.
August 27, 1898.]
pressly agreed upon as essential conditions of the aforesaid honours we will be treated as pri- soners only as if we were on duty. ·
I trust that your good sense and prudence will as always maintain the discipline you have hitherto displayed, affording no opportunity sither to natives or foreigners to observe neglects that might call for repression.
All this will serve as an alleviation of the misfortune which with you is deplored by your General-in-Chief,
JAUDENES.
THE CAPITULATION.
14
[TRANSLATED FOR THE DAILY PRESS."]
Manila, 14th August. The undersigned, constituting the commis- sion appointed to arrange the details of the capitulation of the city and defences of Manila and its suburbs and the Spanish forces gar- risoning the same, in accordance with the preliminary treaty concluded yesterday between Major-General Wesley Merritt, of the United States Army, Commander-in-Chief of the Philippines, and His Excellency Don Fermin Jandenes, Acting General-in-Chief of the Spanish army in the Philippines, have agreed as follows:-
1.---The Spanish troops, European and native, capitulate, together with the town and its defences, with all the honours of war, depositing their arms in the places designated by the authorities of the United States and remaining barracked in the places designated by and at the orders of their officers subject to inspection by the aforesaid North American authorities until the conclusion of a treaty of the two belligerent states.
All the individuals comprised in the capitula- tion shall remain at liberty, the officers con- tinuing to occupy their respective domiciles. which shall be respected so long as they observe the rules prescribed by their Govern ment and the existing laws.
peace
between
2.-The officers shall retain their swords, horses, and private property.
3. All horses the property of the state and public property of all descriptions shall be delivered to the staff officers of the United States.
4-Complete returns in duplicate of the troops by corps and detailed lists of the public property and arsenal effects shall be delivered to the United States within ten days from this date.
5.-All questions connected with the repatria- tion of the officers aud soldiers of the Spanish forces and their families and the cost of such repatriation shall be settled by the Government of the United States at Washington.
The families may leave Manila at their cou- venience.
The restoration of the arms deposited by the Spanish forces shall take place when the city shall be evacuated by them or by the American army.
-6.-The officers and soldiers comprised in the capitulation shall be supplied by the United States with rations and necessaries, according to their rank, as if they were prisoners of war, until the conclusion of the treaty of peace be- tween the United States and Spain.
All the funds of the Spanish treasury and other public funds are to be surrendered to the authorities of the United States.
7. This city, its inhabitants, its churches and religious worship, its educational establish- ments, and its private property of whatever description, shall be placed under the especial safeguard of the faith and honour of the American army.
Signed by the United States and
Spanish Commissioners.
THE RETENTION OF THE SPANISH CUSTOMS DUTIES.
DISSATISFACTION IN HONGKONG.
Hongkong, 26th August. Considerable dissatisfaction is felt in Hong- kong aud elsewhere in consequence of the retention of the Spanish duties at Manila by
the American authorities. A number of local merchants have called upon Consul-General Wildman and asked him to use his influence with General Merritt to modify these duties,
CHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT.
For
which are excessive and prohibitive. instance, American kerosine oil sells here at $1.90 per case, whilst at Manila the duty alone comes to $2.05 per case. The duty on flour is 70 cents per sack. These duties were put ou under Spanish rule with a view to prohibiting foreign importations, and if retained will absolutely prohibit the introduction of any American goods to any great extent into the city, a state of affairs which American mer- chants are not likely to submit to quietly. The merchants in Hongkong in shipping their goods to Manila since it fell into the hands of the Americans did it with the understanding that the duties would be in accord with the existing American customs law.
4
Despatches brought by H.M.S. Iphigenia, which arrived from Manila yesterday, having left on Sunday, say that some difficulty is being experienced in regard to the turning over of the government of the city to the Americans. Of course it is not to be expected that everything will work smoothly at first, but no doubt after the lapse of another week or so there will be nothing to find fault with. As our readers are aware, General Merritt is acting as Governor, General Greene has charge of the fiscal department, General MacArthur is Prorost Marshall, General Andersen is dealing with the insurgents, Colonel Whittier with the customs, aud Lieut. Elliot is captain of the port. The retention of the Spanish police officials has given great offence to the insurgents, with whom thero is likely to be trouble. They have been forbidden to enter the city armed and have retaliated by forbidding the Americans to cross their lines. They hare refused to surrender the waterworks, aud Aguinaldo has made several demands, but he is not likely to get all he has asked for. For instance, he has asked that the convents in Manila should be ceded to him as barracks for his troops, that American jurisdiction should cease outside Manila, that the insurgents should retain their arms within prescribed limits, that the Americans should return all arms taken from the insurgents. that the insurgents should retain the waterworks, and that insurgent officers should retain their side-arms when entering Manila.
American soldiers are busy preventing insurgents from looting Spanish homes.
