ENG-1991 — Page 412

THE ENVIRONMENT

Air

Many people are exposed to undesirable levels of air pollutants such as particulates and nitrogen dioxide. These pollutants on their own or with the presence of others, can seriously affect health, especially of the elderly, the very young and those already suffering from illness.

The most common adverse health effects take the form of increased incidence of respiratory illness, such as asthma and bronchitis. The high levels of air pollution in many parts of Hong Kong have undoubtedly seriously aggravated the condition of those already suffering from such illness and contributed to the onset of associated chronic symptoms. Other health effects such as lung cancer can be caused by air pollution, as certain air pollutants, like those emitted from diesel vehicles, are known to be carcinogenic.

The hilly terrain of Hong Kong coupled with dense development have made the task of tackling air pollution problems more difficult since aerial emissions from chimneys often impinge on residential development on the high ground. In addition, high-rise development leads to trapping of air pollutants in street canyons.

Noise

Rapid infrastructure growth, redevelopment of existing buildings and high-density develop- ment have led to a large number of people being exposed to undesirable levels of noise from industrial, commercial, construction and domestic activities. Noise from traffic can cause a serious impact on residential developments and other noise sensitive areas adjacent to road or rail routes. In addition, the operation of Kai Tak International Airport in the centre of the city means residents nearby will continue to be exposed to high levels of aircraft noise, until the new replacement airport at Chek Lap Kok opens in 1997.

Protecting the Environment

Administrative Framework

Environmental policy is the responsibility of the Secretary for Planning, Environment and Lands (SPEL) while the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) is the principal executive body on environmental matters. The SPEL also seeks advice on major policy initiatives from the Environmental Pollution Advisory Committee (EPCOM), whose members are appointed by the Governor and are either experts in environmental affairs or prominent and informed members of the community.

The EPD undertakes environmental planning and assessment, enforcement of pollution control legislation, planning and development of waste disposal facilities and monitoring of all aspects of the environment; reviews the effectiveness of environmental legislation and recommends proposals for new or amended legislation.

Other departments play a major role in protecting Hong Kong's environment. The Planning Department has regard to environmental matters when carrying out government urban and rural planning at both strategic and local levels. The Drainage Services Department is responsible for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of sewerage and sewage treatment and disposal facilities throughout the territory, with the Territory Development Department carrying out works in connection with New Town developments. The Urban Services Department and the Regional Services Department are responsible for providing refuse collection services and maintaining environmental hygiene. The Civil Engineering Services Department oversees the development and operation of

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