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(It might be thought from this instance the money spent on harbour improvements is an incorrect test of commercial advance, but it will be found that even the good harbours, by attracting commerce, require to be further improved, and in the end the money test is quite accurate enough. Portland is exceptionally good naturally, and here the test fails somewhat.)

New Hampshire is well off, and moderately populous on the coast, 200 sailors, 80 fishermen, 400 raftsmen, 100 shipwrights; old census, 318,300; new census, 347,748; organized militia, 1,479; unorganized, 33,000.

Actual forts-

Fort McClary, inner line of defence to Piscataqua River and the Navy Yard; incomplete;

only kept in repair.

Fort Constitution, opposite above, co-operates; extensive modifications required; plans for

mounting heavy guns approved, but not commenced.

Battery on Gerrish Island, outer line of defence, incomplete.

Battery on Jerry's Point, opposite above, co-operates; in same condition; stores in Navy

Yard, 6,600,000 dollars; value of marine barracks, 100,000 dollars.

Note. Neither the Engineer Reports nor Army List mention two forts, Washington and Sullivan, mentioned in Captain Washington's Report.

State of Massachussetts.

The proposals for the defence of this coast contemplated the construction, with those existing, of no less than twenty-seven forts.

2,677,000 dollars have been spent by the State on the harbours of this coast, but Boston, Merrimac River, New Bedford, Plymouth, and Provincetown absorb the great proportion.

Massachussetts, on the coast, varies from dense to very dense population, and from rich to very rich;

it had in 1870: 1,100 sailors, 5,000 fishermen, 250 raftsmen, and 3,000 shipwrights. Old census, 1,457,000; new, 1,783,000.

Organized militia, 4,166, unorganized, 245,000.

Actual forts :-

Defences of Boston and Navy Yard. Value of stores, 18,500,000 dollars. It is considered that owing to the intricacy of the channels, and comparatively efficient state of some of the forts, this harbour could not be forced.

Fort Warren; important casemated work; defends main entrance and anchorage of Nantasket

Roads; falling out of repair; is incomplete.

Battery at Long Island Head, outer line; bears on all channels; unfinished and degene-

rating.

Fort Winthrop; inner defence. Plans for modern heavy guns partially executed only. Fort Independence; inner defence. As far as modified, in a good state of efficiency.

Defences of New Bedford :-

Fort at Clark's Point commands entrance. Plans for new heavy guns awaiting funds. The fort on Salem Neck and the Fort Sewall on Marblehead Point, mentioned by Captain Washington, are no longer in charge of Engineers or mentioned in list of posts in Army

List.

On the other hand, Fort Andrew and Fort Standish, 5 and 4 miles from Plymouth, and Fort Phoenix at Fairhaven, are mentioned in Army Register, but they are neither cared for nor garrisoned.

It is obvious how rich a prize is formed by the flourishing coast of Massachussetts, and how inadequate the defence on the United States' own showing.

For further interesting discussion of the north-eastern section see State Papers, pp. 28, 33, 114, 278.

We have already gone a little past Cape Cod, where the general description extended to.

Middle Section.

The coast between Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras differs from the north-eastern portion in possessing fewer harbours, in having but little rocky and great portion of sandy shore, wherein it resembles the southern section, as well as in its milder climate; and it differs from all the other por- tions in the depth and magnitude of its interior seas and sounds, and in the distance to which deep-tide navigation extends up its numerous large rivers.

Rhode Island.

Theoretical proposals have been made to give this section six fortified positions.

600,000 dollars have been expended on this short stretch of coast in harbour improvements out of Federal funds alone.

Rhode Island is classed in 1870 Census as very densely populated and very rich. It had then 700 sailors, 700 fishermen, 22 raftsmen, and 200 shipwrights.

1870 Census, 217,000; 1880, 276,000.

Organized militia, 1,400, unorganized, 42,000.

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Appendix No. 9.

UNITED STATES.

Washington, p.

2.

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