fco-40-49-kowloon-disturbances — Page 9

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UNCLASSIFIED

Addressed to Foreign Office telegram No. 1030 of 7 August. Repeated for
information to Hong Kong (Priority), Washington and POLAD Singapore.

People's Daily of 7 August carries a commentator article on Hong Kong
Main points are as follows.

2. Since the Sha Tau Kok incident on 8 July, British imperialism has
committed new towering crimes against Hong Kong compatriots. Ho Feng
(0149-2800) and eight other people have been killed. More than 1.000
people from all walks of life have been arrested. More than 50 attacks
on patriotic premises have been carried out by police, troops and even
helicopters from aircraft carriers. There has been continuous
provocation against the Hong Kong branch of NCNA including the arrest of
4 reporters.

3- But the debt of blood which British imperialism has accumulated will
certainly be paid off. Meanwhile the big strike is going well and Hong
Kong seamen joined in on 17 July.

If
British imperialism mobilises troops, police, armed cars and helicopters
in the suppression of patriotic compatriots they must expect stern
punishment in return. Patriotic compatriots armed with the spiritual
atom bomb of Mao's thought can overwhelm any enemy. Chinese workers in
Hong Kong and patriotic compatriots are drawing tight the noose around
British imperialism's neck. Article concludes "British imperialism must
understand that Hong Kong and Kowloon have been Chinese territory
throughout history. We sternly warn you, those who play with fire get
burned and if you continue on this road you will come to a dead end.
Don't say you were not warned".

4.

Another article in the same paper describes raids on Left Wing
premises on 4 August including the use of helicopters from Hermes.

Mr. Hopson

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With the compliments

of the

DEPUTY

OVERSEAS LABOUR ADVISER

(T. Haighton Esq)

L

4 Auguer 1967

UNCLASSIFIED

HUA

7.8.67

CURRENT COMMUNIST DISTURBANCES IN HONUKONO

#3 AUG 1967

Thirteen months seperate Hongkong' two outbreaks of rioting. This time
the present disturbanoes had their origin in a labour dispute on 29th
April at the Hongkong Artificial Flower Works which concerned wages and
working conditions. They were very quickly taken up and exploited by the
looal communists for political enda. By 6th May, political slogans,
posters and little red books of Chairman Mao Tse Tung were very much in
evidence.

According to some China-watchers, it is believed the present trouble
stoms from the purging of the former Chinese propaganda chief, Tao Umu,
who belonged to the Chinese President, Liu Shao-Chi aliquo. Before his
unsteady rise to mumbor four in the Chinose Communist Party, Tao Chu was
the secretary of the Contral-South section of the Politburomu which is
in charge of Hongkong activities. His downfall reflected on those who
served him - including the Hongkong communist and the people working in
the New China News Agonoy, Hongkong Branch. To redeem themselves they.
decided to win a "victory for Mao Tse Tung's thoughts" in Hongkong
mainly to save their own neck.

The above theory to the omises of the recent disturbances
18 not without justification as events of the past wooks have shown. But
to appreciate the above theory, one has to understand the unique
relationship existing between Hongkong and Peking. Officially there has
been no diplomatic contact between Hongkong and Poking. On en urgent
matter, the Governor would send a telegram to the Foreign office,
London, for it to be relayed to the British Charge d'Affairs in Poking
who would then deliver it. But this diplomatic triangle was discreetly
set aside when Hongkong Government officials contacted the Kwangtung
authorities through the Hongkong branch of the New China News Agency.

Formerly a cordial relationship had onabled Hongkong to
arrange for water to be piped from Kwangtung and to send anginoers
across the border to advise on the laying of the pipeline. Chinese water
still flows to Kowloon at 60 million gallons a day - supporting the
theory that local communists had the idea of making longkong into
another "Macao".

Mr. William Liang Yoi-ling, the Director General of Nov China News
Agonay (Hongkong), in the top man in the communist hierachy of Hongkong
who decides the policy line to be adoptod. The mubor two man is the hoad
of the Bank of China. But when it came to action, Mr. Yeung Kwong,
Chairman of the left-wing Hongkong Federation of Trade Unions, was the
mont active nombor of the present Anti-Hongkong British Persecution
Committee. SONO of Hongkong's top communists are dollar millionaires
living in top luxury. Such poople include Mr. Foi Yi-min, publisher of
the left-wing Ta Kung Pao (Chinese language newspapers) and Mr.
K.C.Hong, Chairman of the Chineno General Chamber of Commerce. But those
leaders profor to stay buck-stage. The Now China Nowa Agonoy is a
hoadquarters for propaganda and intelligance work and Bomotimon is known
as the "Chinoso Consulato" because it is tho place to go if one wishes
to entor or contact China.

