. It has an area of four square miles, and has latterly made considerable progress. Yau-ma Ti, the principal village, has increased in population, and bids fair to some day become an important town. The Military and Police Rifle Ranges are at the back of and near to this place. A company of infantry is stationed at Tsin-tsa Tsui, where small barracks and officers' quarters are located. At Tsim-tsa Tsui, too, a number of European houses, a hotel, and a club have been erected and numerous gardens laid out, and this portion of the peninsula, which faces Victoria, is gradually developing into a European residential settlement. A fine praya, with a massive granite wall, has been constructed there, and an extensive range of godowns built and several fine wharves made, for discharging cargo and coaling. A well equipped Observatory is situated on Mount Elgin; and a large and handsome Police Station for the Water Police occupies an eminence just above the new praya. In front of this Station is a Time Ball, which is dropped daily. A steam ferry plies regularly between Tsim-tsa Tsui and Victoria; ferry boats also run between Yau-ma Ti and Victoria and Hung-ham-where the principal docks of the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Co. are situate-and Victoria. Of the islands and islets in the waters of the Colony the most important is Stone- cutter's Island, formerly known as Wong Chuen-chow. This is really a dependency of British Kowloon, being opposite to and about three-quarters of a mile from the north- western extremity of the peninsula. The island is an irregular ridge about a mile in length, and a little over a quarter of a mile broad. The Gunpowder Depôt is on the eastern end, near the wharf; the principal eminences are occupied by batteries more or less formidable, and no one is allowed to land without a permit. The Quarantine Station is also located here. After the great typhoon of September, 1874, two or three thousand bodies of the victims found afloat were interred on Stonecutter's Island. Attempts have been made to acclimatise rabbits on the island, but with indifferent success. Kellet's Island is a small rock near East Point, on which a fort formerly stood, but which has been replaced by a small magazine. Green Island, at the western entrance of the harbour, has been planted with trees and now justifies its name all the year round. A lighthouse has been placed on its south-western extremity. One Tree Island is a tiny rock near the entrance to Aberdeen. A Dynamite Depot has been erected on it. Aplichau is a considerable island opposite Aberdeen, of which harbour it forms part, and hasa populous fishing village on its northern shore facing Aberdeen. There appears to be considerable doubt whether the large island of Lamma, on the southern coast, is a dependency of the Colony, from which it is only about a mile distant in the narrowest part of the East Lamma Channel. It is sparsely populated by agriculturists and fishermen.
POPULATION, GARRISON, AND DEFENCES.
The total population of the Colony of Hongkong, according to the census of 1881, was 160,402, showing an increase of 21,258 since 1876, when the preceding census was taken. The total population of the city of Victoria was returned at 141,494; that of Kowloon at 9,021; of Shau-ki Wan 3,274; of Aberdeen 1,305; and Stanley 829. The rest of the popula tion is distributed among the smaller villages. The total British and foreign population numbered 7,990; but the residents proper are returned at 3,040, the former figures
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