1991-11-27 — Page 28

十八國民藝中

育教 日二廿月十年未辛暦夏

報日僑華

雇 a refrigerator in a restaurant.

(1)the site for its headquarters in

Central

A. (1) and (2)

B. {2} and (3)

(2)branch offices

C. (3) and (7).

華

1992 中學會考預習專欄

明德出版社

MILL & DALE PRESS.

廣告

CHAPTER 3 (Cont.)

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Economics (8}

Multiple Choice Questions.

ALAIN LI

Which of the following is NOT an example of fànd?! A. house

B. timber

C. site

D. wind

2. Which of the following is NOT an

example of capital?

1992 中學會考預習專欄,

明出版上

MILL & DALE PRESS

(History (8)

門津小

Lui

班急聘體有效 月三日到職履

The Eastern Question (1871-1914) fa.general survey):

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Causing concern of the Eastern Question 1. The final decline of the Ottoman.

Empire.

It was a contention area because of national independence movements of the Balkans.

3. Great Powers wanted to extert their

influence.

The term Eastern Question refers to the crisis in the Balkan States; resulted from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.

A series of political forces collided. in the Balkan Peninsula, and I would Tike to examine.

a. the causes behind the rivalries of

the Great Powers..

b. the interests of the Great Powers.

̇c. the content of Balkan nationalism.

A. The Austro-Russian rivalry

Causes:`

The

Habsurg's (the

Austrians)

interest in the Balkans had been sharpened by her desire to recover

in south-eastern Europe the prestige that had been lost. in Italy and

Germany.

Cause:

Austria lost Targe

slice of

territorios, aa result of Italian

and. Gérman unification.

2. The Russian interest was intensified

by the aggressive gesture of Austria.

3. In order to secure their interests. both the Habsburg and the Russians support.ed the Ottoman Empire's

B. land from. reclamation

C. rice stored in a godown.

D. money kept in a bank's safe..

3. Which of the following is NOT an

example of wages?

A. salary

B. bonus.

C. over-time payment

D. dividend...

4. Which of the following is NOT an.

example of prafit?

A. dividend"

. . . .. .

B. retained earnings

C.increased: market, yalue of

asset

D.directors' remuneration:

an

Study the following information and answer questions 5 to 9.

The following are what you can find in the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation::

For independence.

4. They supported such subject peoples with the aim of extending their -influence in the Balkan: Peninsula.

5. Witnessing the decline of the Ottoman Empire, both powers intended to grasp their share of influence.

B. The Anglo-French intervention

Causes:

It began when the Turkish government suspended payment of interest on its Marge foreign debts.

2. The attidude of France:: did not want

any direct intervention.

3. The

British government aimed at preventing. Russian. expansion into. the Balkan Peninsula.

che Balkal

4. She

favored support for Turkey' because. she had much vested interests in Egypt; a stable Turkey would vensure the ': safety of her interests.

c. The German interests and the role of

Bismarck in the 1870's

1. He'aimed at preventing any open.

conflict between his two partner's (Austria and Russia)

(3)ion statues

(4)teller's

(5)shareholders

(6)managers, (7)customers

5. Which of the above items are factors

of production?

A. (1), (2), (4), (5) and (6)

B. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6)

C. (1), (2), (5) and (6)

D. All of them

6. Which of the above items:157are an

example(s) of land?

A. (1) only

B. (1) and (2) only

C. (1), (2) and (3) only

D. None of them..

7. Which of

items the above examples of capital?

demands of the Great Powers..

are

d. Soon, Russia declared war on Turkey after she gave Austria a free hand in Bosnia and Herzegovina because she intended to dd'smantle the

•

Ottoman Empire.

2nd Episode

Characteristics of the period

- Russian interest was ensured. The Russo-Turkish War of April 1877 The Treaty of San Stefario in March 'clased the chapter of the Russo-Turkish. War. Since the terms of the treaty can be found easily in any textbook. would like to pinpoint the consequences .uf. the treaty..

I

Candidates should try to understand leading the causes

foreign to. intervention after the Treaty of San Stefano was signed.

In:fact, the treaty caused inevitable

e treaty jealousies and disappointments.

'Cause of disappointment and conflicts.

1. Rumania, Serbia and Greece resented

the rise of Bulgaria.

7. Austria and Britain " feared:that.

·Russia would extend her influence through Bulgaria.

2. As far as the 'German joterests were

concerned, Bismarck wanted thesea. Turkish government to be dissolved by a joint agreement of the powers,

Crisis in Turkey

1st Episode.

Characteristics of the warn

1. Repressive policy of furkish Sultan.

2. Foreign Intervention.

Causes:*

The awof the

new Sultan Weeted the Serbians badly. Then the Serbians sought the intefvention. of the Great *Powers.

