Speer, William. The Oldest and Newest Empire: China and the United States. Hartford, CT: S.S. Scranton and Co., 1870.
Spence, Jonathan. ��Opium Smoking in Ch��ing China.�� In Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China, edited by Frederic Wakeman, Jr. and Carolyn Grant, pp..143�V73. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1975.
St. Clair, David J. ��California Quicksilver in the Pacific Rim Economy 1850�V90.�� In Studies in the Economic History of the Pacific Rim, edited by Sally M. Miller, A. J. H. Latham, and Dennis O. Flynn, pp. 210�V233. London: Routledge, 1998.
Stewart, Watt. Chinese Bondage in Peru: A History of the Chinese Coolies in Peru 1849�V 1876. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970.
Sturgis, Tim. Rivalry in Canton: The Control of Russell & Co., 1838�V1840 and the Founding of the Augustine Heard & Co. London: The Warren Press, 2006.
Szonyi, Michael. ��Mothers, Sons and Lovers: Fidelity and Frugality in the Overseas Chinese Divided Family Before 1949.�� Journal of Chinese Overseas, vol. 1, no. 1 (2005), pp. 43�V64.
Takaki, Ronald. Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1989.
Tan Boquan�ӧB�v. ��Jiu Jinshan Ningyang Zong Huiguan xin mudi jianjie�� �ª��s�綧�`�|�]�s�Ӧa²�� [On the new cemetery of the Ning Yeung Association of San Francisco]. In Xianggang Taishan Shanghui huikan����x�s�ӷ|�|�Z [Journal of the Taishan Chamber of Commerce of Hong Kong], vol. 7 (1988), n.p.
Tarrant, William, comp. The Hong Kong Almanack and Directory for 1846 with an Appendix. Hong Kong: Offi ce of the China Mail, 1846.
Tate, E. Mowbray. TransPacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation from the Pacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes 1867�V1941. New York: Cornwall Books, 1986.
Tchen, John Kuo Wei. New York Before Chinatown: Orientalism and the Shaping of American Culture 1776�V1882. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
Thompson, Ambrose W. Steamers Between California, China and Japan, with a Map showing All the British Steam Lines. Washington, D.C.[?], 1853?.
Tong, Benson. Unsubmissive Women: Chinese Prostitutes in Nineteenth-century San Francisco. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
Trocki, Carl A. Opium and Empire: Chinese Society in Colonial Singapore, 1800�V1910. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.
Tse, David K., and Gerald J. Gorn. ��An Experiment on the Salience of Country-of-Origin in the Era of Global Brands.�� Journal of International Marketing, vol..1, no. 1 (1993), pp. 57�V76.
Van Dyke, Paul A. The Canton Trade: Life and Enterprise on the Canton Coast, 1700�V 1845. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2005.
Van Tilburg, Hans Konrad. Chinese Junks on the Pacific: Views from a Diff erent Deck. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, 2007.
Wan Jianzhong �U����. Zhongguo lidai zangli������N��§ [Chinese burial rituals through the ages]. Beijing: Beijing tushuguan chubanshe, 1998.
Wang, Gungwu. China and the Chinese Overseas. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 1991.
Wang Tao ����. Taoyuan wenlu waibian�������~�s [Additional essays by Wang Tao]. Beijing, 1959. First published Hong Kong, 1883, 12 juan.
Watson, James L., and Evelyn S. Rawski, eds. Death Rituals in Late Imperial and Modern China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988.
Wenwu Miao Zhengxinlu ��Z�q�x�H�� [The annual account of the Man Mo Temple of Hong Kong]. 1911.
Wesley-Smith, Peter. ��Chinese Consular Representation in British Hong Kong.�� Pacifi c Aff airs, vol. 71, no. 3 (1998), pp. 359�V376.
Whidden, John D. Ocean Life in the Old Sailing-ship Days: From Forecastle to Quarter-deck. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1908.
Williams, David M. ��Bulk Passenger Freight Trades, 1750�V1870.�� In Shipping and Trade, 1750�V1950: Essays in International Maritime Economic History, edited by Lewis R. Fischer and Helge W. Nordvik, pp. 43�V61. Pontefract: Loft house, 1990.
Williams, S. Wells, The Chinese Commercial Guide. Hong Kong: A. Shortrede & Co. 5th ed., preface 1863.
Wu, Chun-Hsi. Dollars, Dependents and Dogma: Overseas Chinese Remittance to Communist China. Stanford, CA: The Hoover Institute of War, Revolution and Peace, 1967.
Wu, Cheng-tsu, ��Chink!�� New York: World Publishing, 1972.
Xianggang Taishan Shanghui huikan ����x�s�ӷ|�|�Z [ Journal of the Taishan Chamber of Commerce of Hong Kong], vol. 7. Hong Kong, 1988.
Ye Hanming (Yip Hon-ming)���~��. Donghua yizhuang yu huanqiu cishan wangluo: Dangan wenxian ziliao de yinzheng yu qishi �F�ظq���P�Ȳy�O�������G�ɮפ��m��ƪ��L�һP�ҥ� [The Tung Wah Coffin Home and global charity network: Evidence and findings from archival materials]. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing, 2009.
Yu, Henry. ��The Intermittent Rhythms of the Cantonese Pacifi c.�� In Connecting Seas and Connected Oceans: Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and China Seas Migrations from the 1830s to the 1930s, edited by Donna R. Garbaccia and Dirk Hoerder, pp. 393�V414. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
Yun, Lisa. ��Under the Hatches: American Coolie Ships and Nineteenth-Century Narratives of the Pacifi c Passage.�� Amerasia Journal, vol. 28, no. 2 (2002), pp. 38�V61.
Yung, Judy. Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995.
Zhang Zhidong �i���}. Zhang Wenxiang Gong quanji�i���������� [Th e complete works of Zhang Zhidong]. 228 juan, 6 volumes. Taibei: Wenhai chubanshe, 1963.
Zhao Chenglin xiansheng aisi lu �ۦ��L���ͫs��� [Volume commemorating the death of Mr Chiu Shing Lam (Chiu Yu Tin)]. Hong Kong, 1923.
Zhao Yutian xiansheng rongshou lu �۫B�Х��ͺa�ؿ� [Volume commemorating Mr Chiu Yu Tin��s 90th birthday]. Hong Kong, 1922.
Zheng Hongtai �G����, and Huang Shaolun (Wong Siu-lun) ���Э�. Xianggang Dalao He Dong ����j�ѡG��F [Hong Kong Elder: Robert Ho Tung]. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing, 2007.
Zhuang Guotu ����g. Zhongguo fengjian zhengfu de Huaqiao zhengce ����ʫجF�����ع��F�� [The policy of the feudalistic Chinese governments toward overseas Chinese]. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press, 1989.
Zhuo Nansheng���n��. Zhongguo jindai baoye fazhan shi 1815�V1874�����N���~�o�i�v1815�V1874 [The development of Chinese newspapers in the modern period 1815�V1874]. Taibei: Zhengzhong shudian, 1998.
Websites
Chung Sai Yat Po (San Francisco), Online Archive of California, http://content.cdlib. org/ark:/13030/hb2z09p000/?order=2&brand=oac.
��Guide to the Frederick William Macondray Letters 1850�V1852,�� Online Archive of California, http://content.cdlib.org/view;jsessionid=oXctXa3u_ FfxlskZ?docId=tf6x0nb1j9&doc.view=entire_text&brand=oac, viewed June 3, 2011.
Jacob P. Leese Papers in California Historical Society, Online Archive of California:
1. Indenture of Awye, Chinaman, http://www.oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ hb587003vc/?brand=oac4, viewed September 25, 2010.
2. Indenture of Atu, Chinaman, http://www.oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ hb6z09n88s/?brand=oac4, viewed September 25, 2010.
3. Indenture of Ahine, Chinaman, http://www.oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/
hb100000v8/?brand=oac4, viewed September 25, 2010.
Kaiping Diaolou, http://www.kaipingdiaolou.com, viewed June 3, 2011.
Kingston, Christopher. ��Marine Insurance in Britain and America, 1720�V1844: A Comparative Institutional Analysis.�� p. 2, http://cniss.wustl.edu/workshoppapers/ KingstonCNISS.pdf, viewed September 7, 2004.
��Paper Sons,�� http://www.usfca.edu/classes/AuthEd/immigration/papersoninfo.htm, viewed June 2, 2009.
People v Hall (1854), http://www.cetel.org/1854_hall.html, viewed May 4, 2011.
��The Ships List,�� http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/china.htm, viewed June 3, 2011.