Pago 2

During the Hongkong riots and anti-British campaign, practically
the whole of the communist financial network, ranging from stores which
deal oxclusively in chinese products to communist-owmed banks, had been
goared up to spearhead the "revolt".

But on the other hand the communist leaders realise the crippling loss
of earnings that would result from a takeover of Hongkong. Furthermore
the many economic benefits that Poking derives from longkong would be
lost or greatly diminished if it were part of Communist China.

It has been evident from the violent anti-British campain during ħ the
past 2 months or so, the communist "hate maohino" is well equipped to
carry out its war of words against the Hongkong Government. Millions of
dolları have been sunk into the communist-owned newspapers and bookshops
which present a bold communist front in the Colony. There are always
lavish communist films to soo. The communist cinoma network comprises
South China, Astor, Ruby, Nanyang, Ko Shing and Silver Theatros, Evon
the young are not free from the aenmult of Mao's thoughts. They face it
at several communist schoole in Hongkong. Even if the lessons are
non-political, students can get together with their tonchors for a
friendly chat and a reading from Kao's hotations. Parents who have no
wish to involve themselves in politico still send thoir ohildren to
those schools because they offer an officiemt education, strict
discipline and modern conditions in contrast with some of the pooror
schools. When it came to strikes and clashes with the polioo, the
communists make use of the 65 communist unions with a "paper" membership
of 100,000 bolonging to the Hongkong Foderation of Trale Unions as its
front-line men. Six timos during the month of June the "Anti-Porsocution
Struggle Committee" had called a general strike and in overy occasion
the workers of Hongkong; had ignored the communist call. Despite
intensivo proporation, a loud publicity build-up, intimidation of
violence on workers who refused to join in their political strike, and
at a later stago, the exponditure of some IK$ 20 million 55 inducerents
to strikers in almost every trade, ranging from public traovort and
essential services to toxtile factories, the commuidot nover pot Bagsud
the rtago of a curtailuent of transport murvicot. Brom thin, only a
hang4:1 of the faithfuls of the Kowloon Motor Bus Company together uith
ɛoms of the workers who were still pormitting themselves to bo bribed or
intimidatza into going along with the communiete responded. In the
textile industry they Fid cell strikes at the fam Fung Toxtile, Central
Textile factories in Tran Wan and Wyler Textilo factory in Kowloon on 29
May and the Hori Bun Textile, and Tai Tong Textile factorios in Kun Tong
on 25 June. But they were completely robuffed by the "neutral" workers
and our members under the leadership of CINGUTI. Out of a combined
labour force of about 7,000 from the 5 mills, only About 600 all bribed
with hugh ca of money inducements ranging from MM300 to IK8500/-)
rosponded to the communist political atrike.

1

Among the reasons for ite failuro were the fact that the
communist aduieter plot to paralyse llongkong transport and other
industries through brikes and intimidationя KXXXXMKWF had boon badly
exposed by the Work Security Committees formed by CINGUH! and other ETC
offiliated undone and the Government together with employers' "get
tougi" policy 11. deadung vit the comminiet troible-uakers. One thing
has become abundantly clear or a Iesult of the acries of pointless
communiet interruptione lo the ordinay life Kongkong. Tho loanl
commnista huve not only loat proal public synputly but 1150 ago the
ordinary fan, vomer and child in the struct the only veure a nomal
livelihood, During the past 2 manila 1+ luokal se if there has been an

!

Раде Page 3

undeclared boycott of communist stores which sell ezolusively chinose
products by the general public. Presently almost every store seems to

be deserted.

The first Governmont "get tough" policy appeared on lat June in the form
of an Emergency Rogulation, prohibiting the display of inflammatory
postars. The communista showed their first sim of dofience against the
law by organising the stoppage of work in the Marine Department in
protest against the removal of posters from the Dockyard. When warnings
about inflammatory posters want unheeded, the Marine Department
suspended over 500 of its employees. This action, taken by a government
department, was soon followed by the Star Ferry Company in usponding
without pay all the ferry staff who have defiod warnings and gone out on
strike. Similiar suspension and dismissal sations wore also taken by the
Government Waterworks Department, gas, Power & Light, the transport
companies and toxtiles factories. Up to today more than 8,000 communist
agitators and trouble-makers have bea dismissed.

