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Transport

Three other tunnels are operated by private companies under build-operate-transfer (BOT) arrangements: the Tate's Cairn Tunnel, Western Harbour Crossing and Tai Lam Tunnel. The government will take over the ownership of the Tate's Cairn Tunnel on 11 July 2018 upon the expiry of its BOT franchise. The BOT franchises of the Western Harbour Crossing and Tai Lam Tunnel will expire in 2023 and 2025 respectively.

There is also a private tunnel, the Discovery Bay Tunnel Link, which was built and is operated and maintained by Discovery Bay Road Tunnel Co. Ltd. It is open only to vehicles taking goods. or providing services to Discovery Bay.

Bridges

The five major cable-supported bridges are Tsing Ma, Kap Shui Mun, Ting Kau, Stonecutters and a section of Shenzhen Bay Bridge. Only the first two levy toll charges and carry both road and rail traffic. Tsing Ma Bridge is one of the world's longest span suspension bridges.

Tsing Ma Control Area

The Tsing Ma Control Area is a 21km expressway network managed by a private contractor. It covers mainly Tsing Kwai Highway, Cheung Tsing Tunnel, Ting Kau Bridge, Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge. An average of 93,400 vehicles per day used Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge in 2017.

Tsing Sha Control Area

The Tsing Sha Control Area is a 13km expressway network managed by a private contractor. It consists of mainly Stonecutters Bridge, Nam Wan Tunnel, Eagle's Nest Tunnel, Sha Tin Heights Tunnel and Tai Wai Tunnel. In 2017, an average of 57,400 vehicles per day used this expressway.

Road Boundary Crossings

There are four road-based boundary crossings between Hong Kong and the Mainland, at Lok Ma Chau, Man Kam To, Sha Tau Kok and Shenzhen Bay Port, which are open daily for goods and passenger vehicles. The Lok Ma Chau Control Point, which connects to Huanggang Port in Shenzhen, operates round the clock. The Sha Tau Kok and Man Kam To control points are open from 7am to 10pm, while the one at Shenzhen Bay Port is open from 6.30am to midnight.

In 2017, the daily average numbers of vehicle trips recorded at the control points of Lok Ma Chau, Man Kam To, Sha Tau Kok and Shenzhen Bay Port were 23,700, 5,100, 2,400 and 12,700 respectively, and the daily average numbers of travellers using these control points were 78,600, 11,600, 8,500 and 111,300 respectively. Total cross-boundary vehicular traffic increased 3.5 per cent compared with the previous year, while total cross-boundary passenger traffic by rail, road and ferry increased 0.2 per cent, reaching 680,800 passengers a day. Most travellers using these control points take cross-boundary coaches or local public transport where available. About 130 companies operate cross-boundary coaches, carrying an average of about 68,700 passengers a day. There are also shuttle buses plying between the public transport interchange at San Tin and Huanggang Port in Shenzhen via the Lok Ma Chau Control Point, carrying a daily average of 25,900 passengers. Travellers at Shenzhen Bay Port may use the local public transport there, and this carries an average of 83,700 passengers a day.

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