Wang Shigu ���h��. ��Zui zao de Zhongwen baozhi de chansheng�Xcong Jinshan ri xinlu 140 zhounian tanqi�� �̦���������Ȫ����͡X�q�m���s��s���n140�P�~�Ͱ_ [The birth of the earliest Chinese newspaper�Xthe 140th anniversary of the Jinshan ri xinlu]. Xinwen yu chuanbo yanjiu�s�D�P�Ǽ���s, 1994. 4��. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YANJ404.020.htm, viewed May 4, 2011.
Unpublished Th eses
Cheung, Lucy Tsui Ping. ��The Opium Monopoly in Hong Kong.�� M. Phil. thesis, University of Hong Kong, 1986.
Poon, Pui-ting. ��The Mui Tsai Question in Hong Kong (1901�V1940), with Special Emphasis on the Role of the Po Leung Kuk.�� M. Phil. thesis, University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Qin Yucheng. ��Six Companies Diplomacy: Chinese Merchants and Late Qing Policy Toward Exclusion, 1848�V1911.�� Ph.D. thesis, University of Iowa, 2002.
Index
A. Hing, 107, 108
A. Lubeck & Co., 145 Abrams, Kerry, 224, 248, 261 Act for the Suppression of Chinese
Houses of Ill Fame (California; 1866), 240
Act to Prohibit Coolie Trade (US; 1862), 240�V43, 390n77
Afai, Akwai & Co., 154�V55
Aguirre & Co., 151
Ah Foong, 379n22
Ah Hone, 220
Ah Lo, 220
Ah Mook (Amuk, Amook), 133, 154, 170�V71, 359n138
Ah Toy, 219�V21, 384n4
Ah Tye, Gee, 267, 385n18, 394n6
Ah Tye, Sam, 394n6
Ah Ying, 183
Ainsworth, John C., 361n150
Akbar (ship), 128, 316
Akow (Acow) and Company, 328n40,
379n22 Alaska (ship), 122 Albany Godowns, 37, 332n72 Albatross (ship), 126 Albrecht Oswald (ship), 199 Alcock, Rutherford, 88, 243�V45 Alfr ed (ship), 74, 148 Alfred Borel & Co., 384n96 Alfred the Great (ship), 149 Allen, Charles H., Jr., 371n120 Alsop & Co., 151, 152 Alster (ship), 145, 364n45 Alta California (newspaper), 155, 361n9 America (ship), 121�V22, 129 American Passengers�� Act (1848), 71�V72,
80 American Sugar Trust, 363n32 Americans: and Gold Mountain trade,
143�V53; in Guangzhou, 14, 35�V40;
in Hong Kong, 17, 20, 35�V40 Amherst, Lord, 13 Amity (ship), 95 Anglona (ship), 44 Ann Welsh (ship), 45, 98, 99, 107, 156,
314, 320, 341n64, 342n71 Anna (ship), 95 Anthon, H., 101 Anthon & Co., 101 anti-Chinese movement, US, 51�V53, 59,
82, 337n21, 338n29, 345n111; and
D. H. Bailey, 241�V42, 259�V61; and bone repatriation, 269�V70; protests against, 55�V56, 166�V67, 337n27; and trafficking of women, 239�V40, 263 Arracan (ship), 113
��Arrival of shipload of Chinese women at San Francisco�� (Frank Leslie��s Illustrated Newspaper), 223
Arrow (ship), 278
Asia (ship), 267
Assing, Norman (Yuan Sheng), 55, 154�V55, 220, 331n64, 338n36
Atay, Captain, 348n14
Atmosphere (ship), 350n37
Augusta (ship), 46, 316
Augustine Heard & Co., 35�V36, 100, 113�V15, 123, 126�V29, 153, 170�V72, 339n42, 356n100
Aurora (ship), 98, 115, 161, 165, 316, 319, 342n71, 348n10, 367n76, 368n85, 369n93, 369n99, 375n158
Australia, 9, 45, 73�V74, 234�V35, 305; bone repatriation from, 60, 290, 293; emigration to, 46, 54, 58, 75, 298, 334n2, 342n71, 350n28; gold rush in, 4, 33, 46, 50�V51, 54, 85, 90; and opium trade, 149, 198�V99, 203�V4, 206�V9, 215, 380n48
Australia (ship), 57
Ayook, Asing, and Achung, 156
Bacchantic (ship), 164
Bailey, David H., 210�V11, 219, 233, 241�V43, 245, 249�V51, 390n76; and anti-Chinese movement, 241�V42, 259�V61
Ball, Benjamin Lincoln, 41, 328n40
Balmoral (ship), 57, 95
Ban Hop (Cheang Hong Lim), 206�V8, 381n65
Bangkok, 9, 305
Bank of Western India, 21
banking, 17�V18, 21�V22, 167, 185 Barde, Robert, 93�V94, 135
Baron Renfr ew (ship), 46, 72, 317
Barth, Gunther, 53, 71, 339n42, 397n17
Belgic (ship), 132, 180, 233, 253
Berry, Campbell P., 260�V61
Bigler, John, 55, 331n64, 337n27
Bitter Strength (Barth), 339n42
Black Ball Clipper Line, 116
Black Prince (ship), 171
Black Warrior (ship), 113, 156�V57, 164
Blenkin, Rawson & Co., 18
Block, Frederick H., 349n20
Blue Book (Hong Kong), 321n6
Bokee, W. O., 150
bone repatriation (jianyun), 7�V8, 33, 59�V60, 136, 265�V95, 299�V301, 395n9, 397n19, 403n68; from Australia, 60, 290, 293; from Canada, 60, 290, 404n78; and Chinese culture, 266�V67, 271, 275�V76, 280�V83, 285, 294, 401n42, 404n79; and Chong How Tong/ Kai Shin Tong, 272�V89, 396n15, 399n32; vs. corpse repatriation, 268, 270, 396n14, 398n23; and fi nances, 285�V89, 291, 295, 402n64, 404n75; and in-between places, 265, 275; from Peru, 60, 290�V91, 404n71; and tongxiang associations, 267, 270�V77, 289�V90, 295, 300, 398n24, 399n27, 399n33; and Tung Wah Hospital, 85�V86, 290�V92, 295
Bonham, George, 3, 74�V75, 99
Booker, W. Lane, 58, 340n49
Bosman, Charles H. M., 114�V19, 353n74, 354n84, 355n85
Bosman & Co., 115�V16, 126�V27, 153, 171, 354n80
Boston Jack, 40, 154
Boston Light (ship), 110
Bosworth (ship), 172
Bothwell Castle (ship), 134
Bowring, John, 5, 51, 54, 62
Bradshaw, James, 13
Brand (ship), 338n32
Britain, 46, 149, 175, 321n8, 325n7, 371n127, 372n134, 374n152; and Chinese labor, 15, 50, 73, 237�V38; government of, 73�V74, 88, 222, 235, 237�V38, 244�V45, 259, 386n22; in Hong Kong, 12�V21. See also Hong Kong colonial government
British Columbia. See Canada
Brooks, Charles Wolcott, 237�V38
brothels, 227�V28. See also prostitution
building industry, 23�V24, 45, 141�V42
Burd, John, 101
burial grounds, 283, 405n81
Burlingame Treaty, 248, 397n22
Burnett, Peter H., 166
Bush, Frederick T., 5, 35, 51, 54, 62, 101, 349n20
Bush & Co., 35, 100�V101, 349n20
Bush and Miller company, 349n20
Butterfield & Swire, 146
Caine, William, 74, 79, 230
Caldera (ship), 73, 148�V49
California: Chinese in, 6, 11, 88, 119, 142�V43, 153�V55, 162, 168, 187, 195�V98, 200�V203, 266, 270, 298�V99; gold rush in, 1�V5, 38, 40�V43, 51, 54, 85, 90, 135�V39, 297; government of, 240, 270, 341n65, 345n111; population of, 140; trafficking of women in, 230�V31, 238�V39; US acquisition of, 37. See also San Francisco California trade. See Gold Mountain trade
Canada, 136, 184, 230, 239, 298, 305; bone repatriation from, 60, 290, 404n78; gold rush in, 4, 33, 50, 54, 85, 90; and opium trade, 149, 194, 203, 211�V12, 382n81
Canadian Pacific Railways (steamships line), 136
Canton Insurance Offi ce, 18, 69�V70
Cantonese diaspora, 44, 47-50, 189, 292, 297
Cantonese merchants, 138, 154, 189