The Work Security Committee organised in every Branch of
CIWOUH had proved to be an effective measure to resist the communist
political pressure. This so-called Work Security Committee is made up of
Branch Union leaders of CIVOUH and the active "neutral" workoTB within
the mill. In every floor or where applicable, in every section of the
toxtile mill, we have a member of the Work Security Committee looking
after the interost of the workers in that floor or section. The primary
functions of the committeo are t

(b)

(0)

To collect informations on communist activities within the mill. To
expose any communist plot to disrupt the textile industry and the
livelihood of the workers with it.

To organise collective actions to protect our members and the "eutral"
workers who had refused to join in the cont political strike.

In matabliching the Work Security Committees in every Branch of CIVGIJI,
it is our intention to make use of such committeos, at sone future
datos, to help revive or re-establish many of thoso Branches which had
romainod inactive in the past. This is an attempt to instil into the
large majority of unorganised workers the importance and strength of
collective actions.

In response to the current crieis, much emphasis and

intorost have boon focussed on the future plans for social progrcus in
the Colony by civic leaders, many of whom are employers themselves.
Thoudi Government response to social progress is not taking place as we
desire, we are glad to hear that the Government and the employers have
nor roalised that Hongkong cannot construot a geniunoly stable edifing
of prosperity and well-being on a foundation of social inoquity and
labour discontent.

Any attempt to do so will in the long run provo harmful to the community
though it may in the short term generate wealth for the few and procent
the appearance of a flourishing economy said the editorial of the
Hongkong Standard, a loading English-language newspaper hore.

11

Recognising the fact that nocial and economic factors had played an
important part in the amor of the recent dirturi nem, China Mail
(another loading Dglish Broning, nourraper) eslled fer

1.0

I

Pago 4

"Without

inturace for Hongkong's future. The paper further stated, dissatisfied
workore the agitators would have been unable to start the trouble which
has bothered llongkong since early Kay. Hongkong'o labour lawo have a
base which datos back to the 1920's and thood wore archale. However, a
change of laws is not all that is nooded. What is urgently required is a
change of attitude at the top in industry and commerce. Hongkong has
many good yours of productivity ahead and enlightened management om
insure this if it will recognise the need of improving the lot of the
Colony's willing labour foros."

If Mig business in Hongrong om take hood to this warning, the time for
action in this field is now, for the communists have lost the initiative
by ignoring this obvious discontent. Untucoonnful political strikes of
the past 2 months clearly showed the ocomuniste have lost a great deal
of union support.

The Government's interest in the social and economic progress of
Hongkong can be seen from the Governor's remarks, made prior to his
departure for United Kingdom on 25th June, on the future plans for
Hongkong. The three areas he mentioned woro Labour logiolation, Social
Security and local authority. Speculation on the mattor has since been
rampant and favourable. It is known that the Governor hen boen unhappy
with private industries' failure to make any progrone in labour
rolations and that some of his unofficial advisors have bocn a big
stumbling block. The Governor is believed to be presently trying to sook
a 'right' labour specialiot from UK capable of adapting overseas
solutions to Hongkong pocularities. That the Governor eax fit to comment
on the nood for social security in the wake of Hongkong's rodent
troubles is significant.

As regards the Administration studying cur prosent lave with a view to
making changos no are oonbidored dosirable, the Hongkong Standard
Elitorial strongly called for a radical overhaul of our labour Imre and
not just a mumber of more or less minor modifications as the Government
implication socmed to muggoat. The Editorial also voiced strong doubts
as to whether such modifications (if intonded by the local
Administration) will satisfy the noods of the situation.

Considering the various significant public and industries' reactions
(much to the disadvantage of the communiste) to the recent lortist
disturbances, and Government's plans for the social progress of Hon
kon6, the recent trouble may be viewed as a blossing in disguino for the
free and democratio trade union novonaut in Hongkong. Furthermore, the
Longkonɛ Government, which has boen almost pansive during the past years
in theiz approach to the development of trade unionism because of the
conflicting rolitical division, has now made our organising task easier
by dismicaing and sono cases deporting most of the hardcore communist
trouble-ṛrkers, The employers, on the other hand, have begun to roaline
the importance of building up good harmonious labour/management
relations. With the tendency so much in favour of developing responsible
trade unionism, the democratio trade union movement in Hongkong has only
to re-double their efforts in organising and educnting the working
masses if we are to muccessfully build a stronger labour movement here.

