May 14, 1906.]
CHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT.
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could distinguish with certainty the The first discovery was that be albuminous substances of different birds' eggs, except where the birds were closely allied in species. This cannot be done by ordinary chemical analysis, We cannot here enter into detailed explanations ... of these preliminary investigations ; thoss interested may follow Dr. UXLANHUTE step by step in his own contribution to the Monthly Review. Suffice it to my that, having satisfied himself of “the specificalness and the fineness of this biological reaction", he went on and discovered that it also established certain differences of the albuminous substances in hen's blood and hen's eggs.
The most interesting correspondence | bought up at a still greater discount." | attention ; and he now claims to have found between the Association and its Hongkong This, it will be noted, does not confirm the a method by which these albuminous branch is that in which the story of report that the authorities responsible for materials are differentiated in various sorts American enterprise at Whampoa is un- the issue of this paper currency have been ofblood, even after the blood to be examined ́ folded. Whatever was in it, it was a most imposing a discount. The war was at an has been long dried up. Dr. Umiawwwyu useful spur to apply to those who could end in time to allow the usual spring sow-ascertained, after many experiments, that expedite the Kowloon-Canton railway ing, and good harvests were reaped, but the serum business. That the Americans ever seriously transport facilities being still in military sediment in an albuminous solution from obtained from rabbits produced hoped for a deep water port in the Canton hands, Newchwang saw little of this pro- hou's eggs, but not in other albumen polu- river, one that could compete with Hong- duce. Imports were accumulating also, tions. kong, is unlikely; but the argument (re- against the expected arrival of produce, and printed in another column) shows that there then an unfortunate thing happened which was a movement too potentially important may (though the CoмMISSIONER does not o be ignored. The British portion of the suggest this) to some extent account for line is expected to be completed in four the report that our Japanese allies have years, by which time the negotiations been interfering with the "
open door should be on a footing to permit of the Just as means were becoming available for easier section being hastened. In any case, the carriage of trade, September-October, the fact o a determined start being made some cases of plague occurred at New should cause less to be heard of this other chwang; and the Japanese Military terminus.
Administration, afraid of infection reaching the troops," prohibited boats and carts from going inland, and the up-country boats loaded with beans, &c., would not come down at the risk of being unable to leave Newchwang in time to get back while the river was still open". There WRS no epidemic, and the prohibition was removed in November, but it was then too late. Ice had already appeared. This accounted for the crowded godowns at Newchwang, which in turn probably accounted for the mistrust that found expression in Parliament. Tak- ing into account all these drawbacks, and the greater number and boldness of robbers, the trade of Manchuria was such as to afford “ ample justification for the belief that in time of peace Manchurian trade will flourish ".
MANCHURIA.
(Daily Press, 8th May.) Newchwang, being the most northerly port open to foreign trade, and a sort of main gate to Manchuria, upon the commercial possibilities of which the world's attention is focussed, the annual report of Mr. C. C. CLARKE, Commissioner of Customs, claims special interest. Dated on February 3rd of this year, it appears as the leading contri- bution to the first volume of the I.M.C. trade returns for 1905, dealing with the northern ports only, Newchwang to Kiao- chow. Incidentally it may be noticed that these yellow books are henceforth to number five, including the one just received; the others deal with the Yangtze ports (Chung- king to Chinkiang), the Central ports (Shanghai to Wenchow), the South Coast
"It is customary to take the year 1899, the last year when trade was wholly free to follow
extraordinary
Various other bloods were tried, but in them
the rabbit serum produced nothing. A rabbit treated with a particular blood yield. ed a serum which produced presipitation only in that blood. In criminal cases, therefore, however old a bloodstain may be, it can be identified with certainty. That was the immediate, practical result, and the object with which the experiments were begun. But in practice it is found that while each blood has its own albuminous character, there are groups the members of which show slighter differences to each other than they do to the bloods of other groups. Evidently here was a valuable
ports (Santuao to Pakhoi) and the Frontier ita normal course, as the standard with which to | contribution to the study of congenital
compare other years. In 1899 the value of For. 21,000,00; in 1905, H&.Tl&. 31,000,000. The eign Imports, excluding Opium, was Hk.Tls. value of Native Imports in 1899 was Hk.Tls. 6,000,000; in 1905, Hk.Tls. 18,70,000. The value of Exports in 1899 Was Hk.Tls 20,600,000; in 1905, Hk.Tls. 12,000,000. Allow. ing somewhat for over-importation in 1905, have been formed of the future. If so much these figures warrant the expectations which may be done in a year of disturbance, what may not be done in years of peace?"