Cap-Sing-Moon (ship), 165
cargo trade, 2�V3, 7, 11, 47, 139, 188, 268�V69. See also exports/imports; shipping trade
Caribbean (ship), 110�V12, 117, 181, 340n49
Cary, T. G., 333n79
Cass, John, 198
Central Pacific Railroad, 132
Cha Ming Lai, 155, 165
Challenge (ship), 3, 46, 96, 105, 164, 314, 321n9
��Challenges and Responses�� (Sinn), 399n33
Chan, W. K., 31
Chan Fong Yan, 155, 165
Chan Hung, 161, 165
Chan Kan Hing, 161
Chan Kwai Cheong, 165
Chan Lin-ho, 232
Chan Lock, 55, 154�V55, 164, 184, 369n93, 375n165
Chan Sing Man, 155, 165, 369n99
Chan Tsok Ping, 279�V80, 287, 402n64
Chaozhou people, 33, 50
Chap Sing company, 206, 208, 381n65, 383n95
charitable works, 84�V89, 174, 277, 279�V81, 300, 302
Cheang Hong Lim (Ban Hop), 206�V8, 381n65
Chen Aiting (Chan Ayin, Chen Shanyen, Chen Yan, Chen Xian), 81�V83, 345n108, 345n114
Chen Lanbin, 252, 345n113
Chen Liang shi, 234, 253, 255
Chen Nu, 155
Chen Shutang, 252�V55
Cheong Ahoy, 76, 109�V10, 351n53
Cheong Yum, 366n66
Chi Tak fi rm, 165
Chile, 152, 159
China, 1�V2, 4, 12�V14, 292�V93, 306; and ban on overseas travel, 47, 94�V95, 285; consuls from, 80�V81, 83, 85, 252�V55; and US, 39�V40, 55�V56, 175, 333nn80�V81
China (ship), 121, 126�V29, 133�V34, 379n19
China coast trade, 7, 73, 146, 159�V60, 192, 368n83, 382n82
China Mail (newspaper), 17, 80�V81, 83, 361n9
China Sugar Refinery, 146, 363n32
China Trans-Pacific Steamship Company, 132, 359n130
Chinam, 22�V23
Chinese: in California, 6, 11, 88, 119, 142�V43, 153�V55, 162, 168, 187, 195�V98, 200�V203, 266, 270, 298�V99; in Hong Kong, 22�V34, 45, 167; overseas, 49, 81�V83, 138, 166, 169, 187, 301, 306 ��Chinese emigration to America�� (Harper��s Weekly), 122
Chinese Engineering and Mining Co., 356n108
Chinese Exclusion Act (US; 1882), 4, 51, 134�V35, 179, 214, 224, 261�V63, 270, 289; and Gold Mountain fi rms, 185�V86, 376n172; protests against, 187, 376n174
Chinese Insurance Co., 167
Chinese Passengers�� Act (Britain; 1855), 71, 73, 75�V80, 241, 301, 324n3, 343n90; and passenger loads, 112�V13; and shipping trade, 102�V3; and trafficking of women, 235�V36
Chinnery, George, 33
Chiu Yu Tin, 156�V57, 159�V61, 186�V87, 368n83
Chong How Tong association, 272�V77, 284�V89, 357n119, 396n15, 397n17, 399n32, 402n54; and Kai Shin Tong, 275, 277, 279�V80, 282, 284�V89, 299
Chong Kee (Chang Ji) fi rm, 107
Chong Tai fi rm, 163
Chong Wo firm, 156, 159, 187, 367n76, 368n79, 375n165
Chook Sing, 109
Chui Apoo, 16
Chum Ming, 154, 366n66
Chun Ayee, 67
Chung Sai Yat Po (newspaper), 217
Chy Lung firm, 55, 155, 164, 184, 369n99
citizenship: Chinese, 270; US, 52, 134, 186, 338n29, 360n146, 376n172, 376n174
City of Peking (ship), 125, 168
City of Tokio (ship), 253
Civil Hospital (Hong Kong), 83�V84 Cum Cheong Tai, 170, 199
Clarke, John A., 220
coal, 27, 121, 122, 356n108
��Cohesion and Fragmentation�� (Sinn), 399n33
Cole, Cornelius, 240
Coleman, W. T., 350n37
Colorado (ship), 120�V22
Comet (ship), 355n89
Compton, C. S., 145, 362n21, 364n45
Compton, J. B., 145
Conroy (ship), 56, 71, 95
consular services: Chinese, 80�V81, 83, 85, 252�V55; US, 349n19
Contagious Diseases Ordinance (Hong Kong; 1857), 230
Cook, M. M., 57
coolie trade, 5, 50�V53, 73, 207, 222, 235, 240�V42, 244, 337n21, 390n 77. See also labor, Chinese; slavery
Cornwall (ship), 104, 316, 350n28
Costa Rica (ship), 358n126
Courser (ship), 355n89
Cradduce, Captain, 115
credit arrangements, 18, 21, 41, 52�V53, 152�V53, 183, 193, 337n26; and Russell & Co., 171�V72; and Sultana aff air, 63�V65
Cree, Edward, 19
Cuba, 73, 77�V78, 83, 95, 345nn113�V14; and Chinese labor, 15, 46, 50, 52, 206�V7, 235, 240, 244, 323n18, 336n19
Cui Mei, 273
culture, Chinese: and bone repatriation, 266�V67, 271, 275�V76, 280�V83, 285, 294, 401n42, 404n79; and patriar-chy, 224�V25, 259; and traffi cking of women, 225�V27, 229�V30, 256�V62, 303, 393n117 Cum Cheong Tai firm, 113�V14, 161,
353n67, 353nn70�V71 Curran, Captain, 72, 317 currencies, xvii, 172, 286, 374n148; and
exchange, 18, 21�V22, 140, 167, 171, 176�V78, 299; and Mexican dollar, 21, 111, 171, 176�V78, 327n35, 371n127
Cushing, John P., 36, 39 Customs, San Francisco, 21, 249, 312, 335n18, 369n93, 383n93 Cyane (ship), 146, 148
Dana, Richard, 118 Daniel Ross (ship), 95 Davidson, B., 150�V51 Dawson, William, 104 debt collection, 64�V65, 154, 341n65 ��Declaration of Chinese females who
intend to go to California or any other place in the United States of America,�� 250
Defence (ship), 13 Delano, Warren, Jr., 118 Delbanco, Edward, 354n84 Delgado, James, 37, 93, 152 Dent & Co., 14, 18, 30, 77 Derby (ship), 169 diaspora, Cantonese, 44, 47�V50, 189,
292, 297; Chinese, 8�V10, 62, 83, 169, 189, 265, 292, 299�V301, 306�V7, 406n1
Dikotter, Frank, 193 ��Dining room, Chinese restaurant,�� 162 Dolores Ugarte (ship), 87 Domestic Service Ordinance (Hong
Kong; 1923), 259 Dong Chong Tai fi rm, 163 Dongguan county, 49, 205, 272, 290,
336, 399n27 Douglas (ship), 126 Dragon (ship), 147, 318, 319, 365n52 Drew, Captain, 57 Drinker, Heyl & Co., 35, 44 Drinker, Sandwith, 65�V68 Duddell, George, 29, 203, 334n5 Duke of Northumbria (ship), 46 Duke of Portland (ship), 77�V78 Dutch Indies (Indonesia), 50
Eagle (ship), 38, 139 Early Bird (ship), 201�V2 East Coast, US, 1�V3, 6, 37, 93, 165, 290,
339n42 East India Company, 13, 27, 325n14 Eaton, Mary Anne Winifred, 329n48 economy, global, 1, 93, 137�V38 Eduard (ship), 128 Edwards, Henry F., 115 Edwards & Balley, 150, 169, 199�V202,
361n10 Eitel, E. J., 27, 58, 60, 99, 258�V59,
329n48, 389n54 Elcano (ship), 128 Eldridge, Oliver, 126�V29 Ella Frances (ship), 379n25 Ellen Foster (ship), 57 Ellen Frances (ship), 317, 320 Elliott, Charles, 229 Ellis, Henry Hiram, 233 Elvira (ship), 164, 183 emigrants, 243�V44, 322n17, 339n42;
female, 7�V8, 126�V30, 219�V63; free and voluntary, 50�V54, 88, 338n29, 343n90; returning, 59�V60, 138, 141, 165�V66, 265�V66, 340n54, 370n114, 372n134; welfare of, 80�V83, 85, 88,
91, 185�V87, 305, 403n69