General Merritt's
proclamation has been well received both by the Spaniards and the foreign residents. It follows the lines set forth in America before General Merritt's departure.
[FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.]
177
Manila Bay, 11th Angust.
I am writing these notes before the attack on Manila, but I hope that the same mail will carry the news of the fall of this Spanish capital of the Far East. At this moment we are anxiously waiting for the signal which shall order the army to advance and the ships to move into line of action. The forty-eight hours' notification to the Span- ish Captain-General Fermiu Jaudenes, and to the Foreign Consuls and men-of-war, expired on Tuesday at 12.30 p.m. By August 9, a demand for surrender and the refusal followed; and then the expected attack was set for Wednesday at noon, but for very good reasons known to those bigh in anthority, the combined movement of army and navy was deferred with the probabili. ties that it might be ordered at any hour General Merritt and Admiral Dewey should think wise. This is written on Thursday, the 11th, that is, begun then. It may not be completed for some days yet, unless a mail leaves very soon. As I write I am told that it is presumable that the attack on the defences of Manila will be made Saturday, the 13th, or Sunday, the 14th. If the Spaniards should provoke an engage- ment, it might end in a general battle before Saturday, There are many who, not under- standing the true situation or the conditions that influence the Commanders-in-Chief of the American forces, criticise this delay and speak unkindly of these responsible, but the end will in likelihood prove the postponement was for the best and not unwarranted.
It is more natural for men to criticise un-
favourably than praise or even endeavour to dis- cover any good in the acts of those who are far better acquainted with what is required. They hear the superficial or first stated reason and draw their conclusions from such hasty in- formation, when if they knew all the facts they would be ashamed of their cursory and pre- cipitato opinion. So it is with this campaign in the Philippines. There are always those who know more about it than anybody else, groups and groups of wiseacres who say what the army should do and should not do, what the navy ought to undertake and what it ought not to undertake. Such men have had a glorious opportunity to grumble over the failure to proceed on Manila the very hour that the 48 hours' notice was up. They complained before because a headlong rush was not made upon the city the day the first expedition arrived, but when, after waiting so long and hearing the actual announcement that an ultimatum had been sent to the Captain-General, they did not witness a battle, their disappointment was pro- found and the air was heavy with ohunks of consummate criticism falling about one like flakes in a late autumn snow storm. Fortunately these know it all views are confined to those who do not control the affairs of the fleet
or army. The real powers-that-be know what they are about.
General Jaudenes and other high Spanish officials state that they held out as long as possible. They appreciate the generosity of the terms of surrender, and hope the Americaus will not leave them to the mercy of the in- surgents. The English residents in Manila are also fearful lest the Americans should withdraw and leave them victims of Spanish spite. The fact is that neither the Spaniards nor the I would not give the impression that a spirit Filipinos are capable of governing the city pro-
of unrest exists here over the delay-that is un- perly. The Spaniards are powerless to further wholesome unrest. On the contrary earnestness combat the insurgents, whilst the latter have which is akin to enthusiasm prevails from the made it only too apparent that if they got the highest to the lowest army and navy man. Per- upper hand in Manila the place would be noth-haps it is this intensity of spirit that heeds com- ing less than a pandemonium.
The Spanish loss on the occasion of the bombardment was 60 and in the brush which took place on the evening of July 31st five.
The American and Spanish soldiers in Manila appear to get on well together. The Spanish officers are allowed to re.... their side-armis, and the soldiers are allowed to go about without
restraint.
General Merritt occupies the Governor's
Palace.
The British ships saluted the American flag over the city, an example which was not followed by the Germans, French, or Japanese The Monadnock arrived in the Bay on the afternoon of the 15th, having taken 32 days to come from Honolala. She experienced rough weather during the latter portion of the voyage. On the way she stopped at Guam. The officers and meu were greatly disappointed at missing being present at the capture of the city.
The fourth expedition Lcd not arrived on the 19th, though it was daily expected. General | Merritt has, however, sufficient force in the city without it.
plaints among those who know no other way to express their feelings. But it is not confined to
Manila. Letters from Hongkong, Shanghai, and Yokobama and telegrams from America breathe a strong suggestion of dissatisfaction that Manila has not been forced to surrender or been captured prior to this date, but I beg to submit that such ideas are not based on a true conception of the situation. I have the utmost and others high in authority. I believe when confidence in Admiral Dewey, General Merritt,
the history of the Philippine campaign is written it will prove that no serious mistake and that they had the best of reasons for not was made in its conduct by those mentioned
proceeding against Manila a day or hour sooner than they will have done when this letter reaches Hongkong.
Fermin Jaudenes was officially informed of the On Sunday, August 7, Captain General Americans' intentions. Saturday General Merritt and Admiral Dewey met and drew up the letter which sealed the fate of Manila. It was a brief, simple, unpretentions, pointed, courteous note.
It was a history-making espistle. The future of the Philippines and of
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