The question is answered by subsequent speculations, touching the resources of the province, the reforms that must come, and the people who will influence them. Japan has every chance of taking the lead, but the Chinese themselves must not be ignored. The Japanese may lack capital; the Chinese will supply it; but not before they are con- vinced that Japanese management is honest as well as efficient. Just now this efficiency elicits native admiration, but the intentions of Japan are as much under suspicion as are any other foreigners. It is for them by careful use of their exceptional opportunities to remove that characteristic mistrust.
ports (Lungchow to Yatung). This is a more convenient arrangement; and renders unnecessary the fascicles hitherto devoted to each port. Mr. CLARKE's report gives a vivid idea of the way in which war overran Manchuria, and affected its trade. The ground was thrice in the one year covered by an army, the Russians n advance and retreat, and the Japanese pursuing. Two- thirds of the damage done might fairly be credited to the Russians, but probably there was very little left to damage by the time the Japanese arrived. The extent, it appears, cannot be measured; but there was "much loss of life [noncombatant life, be it understood], disease, destruction of houses and crops, loss of cattle, and loss of the means of living". Granted that both sides were as careful and considerate as has been claimed for them, "misery and ruin came to thousands in no way congrued in the war and the COMMISSIONEL accepts this as inevitable. It could not be helped. Twenty thousand deaths and seventy million taels worth of damage had been mentioned as an estimate, which, however inaccurate, indicates that the disturbance of -normal conditions must have been on a big scale. It was the poorer people who suffered
(Daily Press, 9th May.) most-those who "having lost their little, Huxley's comparison of the anatomy and lost their all ". The idea that the popu- cerebric convolutions of man and ape lation benefited a great deal by the presence satisfied most people as to their alleged of troops paying for what they wanted, sup- consanguinity; but striking confirmation plies, labour, transport, &c., has to be modified. has been discovered by the German savant, Such payments could not be sufficient in PAUL UHLENHUTH. As so often happens any case to compensate for all damage, and in scientific research, he was looking as a matter of fact, the payments were made for something else when he discovered in paper not readily redeemable. "Bo far", the new proof of what he so happily | we are told, "there have never been proper facilities for the redemption in silver of the rouble and war notes at places reasonably convenient to the holders for presentation. Even at Newchwang they have been con- stantly at a discount, and large amounts of those issued in the interior have been
AN INTERESTING DISCOVERY.
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HUTH followed it up, and demonstrated relations among animals. Dr. UHLAN-
in the re-agent glass the blood-relationship of horse and ass, dog and fox, sheep and goat, and so on. "The reaction produced was almost quantitatively proportionate to the degree of blood-relationship." Special investigations
into the albuminous undertaken, by himself and the English- characteristics of men and apes were then
man NUTTALL", whom we take to be Pro fessor NUTTALL, of Cambridge. The apes of the old world, especially the anthropoids, produced results practically equal to those obtained from human blood; the reaction in the case of the apes of the new world was considerably weaker; while in the case of the lemur, which is a sort of missing link between quadruped and quadrumane, Professor NUTTALL discovered no reaction, but Dr. UHLENHUTH says he found a very slight trace. The point is that it is now an established fact that the serum of rabbit treated with human blood producen a sediment in human and in ape's blood, but in no other kind of blood" whatever. This proves that man, the gorilla, and the chimpanzee are cousins, and not many times removed, either.
!
Obviously, it will be urged at this stage that a murderer in Hongkong has only to declare that the bloodstains in his case are from a monkey to baffle the criminological biologist. But that ignores Dr. UHLEN. HUTH's further discovery, made apparently since. Professor NUTTALL published his treatise two years ago. This is to treat an animal with its relative, as an ape with calls the blood-relationship of men human blood. The resulting serum re-acts and apos. He was searching for an in human albumen, but not in the ape's, so infallible test by which to distinguish fine and certain is the process. Da. UHLEN- buman blood from all others, in cases where MUTH tells us that be is now engaged on a through lapse of time the ordinary corpus- · hunt for the fine distinctions between "rade cular test is impossible. It was to the and race, and man and man. Anthropolo- albuminous substances that he directed his 'gista will await the result with keen interest.
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