emigration, Chinese, 1, 7, 11, 39, 47�V49, 122, 188, 225; to Australia, 46, 54, 58, 75, 298, 342n71, 350n28; and bone repatriation, 268, 292, 294; and Chinese government, 47, 94�V95, 285; Chinese press on, 80�V83; and Hong Kong, 3�V4, 8�V9, 217�V18, 299�V301, 307; between Hong Kong and San Francisco, 312�V13; and opium trade, 194�V95, 204; to Southeast Asia, 4, 43, 48�V50, 90, 334n2. See also migration; United States
Emma (ship), 109�V10, 317
Empress liners, 136
Empress of China (ship), 35
Enping county, 48�V49, 271, 336
Essex (ship), 46, 317
Euphroayne (ship), 57
Eureka Mill, 182
Europeans, 19, 46, 143�V53, 339n42, 342n71
Eveline (ship), 139
exports/imports, 24, 96, 102�V4, 117, 137�V89, 145�V47; from California, 6, 137�V38, 141, 172�V85; to California, 2, 6, 38, 43, 113, 137�V38, 141�V42, 155�V61, 309�V11, 341n64, 350n37; and Hong Kong domestic products, 146�V47; items of, 138�V39, 140, 156�V57, 159, 309�V11, 367n76. See also Gold Mountain trade; particular commodities
F. A. Palmer (ship), 127 Fairlight (ship), 165 ��Fallen Leaves�� Homecoming�� (Hom),
406n84 Farncomb, Edward, 334n5 fever, 14, 72, 325n11 financiers, 17�V18, 21, 62, 109 Five Companies. See Six (Five)
Companies
flour trade, 144�V45, 175, 181�V85, 188, 375n158, 375n160, 375n165, 375n169
Flying Cloud (ship), 3, 58 Flynn, Dennis O., 321n5 Fook Lung brand (opium), 192, 194, 200,
202, 205, 215, 217 Fook Yum Tong (Fuyintang), 271 Forbes, R. B., 120 Fortitude (ship), 325n14 Fowler, John, 185 Francis, J. J., 235 Frank Leslie��s Illustrated Newspaper, 223 Frederick IV (ship), 110 Freja (ship), 154 Friedlander, Isaac, 182 Friend of China, Th e (newspaper), 17, 77 Frost, Dennis, 321n5 Fujianese people, 33, 50 Fung Nam Pak, 168 Fung Pak, 166, 168 Fung Tang, 133, 163, 166�V68, 183, 199,
301, 369n101, 370n105, 370n109 Fung Tang Kee fi rm, 168 Fung Yuen Sau, 163 Fuxing Gongsi fi rm, 387n9
Gaelic (ship), 132, 208, 254 Galatea (ship), 375n165 Galley of Lorne (ship), 132 Galveston (ship), 129 gambling, 88�V89, 111 Garnett, Porter, 176
Gazelle (ship), 58
Geary Act (US; 1892), 134
Gellert (ship), 46, 315
Gibb, Livingston company, 77
Gillespie, Archibald Hamilton, 37
Gillespie, Charles V., 37�V38, 40, 139
Gilman company, 77
gold, 21, 139, 141, 176, 321n5
gold dust, 362n22
Gold Mountain guild, 160, 162, 168, 186, 279
Gold Mountain sojourner (gum saan haak), 188, 298�V300
Gold Mountain trade, 6�V7, 45, 85, 114, 137�V89, 298, 323n23; and California exports, 172�V85; and Chinese merchants, 153�V70; and Chinese/non-Chinese collaboration, 169�V72, 371n120; and European and US firms, 143�V53; and invest-ment, 137�V39, 143, 150�V51, 154, 159, 167, 172�V75, 181, 188, 370n105; and Jardine, Matheson & Co., 143�V50, 169�V70, 176, 362n21, 363n33, 364n45; and merchant mobility, 164�V69; and Nam Pak trade, 186�V88. See also exports/ imports
Gold Mountain traders (jinshan zhuang), 33, 85
gold rush: in Australia, 4, 33, 46, 50�V51, 54, 85, 90; in California, 1�V5, 38, 40�V44, 51, 54, 85, 90, 135�V39, 297; in Canada, 4, 33, 50, 54, 85, 90; in New Zealand, 4, 33, 50, 54, 60, 90; in US, 4, 33, 90
Golden Fleece (ship), 375n165
Golden Gate (ship), 46
Golden Gate Mills, 183
Golden Horn (ship), 126
Goodale, Sam P., 172, 350n37
Goulding, C. N., 241, 243
Graf von Hoogendorp (ship), 114, 353n72 granite, 142, 147�V48
Grant, Ulysses S., 248
Gray, Giles H., 249�V50
Great Republic (ship), 121�V22, 126�V27, 129
Griffi ths, Captain, 97
Guan Qiaochang (Lamqua), 33
Guangzhou, 14, 17�V20, 30�V33, 35�V40, 79, 212, 291�V92, 297; merchants of, 12, 21�V23, 27�V28, 30, 45, 64, 95, 105, 139, 146, 153�V55, 328n40; and trafficking of women, 231�V33, 244, 386n23
guilds, trade, 24, 30, 85, 329n42; Gold Mountain, 160, 162, 168, 186, 279; Nam Pak Hong, 160
gum saan haak (Gold Mountain sojourner), 188, 298�V300
Gyory, Andrew, 242
Hakka people, 49
Hamilton (ship), 31, 107�V8, 350n39
Hamilton, Gary, 401n41
Hannibal (ship), 318, 320
Harper��s Weekly, 60, 122
Hastings, Samuel J., 38
Hawaii, 17, 36, 139, 143, 159, 297
Heard, Augustine, 36. See also Augustine Heard & Co.
��Heathen Chinee, prospecting. Calif., Year 1852�� (Muybridge), 44
Helvetia (ship), 127
Hennessy, John Pope, 257�V59, 329n48
Henrietta (ship), 314, 338n32, 375n158 Heshan county, 49
Heyl, William, 44
Hicks Act (US), 397n22
Hillier, J. W., 74
Hip Kay (Yan Wo) association, 49
Hip-Yee Tong, 385n8
Hirata, Lucy Cheng, 385n8
��History of Regional Associations in Pre-war Hong Kong�� (Sinn), 399n33
Ho Ping-ti, 399n33
Ho Tung, Robert, 353n74
Hoffman, Judge, 397n22
Holdforth, Charles Gordon, 45, 334n5
Hom, Marlon, 406n84
Hong Kong colonial government, 7�V8, 16, 29, 78, 167, 303, 313; and Chinese merchants, 7, 218, 299; and opium trade, 191, 195, 203�V6, 208�V11, 382n79; and traffi cking of women, 229�V30, 235�V37, 241, 244�V52, 257�V60, 262, 391n85
Hong Kong port: development of, 7, 11�V41, 16�V22, 135, 217�V18, 324n6; as entrepot, 11, 24�V25, 43, 90, 135�V38, 160, 185, 206, 208, 297�V99, 305; free and open status of, 12, 13, 33, 91, 94, 204, 302; safety of, 5, 17, 76, 78, 91, 302; and steamships, 121
Hongkong, Canton and Macao Steamboat Company, 32, 330n56, 330n59
Hongkong Daily Press, 106 Hongkong Register (newspaper), 17,
361n9
Hoon Shing firm, 161, 368n85
Hop Li fi rm, 206
Hop Lung brand (opium), 200, 205 Hop Wo association, 49, 335n18 Hop Yik fi rm, 206 Hospodar (ship), 97 households, transnational, 59, 224�V25 Howell, Augustus, 144, 150 Howland & Aspinwall, 37 Howqua (Wu Bingjian), 39, 333n80 Huazi ribao (newspaper), 82 huiguan. See native-place associations Hunt, Michael, 36, 349n19 Hunter, William, 39, 40
I Cheong Ching fi rm, 167 Idaho, 4, 90 immigration. See under United States Immigration at the Golden Gate (Barde),
93 Imperial (ship), 116, 354n83 Imperial Passengers�� Act (Britain; 1853),
73�V75, 80, 342n85 imports. See exports/imports in-between places, 9, 62, 83, 91, 136, 169,
295, 304�V7, 323n24; and bone repa-triation, 265, 275; as second homes, 138, 166, 301
India, 1�V2, 17, 20�V21, 121, 146, 179, 298, 325n14, 334n2; and opium trade, 142, 149, 191�V92, 383n89
information networks, 11, 21, 40, 89, 140�V41, 144�V46, 154, 202, 301, 361nn9�V10, 362n17
Inglis, A. L., 44, 334n4 insurance, 18, 69�V70, 102, 162�V63, 178 interpreters, 34, 331n64 investment, 6, 8, 47, 52, 54, 64�V65, 198,