Faced with the Russian intervention

a. The Sultan agreed to settle the

problema bý

international": conformi

a new liberal

b. Then,

Watmed:

consti

Sultan rejected the

subject peoples in their struggle. 'c. Later.

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Then, Britaiwa*and Austria pressed Bismarck

BrdyEpisode

was

Mighlights of the period.

expansion Russian

checked. and political map of Ottoman Empire was reshaped.

The Congress of Berlin, 1878 and its significance

A new re-alignment of the Great Powers:

1. Rumania, Serbia and Montenegro were recognized as independent states."

2, Russia was allowed to take a few Turkish towns and to reclaim from Rumania Bessarabia.

3. The projected state of Bulgaria was

cut back in size.

4. Austria was allowed to occupy and administer. of Bosnia and

Herzegovina. (This later cause any

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三期星日七廿月--十( 一九九一)年十八國民華中(28)

A. Which of the above items is/are an

example(s) of labour?:

A. (4) only

-B.(4) and (5) only

C.(4) and (6) only

D. (7) only

9. Which of the above

items

*an

example of entrepreneurship?

A. (4)

B. (5)

C. (6)

B. (7)

10.Which of the following can improve the geographical mobility of labour?

(1)higher wages.

(2)better transportation (3)further education (4)training

̇conflict between Austria and Sorbia) 5. Britain took Cyprus.

6. France got a free hand in Tunisia: 7. Only Germany and Italy were left

̇empty-handed.

Important Points to Consider

F. The nationalist interests. of the subject people were completely overlooked. They were forced to dive - under the rule of the great powers": e.g. Bosnia and Herzegovia were not allowed to proclaim independence. Instead, they were occupied by Austria,

2. The great powers were more divided

than before..

The Austro-Russian rivalry over the Balkan Peninsula. Ted to the end of the Dreikaiserbund. Bismark's dream was broken.

3. Above all it was a defeat of

Russian prestige.

Big Bulgaria was cut in size which mans that.. Russian influence was checked.

4. Frustrated. Balkan nationalism, paved the way for the future: crisis. and wars in the Balkan Peninsula.

None of the party was satified- Although Germany tried her bast.to' maintaing new balance of power the Turkish Empire stability, as the could not Tersang

The Queen of Bulgaria

1. It was t the center of. contention

:1878.

the 2. Big Bulgaria Croated under

Russian influence had aroused fear and anxieties ng the Buropean powers.

3. Therefore, in 1878, the Bulgarians,

were pro-Russian..

4. But after 1883, the, Bulgarians were anti-Russian, and leaned towards the Western Powers.

5. In 1883, King

Alexander of Battenberg ... resolved aroun

résist

further Russian domination.

6. He restored the constitution and

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有公 限司

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (2) and (3) only

C. (3) and (4) only

n. All of them

Essay Questions

(a) In what sense can you regard timber as land, and in what sense. can you

regard it as capital? (6) marks) (b) In what sense can you regard a manager as an entrepreur and in what.sense can you regard him as a labour?

3.(6 marks)

to the (c) Referring

situation in schoot, explain why teachers are not paid on a piece rate basis?

(6 marks)

(d) How do you explain that emigration

has affected the Occupational mobility with Hong Kong? (6 marks). (e) Why cannot we regard the money paid .

by a tenant to the landlord for the lease of a flat as rent? 16 marks)

played off the nationalists and the parliament against the Russians.

Significance

1. After 1883, Britain considered.

strong Bulgaria a more reliable to Russian influence.

2. It was an important turn in

international affair

3. Since 1883, the British were more

sympathetic

Balkan. with the nationalism than before.

!

4. Later, Eastern Rumelia was

integrated with Sulgaria.

5. However, since Serbia was jealous of the Bulgaria's rise in power, she declared war on Bulgaria in Nov., 1885.

Judging from the above development and events, it is obvious that

1. Jealousy and mutual Fear among the,

great powers generated tensions and

wars.

2. The jealousy, among the Balkan States. was. another cause for the outbreak of international crisis tensions.

and

e.g. Serhia disliked the existence of a big Bulgaria in the Balkan Peninsula.

3. The intervention of the Great Powers the struggle, of the Balkan ationalist independence made. -the

much... - Eastern Question

more it complicated and

was such

local involvement which changed a conflict into a large scale world' war ..

4. Also, the great powers realigned themselves so as to safeguard their interests in the Balkan Peninsula. e.g.In Dec. 1887, Britain, Austria~, Hungary and Italy agreed to keep peace, and the status of the Near. East

5. Such, pact ''yas: directed entirely against Russian expansion towards Constantinople.

6. Also, it marked the hardening of

British policy. towards Russia.

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(to be continued}

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