Page 5

The prospects of strengthening the daworatic labour mov

md in particular the respective industrial unio. 3 1.6. tortilo,
traz.aport, motal and public utilities will be rooncnably bright if the
rampestive T3 togothor with the ICU-ARO can make a collective effort in
helpin S the unions here. The time for such concerted actions must be
taken now when it is most favourable.

SUBMITTED BY 1

LEONG FOOK KED LFE SHITNG CIM

(25th July 1967)

En clair

INWARD TELEGRAM

TO THE COMMONWEALTH OFFICE

(The Secretary of State)

FROM HONG KONG (O.A.G.)

D. 9 August, 1967. R. 9

12452.

IMMEDIATE No. 1194

1 0 AUG 1967

!

374

'STRATION

Addressed to Commonwealth Office

Repeated

11

1

"

"Peking No. 497

"P.A. Singapore No. 292

Washington No. 249. "Canberra No. 71

(S. of S. please pass

PRIORITY to all).

воод

RECE ARCHI

-9 AUGIYO/

SITREP as at 09 1800. My telegram 1166.

The placing of bombs in public places has continued but there have been
further cases of bomb- throwing. Public transport has again been
attacked and there have been renewed outbreaks of mob violence
particularly in the Western District of the island. There is still only
a limited train service from Canton. Police have recovered a quantity of
explosives and have continued to raid Communist premises including a
group of buildings in North Point which was a centre for disturbances
during early July (my telegram 1014 refers). On the border the situation
remains tense. There has been one incident at Stk and another at Man Kam
To in addition to that reported in my telegram 1171.

2. There have been thirty one bomb incidents in the last six days.
Twenty two of these were dealt with by bomb disposal teams and there
were nine explosions in one of which the bomber was seriously hurt.
departure was the sending of two parcel bombs, both successfully dealt
with, to major European firms. 7th August police recovered some ninety
nine sticks of dynamite, a number of detonators and lengths of fuse
which had apparently been abandoned in a hurry on the outskirts of
Kowloon.

3

On 5th August in

On the

Kowloon 4 auxiliary police on water stand point
duty were attacked by a mob armed with hammers, two being injured. On
5th and 6th August two gatherings of students one on each side of the
harbour could have caused trouble but quickly dispersed when police
arrived. Early on 7th August a group was disturbed putting up
inflammatory posters in Nathan Road.

During

63

HWA In iln

/the

the late evening a bus and a tram in Western District were attacked by a
stone-throwing crowd. Six people were hurt during the course of this
incident but the attackers dispersed quickly when the police arrived.
Early on 8th August a bomb was thrown at a tram causing damage and
hurting one passenger. One man was arrested for complicity. That night
another crowd collected in Western District. Two trams were stoned. The
police were forced to fire and a number of rioters are believed to have
been hit. They were dragged away however but ten arrests were made. The
broadcasting of inflammatory messages from a C.P.G.-owned vessel lying
at China Merchants Steam Navigation wharf in Western District and the
use of a nearby Communist-owned godown as a rallying point for rioters
are behind these renewed outbreaks in Western District.

40

There is still only one train per day from Canton.

5.

Police raids have continued. A major operation was mounted with military
support on 4th August against two multi-storey buildings in North Point
on the island. These housed a number of union premises which it was
thought were being used as refuges, as well as the Wah Fung emporium,
the focal point of troubles in that area in the first fortnight in July.
Of the twenty six arrested three held important positions in local
Communist circles. No resistance was offered though preparations
including booby traps and the electrification of grilles had been made.
A notable point was the discovery of a well equipped small hospital in
one building. For the first time helicopters were used by the police and
military in this raid. There have been thirteen other raids during which
seven addresses were visited to arrest proprietors, editors and
publishers of three smaller pro-Communist papers of whom five out of six
were arrested.

6.

On the border isolated stone-throwing incidents continue. At Stk on 7th
August a dummy bomb was hung from a lamp post. Attempts to deal with it
were hampered by stone-throwing civilians until in the end the C.C.A.
took some steps to prevent this, There was another incident at Man Kam
To on which I will report separately.