305�V6; and Chong How Tong/ Kai Shin Tong, 285�V88, 299; and Gold Mountain trade, 137�V39, 143, 150�V51, 154, 159, 167, 172�V75, 181, 188, 370n105; and land, 29, 110, 286�V87; and shipping trade, 94, 109, 132; and traffi cking of women, 226, 230
Iowa (ship), 46, 315
I-tsz (public ancestral hall), 32, 84, 279
J. L. Dimmock (ship), 128 James Stephenson & Co., 106, 198 Jamestown (ship), 379n22 Jamieson, How & Co., 104 Janet Willis (ship), 106 Japan, 85, 117, 120, 131, 136, 146, 155,
185, 334n2; and bone repatriation, 290, 292; and invasion of China, 292, 306; and traffi cking of women, 247, 248
Japan (ship), 121, 126, 128�V29, 133
Jardine, David, 143
Jardine, Joseph, 143
Jardine, Matheson & Co., 14, 17�V18, 30, 40, 77, 104, 171, 181, 361n10; and Gold Mountain trade, 143�V50, 169�V70, 176, 362n21, 363n33, 364n45; and opium trade, 149�V50, 198�V99, 201, 208, 379n26, 382n79; and shipping trade, 100, 110�V12, 115�V16, 120, 354n80
Jewess (ship), 129
jianyun. See bone repatriation
jinshan zhuang (Gold Mountain traders),
33, 85 John Burd & Co., 100�V102 John Calvin (ship), 77�V79 John Mayo (ship), 105 Jones, S. L., 167, 180 Julia (ship), 43
Kai Shin Tong association, 33, 277�V89, 290, 402n49, 404n78; and Chong How Tong, 275, 277, 279�V80, 282, 284�V89, 299
Kaiping county, 48�V49, 271, 330n56, 336
Kaiping mines, 356n108
Kam Ty Lee (ship), 99, 348n14
Kamesa H. Ahmed, 62�V63, 68�V69
Kane, H. H., 379n27
Kelso (ship), 45, 58
Kennedy, Arthur, 88, 205, 245
kidnapping, 233, 235, 243�V48, 253�V59,
302. See also traffi cking of women Kim Seng & Co., 382n82 King, T. H., 390n76 King Lear (ship), 115 Knudsen, Captain, 99 Koh Cheng Sean, 211, 215, 382n83 Kong Chau association, 49, 335n18 Koo Ahee, 68 Koopmanschap, Cornelius, 114�V18, 353n72, 354n84 Koopmanschap & Bosman Co., 114�V15, 353n75 Koopmanschap & Co., 115�V16, 123�V24, 126�V27, 153 Kowloon Peninsula, 13, 142, 325n7 Kruyenhagen, J., 150 Kuhn, Philip, 59, 136, 174, 291, 305 Kum Sing Lung, 161 Kwang Lee Hong firm, 105, 139 Kwang tye-loi, 67�V69, 341n66 Kwok Acheong, 31�V32, 277�V78, 281, 330n59 Kwok Asing, 87, 244�V45 Kwok Chuen, 370n114 Kwok Lock, 370n114 Kwong Chong Loong, 199 Kwong Lun Tai fi rm, 163
Kwong Mou Tai firm, 159, 187 Kwong Yuen firm, 156, 330n56 Kwong Yuen Tim Kee fi rm, 156
labor, Chinese, 5, 14�V15, 38, 147, 240�V43, 364n37, 390n77; and bone repatriation, 59, 268; and Chinese Passengers�� Act, 71, 73, 75�V80, 241, 301, 343n90; and Cuba, 15, 46, 50, 52, 206�V7, 235, 240, 244, 323n18, 336n19; and Exclusion Act, 134, 261, 263; free vs. bonded, 50�V53; and Macao, 78, 302, 325n14; and Peru, 15, 46, 50, 52, 95, 206�V7, 235, 366n58; and US railroads, 4, 58�V60, 90, 117, 134, 268
Labouchere, Henri, 230
Lady Eveline (ship), 201
Lai Hing & Co., 111, 136, 161, 181, 352n61
Lai Hing Lung firm, 111, 162
Lai Loong shop, 353n70
Lai Yuen brand (opium), 192�V94, 200, 202, 205, 215, 217
Lamqua (Guan Qiaochang), 33
Land o�� Cakes (ship), 96, 98, 314, 318, 347n9
Lane, George E., 123
Lanrick (ship), 145
Lapraik, Douglas, 198, 202
Larkin, Thomas, 38, 139, 332n74
Latham, A. J. H., 321n5
Lau, Estelle T., 376n174
Lawrence, James, 28
Lebanon (ship), 57
Lee Chik, 353n67, 353n70
Lee Kan, 34
Lee Keng Yam, 211, 382n82
Lee Kwai Kin, 231 Lee Ping, 199, 353n67 Lee Tuck Cheong. See Li Tak Cheong Lee Yu Chow, 181, 374n157 Leese, Jacob P., 52, 139 legal system, Hong Kong, 79, 109,
328n38 Leonides (ship), 340n49 Levant (ship), 76 Li Chit, 111, 161�V62, 181, 352n60,
352n63, 374n157 Li Leong (Li Danlian), 33, 110�V11,
331nn61�V62, 352n63 Li Shing, 234 Li Sing, 33, 86, 110�V11, 118, 161�V62,
181, 331n62, 352n61, 352n63, 374n157 Li Tak Cheong (Lee Tuck Cheong), 162,
205, 208, 381n66, 352n63 Li Yu Bik, 162 lianhao (associated firms), 138, 154,
157�V58, 352n62 Libertad (ship), 70�V72, 109, 342n76 Lightning (ship), 338n32 Linda (ship), 95 Lintin (ship), 38 Liu Yu shi, 233�V34, 253, 255, 388n45 Lloyd��s insurance market, 18 London (ship), 369n93, 379n22 London and Hong Kong Herald, 350n36 London and San Francisco Bank, 171�V72 London Missionary Society, 80 Loomis, A. W., 49, 335n18 Lord Hungerford (ship), 139 Lord of the Isles (ship), 134, 359n140 Lord Warriston (ship), 105, 156, 197,
368n85, 369n93 Lord Western (ship), 103, 317 Lorenz (ship), 368n85 Loring, H. Sheldon, 251�V52, 390n76 Louisa Kohn (ship), 375n165 Luk Sin, 234 Lund, Captain, 109 Lyall, George, 79 Lyall, Still & Co., 77, 79 Lydon, Sandy, 99
Ma Ying-piu, 370n114
Macao, 20, 36�V37, 48�V49, 94�V95, 139, 153, 294, 322n16, 382n78; and Chinese labor, 78, 302, 325n14; vs. Hong Kong, 12�V15; and opium trade, 149, 205�V8, 210�V12, 214�V15, 217�V18; and traffi cking of women, 235, 244�V46
Macao Wosung Restaurant, 55
Macdonnell, Richard Graves, 83�V84, 86, 236�V37, 244�V45
Macondray, Frederick William, 36, 38�V39, 117�V18, 333n79
Macondray, Frederick William, Jr., 117�V19, 131�V33, 166, 177, 355n95, 356n100, 359n130, 374n150
Macondray & Co., 36, 111�V12, 140, 171�V72, 333n79, 358n124; and opium trade, 213�V14, 379n25, 384n96; and shipping trade, 39, 117�V19, 124, 126�V29, 130�V34, 355n89, 356n100
Macpherson, A. W., 145
mail delivery, 20, 120�V22, 124
Making of a Special Relationship, Th e (Hunt), 349n19
Malay (ship), 128
Man Mo Temple, 404n79
Man On Insurance Co., 163
Man Wo Fung brand (opium), 207
Man Wo Fung fi rm, 353n71
Margaretta (ship), 156, 338n36, 355n89 Markwick, Charles, 334n5 Marmion (ship), 164, 397n17 Martin, Robert Montgomery, 15�V16, 22,
326n17 Marvin, Captain, 44 Mary (ship), 128 Mary Bannatyne (ship), 144 Mary Frances (ship), 140 Mary Whitridge (ship), 201 Massachusetts, 39 Masters, Frederick, 212�V14, 383n89 Mastiff (ship), 110 Mathieson, Alexander, 29, 203 May, Charles, 228 Mazumdar, Sucheta, 225 McConnell, W. H., 44 McCormick, Captain, 109�V10 McKeown, Adam, 53, 224, 225 McLane, Allan, 121, 358n126 Medhurst, Walter H., 80 medicine, 73, 75, 78�V79, 83�V85, 89, 103,
235�V36, 343n90; opium as, 193,
195�V96, 383n89 Melbourne, 305 merchants, Chinese, 153�V70, 182�V84,
