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Appendix No. 9.

NETHERLANDS.

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26. Pasoeroean Block-house, coast fort; disclassed. 27. Military establishment at Probolingo; disclassed. 28. Military establishment at Bezoeki; disclassed. 29. Bangkallang Fort; and

30. Samanap Fort, both on Madura Island.

31. Sankapoera Fort, disclassed, on Island Bawean.

The three last may be considered subsidiary to the Port of Soerabaia, in which connection they will be discussed.

The whole of the past and present forts on the mainland of Java have now been touched upon, and the remainder will be discussed in connection with the ports and coast; and they are, especially if the extent of Java is compared with the remaining territory, the most numerous and most important; but the List of 1860 contained fifteen forts of the third and seventy forts of the fourth class, as existing in Sumatra and the outer islands. Since the extended settlement on South and West Borneo, small forts to the number of thirteen have been added to the List; and since the acquisition of Atchin, Kotta Radja, a considerable work, has been added by capture; but, on the other hand, many have been reduced in class or placed in civil hands, to be maintained in repair in case of war, others dis- classed altogether. As the whole of the forts of the outer islands are either close to the coast, on rivers, or of minor importance, they will not be separated from the ports to make a class of interior fortresses; and what it was necessary to say with regard to internal fortifications of the Dutch East Indies may be considered completed. To the reader whose chief interest is in the naval stations, it is necessary to apologize for the length of what is to him merely a preface, by saying that most of the larger forts and camps mentioned are in good road and even railway connection with the principal ports; and the garrisons could within a day or two, in some cases within a few hours, be assembled at the coast. Even if there were no intention to push into the interior of the country on the part of an assailant, they must still affect his calculations.

*C

Principal Ports, with Coaling Stations.

The Regerings Almanak” of the Dutch East Indies gives three different classes of ports, which we shall call first, second, and third-class havens -

1. Havens of general import and export:

Of these there are in Java, north coast, 6; south coast, 1; Sumatra and outer islands, 13.

2. Havens of limited import and general export:

Of these there are in Java, north coast, 10; south coast, 1; Sumatra, &c., 9.

3. Free havens :

There are 13 of these-2, Olen-Leh and Ben-kalis, in Sumatra, the remainder on the small

islands.

It may safely be concluded that the most important places commercially in the above list are those possessing bonded warehouses. If to these be added the Government coaling-stations and Tjilatjap, a first-class haven, important, also, from its defences, this will give us the annexed list :-

Batavia, first-class haven with bonded warehouses. Samarang, first-class haven with bonded warehouses.

Soerabaia, first-class haven with bonded warehouses; Government coaling-station. Cheribon, first-class haven with bonded warehouses.

Tjilatjap, first-class haven.

All the above are in Java.

Telokbetong, south-east extremity of Sumatra, haven of second class, but Government coaling-

station.

Padang, first-class haven with bonded warehouse. Siboga, first-class haven with bonded warehouse.

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Baros, first-class haven with bonded warehouse.

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Singkel, first-class haven with bonded warehouse.

Oleh-Leh, at the northern extremity of Sumatra, is as yet only a third-class haven;

campaign here may be considered as still unfinished.

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Riow, third-class port, but Government coaling-station.

Palembang, a town on a large island some distance up the Moesa River, first-class haven and

Government coaling-station.

Tanjong-Pandan, port of Island of Billiton, second-class haven, but Government coaling-station. Pontianak, Borneo's west coast, a first-class haven and Government coaling-station, a short

distance up the Kapoeas River.

Bandjermassin, Borneo's south division, a first-class haven and Government coaling-station,

some distance up the Barito River.

Menado, third-class haven, but Government coaling-station. Makassar, third-class haven, but Government coaling-station. Amboina, third-class haven, but Government coaling-station. Timor, third-class haven, but Government coaling-station.

In connection with the Government coaling-stations, we propose discussing the coal supply generally of the Dutch East Indies; it is not known what store of coals is kept at each of the stations above named.

The only Government coal-mine is that known as Oranje Nassau, at Pengaron, near Bandjermassin. Several mines have from time to time been worked in this district, but the present total production is from 4,000 to 10,000 tons annually. It is said more workmen and better methods would produce 200 per cent. more.

Coals have been found on the Koetei River. Various attempts have been made by Companies to work them. At present the local Sultan sells the coals to the cruizers. The output is small; a few hundred tons.

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