[Passed as requested]

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1267

CONFIDENTIAL

INWARD TELEGRAM

TO THE COMMONWEALTH OFFICE

(The Secretary of State)

FROM HONG KONG (O.A.G. COPY FOR REGISTRATION

D. 9 August 1967

R.

9

IMMEDIATE

CONFIDENTIAL

No.1195

18402

574

Addressed to Commonwealth office (D.T.D.) Repeated to: Peking No.498

POLAD Singapore No.293 Washington No.250

Canberra No.72

(S. of S. please pass PRIORITY to all)

My immediately preceding telegram.

Food supplies by rail remain very small but road and sea deliveries
continue to meet the full requirement.

2. There have been a total of 256 bombs reported in the period from 4th
to 0800 on 9th August of which only 30 were genuine. A large percentage
of false reports result from deliberate hoaxes, There is some increase
in the use of dynamite or gelignite as opposed to black powder.

3. The upsurge of mob activity directed once again against public
transport and fomented by broadcasts from C.P.G. owned vessels could
have repercussions throughout the Colony. These vessels are used mainly
for bringing food to the Colony and the area is one where our main rice
storage godowns are · sited. There are, therefore, difficulties in
taking police action both in relation to our food supplies and to the
C.P.G. The frontier, however, remains the most dangerous area and much
depends on how the situation at Man Kam To develops.

(Passed as requested)

(Passed to D.S.A.0. for F.E. Dept. (F.0.), Mr. Glover

News Dept. (C.0.) and Private Office for

Commonwealth Secretary)

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CONFIDENTIAL

En Clair

MOSCOW TO FOREIGN OFFICE

Tel. No. 1381

UNCLASSIFIED

976

10 August, 1967

Addressed to Foreign Office telegram No. 1381 of

10 August.

Repeated for information to Peking, Hong Kong, POLAD Singapore and
Washington.

337/My telegram No. 1279: Hong Kong.

(357)

Izvestyia of 9 August publishes an article commenting on the situation
in Hong Kong.

2. According to the article the British authorities have recently
launched a broad offensive against the Chinese population. The world
Press generally agreed that, notwith- standing all the fuss it was
making, Peking was trying to help the colonisers to suppress the Hong
Kong workers. The reason for this was the desire to maintain the
colony's "business activity", i.e., the cruel exploitation of the four
million Chinese there, from which exploitation the Peking authorities as
well as the British were profiting.

3. Thus food and water supplies to the colony, which brought the Mao
group 40 million dollars per month, in practice continued to be provided
from China and business deals continued to be concluded with British
firms. Peking merely issued severe warnings to the Governor-General and
demanded that people showing disrespect to Mao should be punished, while
meetings in Peking passed resolutions. The Hong Kong authorities well
knew that the Chinese leaders would in fact go on being cooperative. was
indicative of this cooperation that when the British had recently
expelled a hundred workers from Hong Kong these had not been received in
Canton as heroes but had been sent to labour

camps.

It

Sir G. Harrison

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177

Telno 1046

UNCLASSIFIED

10 August 1967

Addressed to Foreign Office telegram No.1046 of 10 August. Repeated for
information to Washington, POLAD Singapore, and Hong Kong.

Peoples Daily of 10 August carries two items on Hong Kong. The first
reports threatened libel actions against the

Ta Kung Pao and the Ching Pao newspapers by the Deputy Head of the
Industry and Commerce Department and two British police officers
respectively. The item describes the threatened use of the law

as another serious step in the new political persecution being carried
out against patriotic papers and says that both the newspaper in
question have already published editorials stating their refusal to be
intimidated.

2. The second item claims that the British authorities in Wen Chin Tu
village (2429-6930-3256) (Man Kam To) are very frightened following
their clash with workers on 5 August and says that the authorities have
allowed anti-British wall posters to remain in full view on the walls of
official premises in that area.

Mr. Hops on

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งาชิ

SECRET

INWARD TELEGRAM

TO THE COMMONWEALTH OFFICE

(The Secretary of State)

FROM HONG KONG (0.A.G.)

D. 11 August, 1967.

Cypher

IMMEDIATE

SECRET

No. 1208

07252

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UTMZ

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Addressed to Commonwealth Office.

"Peking, No. 507.

Repeated

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(Please pass PRIORITY to Peking

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