357n120, 371n127; in California, 153�V55; of Guangzhou, 12, 30, 45, 95, 105, 139, 146; in Hong Kong, 23�V24, 28�V29, 155�V63, 301, 328n41; and Hong Kong govern-ment, 7, 218, 299; and opium trade, 114, 198�V99, 204�V6, 208, 211, 213�V14, 218, 353n71, 379n27, 381n66; and shipping trade, 106�V14, 348n15
Mexican dollar, 21, 111, 171, 176�V78,
327n35, 371n127 Mexico, 1, 36�V38, 144, 176, 362n21 Meyer, Captain, 56, 71 Meyers, Schaeffer & Co., 102, 114 Midnight (ship), 165, 170, 183, 375n165 migration: Cantonese, 44, 47�V50, 292,
297; circular, 9, 60, 224, 265; between Hong Kong and San Francisco, 312�V13; as ��in-migration,�� 291; movements of, 1�V4, 43, 90, 307, 334n2; as process, 9, 62, 307. See also emigration, Chinese
Min Yuen Tong association, 289�V90,
403n67 Ming Kee Company, 165 Ming Tak Bank, 165 Minturn, J., 333n79 Mohammed Shah (ship), 198 Mooresfort (ship), 340n49 Morrison Education Society School, 34 Mosby, John S., 210, 243, 252�V56,
383n95 Moselle (ship), 201 Mott Talbot & Co., 362n21 Mou Kee, 107�V8 mui tsai (bonded domestic servants),
226, 229, 235, 243, 247, 387n31,
393n126 Mungen, William, 242 Munn, Christopher, 191�V92, 277, 377n2 Murietta & Co., 366n58 Murrow, Stephenson & Co., 69, 102, 105,
150, 350n34 Murrow, Yorick J., 104�V6, 139, 350n36 Murrow & Co., 104 Muybridge, Eadweard, 44 Myanmar, 290
Nam Pak Hong (south-north traders) guild, 160 Nam Pak (south-north) trade, 2, 33, 85, 159, 186�V88, 298
Nanhai county, 48�V49, 153, 156, 271, 336
National Eagle (ship), 127
native-place associations (huiguan; tongxiang), 49�V50, 55, 64, 154, 303, 335n18, 341n65, 401n41; and jianyun, 85, 267, 270�V77, 289�V90, 295, 300, 398n24, 399n27, 399n33. See also particular associations
Navy, Royal (British), 14, 16�V17, 31�V32
NB Palmer (ship), 355n89
networks, 299, 305; and bone repatria-tion, 270, 272, 280, 290; com-mercial, 3, 6, 11, 36�V37, 40, 89, 94, 108, 113�V14, 121, 136, 138, 154, 158�V59, 163�V64, 169�V70, 183, 187�V89, 199�V200; information, 11, 21, 40, 89, 140�V41, 144�V46, 154, 202, 301, 361nn9�V10, 362n17; social, 89, 113, 164, 270, 272, 280, 290; and traffi cking of women, 231�V35, 239
Nevada, 4, 90
New Oriental Bank, 167
New Territories, 13, 325n7
New York, 321n8
New Zealand, 4, 33, 50, 54, 60, 85, 90, 203, 298
Newby, Richard, 199 newspapers, Chinese, 5, 217, 304, 369n92. See also press, Chinese; particular publications
Ng A Fo, 232
Nicolay Nicolayson (ship), 45, 315
Nightingale (ship), 129
Nile (ship), 145, 318
Ning Yeung association, 49, 65, 293�V94, North Carolina (ship), 58, 98, 164, 314, 318, 348n10, 369n93
North Star (ship), 129
Notos (ship), 169
Nouvelle Penelope (ship), 87
Nye, Parkin & Co., 152
Occidental and Oriental Steamship Co. (O&O), 132�V33, 136
Ocean Queen (ship), 95, 319, 365n52
Oceanic (ship), 132
Ohio (ship), 95
Old Dominion (ship), 127
Olyphant & Co., 126, 143, 154
On Tai Insurance Co., 162�V63, 352n63
Onyx (ship), 342n71
opera troupes, Cantonese, 55, 143
opium, 7, 191�V218; advertisement of, 194, 213, 215�V17, 378n9; cost of, 202, 215�V16, 380n45; Fook Lung brand, 192, 194, 200, 202, 205, 215, 217; Hong Kong consumption of, 192, 195, 326n17, 380n48; Hong Kong prepared, 188, 193�V94, 203, 210�V12, 215�V16, 218, 299; Hop Lung brand, 200, 205; Indian, 142, 149, 191�V92, 383n89; Lai Yuen brand, 192�V94, 200, 202, 205, 215, 217; Man Wo Fung brand, 207; as medicine, 193, 195�V96, 383n89; packaging of, 198, 200, 379n22, 379n37, 380n38; Ping Kee brand, 150, 200, 205; raw, 192�V93, 198�V99, 218, 379n19, 379n26; smoking of, 192�V93, 195�V98, 377n6, 380n46; social roles of, 193, 195�V97, 217�V18, 377n6; Wa Hing brand, 200, 205
406n84 opium trade, 4, 17�V20, 28�V29, 35�V36, Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK), 136 142�V43, 169�V70, 191�V218,
364n45, 377n2; and Australia, 149, 198�V99, 203�V4, 206�V9, 215, 380n48; and California Chinese, 195�V98, 200, 202�V3; and Canada, 149, 194, 203, 211�V12, 382n81; and Chinese emigration, 194�V95, 204; and Chinese merchants, 114, 198�V99, 204�V6, 208, 211, 213�V14, 218, 353n71, 379n27, 381n66; and Hong Kong government, 191, 195, 203�V6, 208�V11, 382n79; and Jardine, Matheson & Co., 149�V50, 198�V99, 201, 208, 379n26, 382n79; and licensing system, 203, 205, 209; and Macao, 149, 205�V8, 210�V12, 214�V15, 217�V18; and Macondray & Co., 213�V14, 379n25, 384n96; in North America, 382n81; and opium farms, 203�V15, 381n65, 382n82; and smuggling, 197�V98, 212, 214, 379n19, 383n93; and Southeast Asia, 382n82; and supply and demand, 200�V202, 211�V12; and US, 212�V16, 383n89, 383n95
Opium wars, 12, 14, 47, 278
Oracle (ship), 183, 375n165
Oregon, 90, 134, 136, 182, 184
Oriental, Th e (newspaper), 34, 89, 155
Oriental Bank, 21, 167
Oseola (ship), 315, 355n89
Otis, James, 39, 374n150
Pacific Mail Steamship Company (PMSSC), 60, 100, 120�V34, 136, 184, 357n120, 358n124; and China Trans-Pacific Steamship Company, 359n130; crews of, 358n126; and passenger trade, 122�V30; receipts of, 124; ships of, 357n111 Pacific Rim trading zone, 152, 159, 184, 332n73
Pacific trade, 1�V2, 9, 17�V18, 36, 93, 97�V98, 135�V38, 297, 321n5. See also transpacifi c corridors
Page, Horace F., 248
Page Law (US; 1875), 224, 248�V55
Palmer, Julius A., Jr., 183
Palmetto (ship), 347n4
Panama, 159, 290
Pang Ui-shang, 228
Panyu county, 48�V49, 271�V77, 280�V84, 286�V89, 292, 336
��paper sons,�� 186, 360n146, 376n172, 376n174
Parrott, John, 120, 147
Parrott & Co., 133
Parrott Building (San Francisco Savings Union), 148, 364n37
Parsee (ship), 127, 165, 183, 375n165
passenger trade, 3�V4, 24, 43�V91, 47, 99�V102, 135, 187, 214, 347n3, 351n46; California to Hong Kong, 58�V59; Hong Kong to San Francisco, 314�V20; and Pacifi c Mail, 122�V30; and passage costs, 125, 357n119, 397n17; and passenger comfort, 56�V58, 122�V23; and passenger loads, 46, 70�V72, 112, 126�V30, 314�V20, 324n3, 342n85, 347n4, 347n9; regulation of, 71�V72, 73�V80, 342n85, 343n90; risks of, 70�V73, 131, 342n71, 342n76. See also Chinese Passengers�� Act; ship-ping trade
Pathfi nder (ship), 148, 320
Pearl River Delta, 35�V36, 48�V49, 95, 189
Pedder, William, 16
Peffer, George, 224 Pekin (ship), 126 Penang, 208, 210�V12, 214, 325n14 Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation
Company (P&O), 20, 32, 277,
330n56 People v. Hall, 345n111 Pera (ship), 46, 316, 320 Perkins & Co., 36 Persia (ship), 57 Peru, 58, 78, 83, 152, 159, 373n139;
and bone repatriation, 60, 290�V91, 404n71; and Chinese labor, 15, 46, 50, 52, 95, 206�V7, 235, 366n58. See also Tonghui Zongju
Peyton, Bernard, 147 Philippines, 146, 151�V52 Philippo, G., 393n117 Piening, Captain, 145 Ping Kee brand (opium), 150, 200, 205 piracy, 14, 16�V17, 72�V73, 149, 278 Playfair, H. G., 217 PMSSC. See Pacific Mail Steamship
Company Polynesian, Th e (newspaper), 40 Portland, Oregon, 134, 136, 182, 184 Portland and Asiatic Steamship Co., 184 Portland Flour Mill Co., 184 Portugal, 13, 17 Potomac (ship), 107�V8, 351n43, 351n46 Pottinger, Henry, 14, 16, 138 Preble (ship), 40 press, Chinese, 5, 17, 21, 80�V83, 91, 217,
303�V4, 361n9, 369n92 procuring rings, 221, 385n7 prostitution, 28, 79, 85, 88�V89, 357n120,
386n24, 388n38; Ah Toy and, 219�V21; and Chinese policy, 252�V54; in Hong Kong, 227�V30, 237; regulation of, 247, 253�V62; in San Francisco, 243; and US policy, 240, 248�V52. See also traffi cking of women
qiaohui (money remitted home by Chinese overseas), 6, 163, 173�V75, 177, 179, 185, 369n92
Qing Dynasty, 13, 22, 83 Qiribao (Zhongwai xinwen qiribao; news-
paper), 80�V82 Quan Kai, 184 quicksilver, 112, 159, 175, 179�V81,
374n154 Quong Ying Kee fi rm, 183 Quong Yue Loong, 171 Quong Yune, 156
Race Horse (ship), 265 Race Hound (ship), 45 racism. See anti-Chinese movement, US railroads, US, 6, 120, 132; and Chinese
labor, 4, 58�V60, 90, 117, 134, 268 Rajasthan (ship), 315, 355n89 Raleigh (ship), 201 Rawle, Drinker & Co., 63, 66�V70, 100 Rawle, Duus & Co., 35
Record of the Coffin Repatriation of the Chong How Tong of California, 284�V85, 402n54
Regina (ship), 58 dos Remedios, J.J., 198, 379n25 remittances. See qiaohui ��Report of the Joint Special Committee
to Investigate Chinese Immigration�� (US Congress), 312, 335n18, 340n54
Rhone (ship), 44, 105 Rice, Captain, 67, 69
rice trade, 111, 114, 143, 151, 352n60, 365nn51�V52
Richard and William (ship), 44, 139
Robert Passenger (ship), 169, 199
Robert Small (ship), 147, 315
Robertson, Captain, 57
Robinet, William M., 56�V57, 70�V71, 150�V53, 339n42, 362n17, 364n46, 366n58
Robinet & Co., 171
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 134
Rose of Marne (ship), 201
Rose of Sharon (ship), 114, 353n72
Rowe, Bill, 401n41
Russell, James, 209, 213, 215, 381n67
Russell & Co., 14, 35�V39, 44, 123, 143, 333n80, 349n19, 359n136; and credit arrangements, 171�V72; and Gold Mountain trade, 152�V53; and shipping trade, 110�V12, 114, 118�V20, 126�V29, 131�V32, 355n95, 356n100
Russia, 184�V85, 334n2
Ryberg, Charles G., 113�V14, 133, 166, 170, 371n120, 375n165
Sam Yup Association, 48�V49, 271�V72, 288�V89, 335n18
sampans, 26, 329n44
San Francisco: Chinese stores in, 157�V58; as in-between place, 9, 305; popula-tion, 1; prostitution in, 243; and relations with Hong Kong, 3, 108�V9, 136, 298; ships to, 45�V47, 95, 98, 126�V29, 314�V20, 348n10; traffi ck-ing of women in, 238�V39; women in, 222�V24, 227�V28. See also California
San Francisco Chronicle, 366n66
San Francisco Prices Current (circular), 140 ��San Francisco Savings Union (Parrott
Building),�� 148 Sandwich Islands. See Hawaii Sanshui Association, 403n68 Sarah Hooper (ship), 316, 319 Sarah March (ship), 128 Sawyer, Judge, 397n22 scheduled passages, 60, 105�V6, 116,
119�V22, 130�V33 Schwendinger, Robert, 71 Scudder, E., 57 Seaman, Vernon, 126 Seattle, Washington, 136 Select Committee on Commercial
Relations with China (Br.), 16 Seward, F. W., 254�V56 Shadwell, Charles, 72 Shanghai, 4, 14, 20, 34�V35, 49, 94, 155,
177, 207�V8, 259 Shannon, T. B., 253 Shantou, 4, 94, 322n16�V17 Shen Pao (newspaper), 365n52 Sheung On Fire Insurance Co., 352n63 Shillaber, Th eodore, 144 shipping trade, 5�V6, 12, 18�V21, 23�V24,
46, 93�V136; and chartering, 96, 103�V5, 110�V14; Chinese in, 106�V14, 348n15; and Exclusion Act, 134�V35; and investment, 94, 109, 132; and Jardine, Matheson & Co., 100, 110�V12, 115�V16, 120, 354n80; and Macondray & Co., 39, 117�V19, 124, 126�V29, 130�V34, 355n89, 356n100; and Russell & Co., 110�V12, 114, 118�V20, 126�V29, 131�V32, 355n95, 356n100; and scheduled vessels, 105�V6, 116, 119�V22, 130�V33; and shipbuilding, 19, 27, 100, 107, 348n15, 357n111; and shipping agents, 102�V4; and Southeast Asia, 110�V11, 114�V15, 136, 142, 159, 184; and Wo Hang firm, 110�V14, 117�V19. See also cargo trade; passenger trade
ships: Chinese, 99�V100, 107�V8; crews of, 20�V21, 28, 100, 103, 131, 169, 358n126; Hong Kong to San Francisco, 45�V47, 126�V29, 314�V20; and passage duration, 2�V3, 96, 98, 314�V20, 321nn8�V9, 343n90, 348n10; sailing vs. steam, 94, 125�V30; steam, 27, 94, 102�V3, 119�V34, 136, 350n32, 357n111; tramp, 96. See also particular vessels
Shirley (ship), 126
Shunde county, 48�V49, 271, 289�V90, 336, 403n67
Sia Loong shop, 109
silver, 21, 90, 144, 175�V79, 321n5
Sincere Company, 370n114
Sing Kee, 161, 180
Singapore, 9, 34, 206, 211, 234�V35, 305, 382n82
Sir Edward Ryan (ship), 139
Sir George Pollock (ship), 46, 315, 319
Six (Five) Companies, 64, 130, 132, 271, 336n18, 341n65
Slate, Captain, 57
slavery, 7�V8, 219, 222, 242, 257, 325n14, 394n127. See also labor, Chinese; traffi cking of women
Smale, John, 87, 229, 237, 244�V47, 256�V58, 260, 263, 303
Smith, Carl, 110
Smith, Eugene Waldo, 347n3
smuggling, 134, 291�V92; and opium trade, 197�V98, 212, 214, 379n19, 383n93; and traffi cking of women, 233, 251
Sobraon (ship), 46, 317
social factors, 19, 30�V31, 281, 301, 326n28, 401n41; and bone repa-triation, 284�V85, 288, 295; and networks, 89, 113, 164, 270, 272, 280, 290; and opium, 193, 195�V97, 217�V18, 377n6
Sophia (ship), 95
Soule, Frank, 220
South America, 48, 50, 137, 144, 152, 159, 298
South Cross (ship), 153
Southeast Asia, 12, 33, 36�V37, 85, 166, 173, 297�V99, 322n17, 323n18; and bone repatriation, 60; emigration to, 4, 43, 48�V50, 90, 334n2; and opium trade, 382n82; and shipping trade, 1�V2, 110�V11, 114�V15, 136, 142, 159, 184. See also particular countries
Speedwell (ship), 116
Speer, William, 166, 266�V67, 398n24, 399n27
Stahel, Julius, 255�V56, 389n55, 390n75, 390n77
Stephen Baldwin (ship), 105
Stephenson, James, 105�V6, 150, 350n37
Stone, E. L., 108
sugar trade, 143, 145�V46, 150�V51, 311, 350n37
Sugihara, Kaoru, 322n17
Sultana (ship), 61�V70
Sun Yee Company, 206, 208, 381n65
Sunny South (ship), 59, 265, 271
Surprise (ship), 355n89
Swallow (ship), 55 Sydney, 9, 305 Sze Yup Association, 48, 271, 335n18 Szonyi, Michael, 225
Ta Tung Yat Po (newspaper), 217 Tacoma, Washington, 184 Tai Cheong shop, 234 Taikoo Sugar Refi nery, 146 Taishan (Xinning) county, 48�V49, 65,
231, 271, 293
Tam Achoy, 31�V32, 63�V67, 84, 107�V9, 155�V56, 279, 330n56, 350n39, 351n49
Tam Ahnee, 64, 107�V8, 156 Tam Choie, 351n49 Tam Yuk Shan, 353n67, 353n71 Tan Boquan, 294 Tanka, 24�V28, 32�V33, 277 Tarrant, William, 328n38, 351n53 Ternate (ship), 45, 314 Thailand (Siam), 9, 50, 290, 293, 305 Th etis (ship), 198 Thomsett, H. G., 236 Time (ship), 71 Titan (ship), 182 Todd Naylor & Co., 366n58 Ton Kee, 107 Tong, Benson, 221, 249�V51, 385n7 Tong Achick (Tang Maozhi), 34, 146,
331n64, 337n27 Tong King-sing, 146 Tong Tuck & Co., 170 tongxiang. See
native-place associations Tonnochy, M. S., 246 Toyo Kisen Kaisha (TKK), 136, 184 trafficking of women, 219�V63, 385n8;
and anti-Chinese movement, 239�V40, 263; in California, 230�V31, 238�V39; and Chinese culture, 225�V27, 229�V30, 256�V62, 303, 393n117; and Chinese Passengers�� Act, 235�V36; and Guangzhou, 231�V33, 244, 386n23; in Hong Kong, 227�V30; and Hong Kong government, 229�V30, 235�V37, 241, 244�V52, 257�V60, 262, 391n85; net-works of, 231�V35, 239; regulation of, 236�V37, 240�V62, 389nn54�V55, 390nn75�V77, 393n126; and smug-gling, 233, 251; and Tung Wah Hospital Committee, 245�V47, 249�V52, 254�V57, 391n85. See also slavery
transpacific corridors, 9, 59, 136, 138, 154, 159, 163, 168, 188�V89, 268, 305�V7
Trans-Pacific Passenger Shipping (Smith), 347n3
treasure, export of, 164�V65, 175�V79, 373nn138�V39, 374n152. See also gold; Gold Mountain trade; silver
Treaty of Nanjing, 12
Trinidad, 325n14
Troubadour (ship), 161, 318, 320
Tsoi-kam, 234
Tsui Hang On, 184
Tsun Tak Wing California Goods, 279, 287
Tuck Chong & Co., 163
Tuck Kee, 171
Tun Wo firm, 22, 368n85
Tung Cheong, 368n85
Tung Lee, 379n22
Tung Tuck, 183
Tung Wah Hospital, 5, 32, 83�V89, 186, 300�V301, 303, 352n63; board members of, 160�V62, 165, 167�V68, 277, 279; and bone repatriation, 85�V86, 290�V92, 295; Committee of, 245�V47, 249�V52, 254�V57, 391n85; and emigrant welfare, 83, 85, 88, 91, 403n69; yizhuang of, 292�V93, 404n79, 405nn80�V81
Tung Yee Tong association, 290
Tung Yu & Co., 183
Turner & Co., 69�V70
Union Pacific Railroad, 132
United States: and acquisition of California, 37; and China, 39�V40, 55�V56, 175, 333nn80�V81; citizen-ship in, 52, 134, 186, 338n29, 360n146, 376n172, 376n174; consular service of, 349n19; and immigration policy, 71�V72, 134�V35, 186�V88, 212, 221�V24, 238�V43, 247�V53, 260�V63, 270, 312, 335n18, 338n29, 340n54, 360n146, 376n172, 376n174, 390n77; and opium trade, 212�V16, 383n89, 383n95; and Pacific Mail, 120�V22; and prostitution, 240, 248�V52; and railroads, 4, 6, 58�V60, 90, 117, 120, 132, 134, 268; trade dollar of, 178, 374n148. See also Americans; anti-Chinese movement, US; particular legislation
USS Hartford, 28
USS Wachusett, 28
Utah, 4
Vancouver (ship), 132
Vancouver, British Columbia, 136, 184, 305
Vasco Da Gama (ship), 132
Viceroy (ship), 95 Victoria, British Columbia, 136, 211�V12,
290, 305, 382n81 Vietnam, 184, 290�V91, 293 Viscata (ship), 171, 199 Vladivostok (Russia), 184�V85
W. A. Farnsworth (ship), 169 Wa Hing brand (opium), 200, 205 Wa Hop Telegraph Co., 352n63 Wa Ki shop, 234 Wahee, Smith & Co., 146 Wai Akwong, 181, 374n157 Wang Tao, 83, 391n85 Watson, R. S., 39, 333n79 welfare, emigrant, 80�V83, 85, 88, 91,
185�V87, 305, 403n69 Wells Fargo, 124 West Indies, 15, 46 Western (ship), 355n89 Whampoa, 19, 36, 39�V40, 79, 94�V95,
139, 322n16 Whidden, Captain, 329n45 Whiley, W. W., 184 White, James T., 225�V26, 386n22 White Star Line, 132 White Swallow (ship), 172 William T. Coleman & Co. (Wm, T.
Coleman & Co,), 171, 199 William Watson (ship), 314, 338n32 Williams, Anthon & Co., 100�V101 Williams, Blanchard & Co., 126�V29 Williams, S. Wells, 365n52 Winchester, Captain, 79, 111 Windward (ship), 126 Wing On Company, 370n114 Wing Tuck & Co., 168 Wing Tung Kat fi rm, 168 Wing Wo Cheong, 157 Wing Wo Sang & Co., 159, 180, 368n79 Winslow, George, 44 Witchcraft (ship), 315, 355n89 Wizard (ship), 57 Wo Hang firm, 33, 86, 161, 172, 181,
331n61, 352n63; and opium trade, 204�V6; and shipping trade, 110�V14, 117�V19
Wo Hang Lung firm, 111, 118, 162,
355n93 Wo Kee firm, 107�V9, 351n49 Wo Ki firm, 208, 381n65 Wo Own Yu Kee fi rm, 167 women: in Hong Kong, 227�V30, 387n31;
in San Francisco, 222�V24, 227�V28.
See also traffi cking of women Wong A-Tsoi, 388n38 Wong Hing, 232 Wong Ping, 278�V79, 283, 286, 402n64 Wong Yung Quy, 397n22 Woodworth, Selim, 56 ��Work on the last mile of the Pacifi c
Railroad�� (Harper��s Weekly), 60 Wyllie, R. C., 143
Xia��er guanzhen (journal), 80, 344n104 Xiamen, 4, 15, 73, 322nn16�V17, 323n18 Xiangshan county (Zhongshan), 48�V49,
55, 272, 336 ��Xin xi guxiang�� (Sinn), 399n33 Xin��an county (Bao��an), 48 Xing��antang association, 403n67 Xinhui county, 48�V49, 271 Xinning (Taishan) county, 48�V49, 65,
231, 271, 293 Xunhuan ribao (newspaper), 83, 345n113
Yan Wo association, 335n18 Yan Wo opium syndicate, 204�V6, 208, 211, 381n66
Yee Kee firm, 62, 63 Yeung Wo association, 49, 55, 272,
335n18, 341n65, 399n27 Yip Mun Chun, 231 yizhuang (communal repository for
coffins and bones): Huaiyuan, 289, 403n67; Tung Wah Hospital, 292�V93, 404n79, 405nn80�V81
Young Wie Cheong, 367n76 Yu, Henry, 189 Yu Yuen firm, 107, 156 Yuan Sheng Hao, 55, 155 Yung Chan fi rm, 161 Yung Hee, 62
Zengcheng county, 49, 272, 336, 399n27 Zheng Zaoru, 404n71 Zhonghua Tonghui Zongju, 290�V91,
404n71 Zhongwai xinwen qiribao (Qiribao; news-
paper), 80�V82, 87 Zhou Bingyuan, 290 Zongli Yamen, 243�V44, 252, 357n120
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.