1991-10-10 — Page 27

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日三初月九年未辛夏

1992 中學會考預習專欄

明德出版社-

MILL & DALE PRESS

Economics (1)

Basic Concepts

A. Wants

B. Needs

Alain Li

the desires for anything that people like to have, e.g, car.

the desires for somethings necessary for people's surival, e.g. bread.

wants backed up by

C. Demand the

income.

D. Utility the amount of satisfaction

derived

from

the

consumption of a good or a service.

E. Marginal Utility

the increase in utility resulting from consuming one extra unit of a good or a service.

F. Law of Diminishing

utility - the

Marginal marginal utility decreases when more units. of a good or a service are consumed. ›

can

G. Economic Goods - those goods which generate utility but are scarce in supply; e.g, gold.

H. Free Goods those. goods which can also generate utility but are abundant in supply, eg. air. the relative relationship between

wants

1. Scarcity

unlimited.

鈮日僑等

and limited resources.

manufacturing.

an

3. Choice a decision on which wants

are to be satisfied first.

Q. Consumption - the utilization

of

goods to generate utility.

highest-valued alternative foregone for a choice.

for

household

the

K. Opportunity Cost

the

L. Production Possibilities Curve.

- the curve that shows.

productive capacity of an economy with limited resources and given technology.

H. Price an exchange ratio between

two goods in the market.

H. Use Value - the utility generated in the consumption of a good or a service.

O. Exchange Value - the price of a good

in the market.

B. Consumer Goods

the goods consumption, e.g. hamburger.

5. Producer goods

四期星日十月十(一九九一)年十八國民中

economy based on private Ownership of resources, in which price provides information and incentive to guide all economic activities, e.g. Hong Kong.

X. Planned Economy - an, economy based on state ownership

central

Y. Mixed Economy

of resources, in

which

a

economic

authority. guides all

activities.

- an economy possesses in different degrees both

the

characteristics of a

market economy and a

planned economy.

版邨新 刊退

健

美

-the goods for capital consumption,

e.g. machinery.

T. Wealth - a stock of assets which can yield a stream of income or service over time.

U. Income - a flow of goods, services, or money accruing to the owner's of the production factors, e.g. wages, rent, interest and profit.

V. Expenditure the amount of wealth used in consumption over a period of time.

P. Production - the

of utilizing resources to create goods to satisfy wants,

e.g.

process

W. Market Economy

TO BE CONTINUED

******************

1992 中學會考預習專欄

1. Introduction

明德出版社

MILL & DALE, PRESS

Commerce (1)

S.K. LAI

Commerce was first introduced as a secondary school subject in 1976. There were only 691 candidates sat the H.K.C.E. Commerce papers in 1978. Compared with those of 9,445 candidates took the examination in 1990, there had been 13.6 times increase. figure. This reflects the increasing attempts by schools to offer their students with commercial subjects, which will be of direct educational value and have a definite relevance to everyday life.

11.Aims and Objectives of Commerce Syllabus

Its rationale are listed in the following:

in

1. To give students an elementary understanding of the structure

of commerce in Hong Kong.

2. To provide students with a basic knowledge, with part

reference to the Hong Kong. situations; on the functions g various commercial activities..

3. To develop an ability to apply the basic knowledge to

commercial situations.

III.Format of the Examination Paper

1.2 Students are advised to make continual references to the

syllabuses and question analysis, they thus become fully.. aware of the HKCE requirements.

Repor

2. Examiner's Report

2.1 As pointed out in the recent HKCE Commerce reports, examiners have complained about similar deficiencies. The more common weaknesses include:

** inadequate reading on current affairs through business

periodicals or newspapers

misunderstanding of questions

failure to answer questions with particular application to the Hong Kong situation

failure: practice.

to

put basic theoretical knowledge into

2.2 The above-mentioned list of common failings should be carefully noted. Students are strongly advised to make sure that they are NOT GUILTY of any of them.

3. Well before the examination

3.2 Always make. an attempt to practise past

examination questions.

Remember: PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

3.3 Planned revision is the b to succeed.

Allocation of Pass Percentages from A to E Grades (on average basis).

Grade

A

2.36

B

4.11

7.96

D

16.47

E

19.79

VI Syllabus Analysis (Mark Distribution Basis)

Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination

Commerce

Analysis of Marks Distribution (1978-1991)

78-91 86-91

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 Means Means

11 -- 4 20 6 4' 6-- 6 6 4 4 5.1 4.3

Topics

3.1 Make concise notes from textbooks and notebooks. Go over. Introduction

the work until you can recall it.

to Commerce

Commerce. Trade

Analyst of Regats of Dware

Candidates (198)

overa a candidat

H.K.C.E findings

2.1Retail

trade 2.2Wholesale

trade 2.3Inter-

national trade Chase &

of goods ocuments used in domestic trade.

20.

6 26

5 20-

6

6 10 12 10 26 8.9 10.6

6 6 6--10--

5.2 4.6

4

1:20 20 6.

8 12 6:14 128.8.8 10.0

6 0.9

2.0

The ariy isof results

Commerce Mapler was made for the recent seven

tre tabulated as below:-

H.K.C.E. Commerce Papers (1985 - 1991) Analysis of Results of Overall Candidates

Document

in Timber nationale

#1 27 26 20 6:19 26 10 12 20 6 20 14.8, 12.0

4.12

ཙ。。

ེས་།་ ༅

10 10

5.7

6.0

- E Grades

No. of Paper

Time Sections

Part 1

Type of Question

Short Question

% of Marks

Choice of Questions

6. Capitais

No.

A-B

Year Sat

No. X No. I

40%

No choice

{7 short.:

85 7116 173 2.43 510 7.17

A-C No. X 1210 17.00

A-D

questions)

85 7663 202 2.64 573-7.48126116.46

A-E

No. x No. 2401 33.74 3737 52.52 2685-35.04 4121 53.78

7. Types ofst

business units

8. Stock exchange

One

2+ hr.

Part II

Essay- type.

3 out of 5 questions

87 8676 248 2.86 637 7.34 88.8917

1358 15.65

2847 32.81

4489-51.74

217 2:43 589 5.61

1219 13.67

4513 50.61

IV.Hints on how to prepare G. E. Commerce

1. Syllabus analysis

1.1 Study thoroughly the syllabus and famili

with the style of questions set from past pag

yourself:

89 8701 185 2.13 90 9445 178 1.88 91 10838 236 2.16

Mean

2.36

507 5.83 495 5.24 605 5.59

6.47

1083 12.45 1193 12.63 1422 13.12

14,43

2595 29.10 2436 28.00 2712 28.71 3099 28.59 5381 49.65 13.Transpoet

30.90

50.69

9. Finance &

banking 10.Insurance

4195 48.21.11.Advertising 4562:48.30 12.Communications

1992 中學會考殞習專欄

明德出版社——

MILL & DALE PRESS

Additional Mathematics (1)

20

6 20 --

6 15:4

6:58

4.8.

26 6 26 20 6 25 6.20 614 16 8 12.8. 10.7

3 8 20 6 6 10 20 20 10 2013 12 20 6 12.4 13.5

20:25

5

6 20 20.40, 6-20, 256 10 12 15.5 33.2

S

4-

6

2-26 7:6 6 20 6 6 20-20 6 20 6 12.3 13.0 26 20 20 6 20 25 4 10 20 2012 14.5 15.2

6 6 2.6 4.3

26 26 5 20 20 5 6 14 20 20 20 620 14.9 16.7

Total Marks: 140

140 140

If p1, the two equations are the same.

P #1 i.e.x=1

1 in the equation x2 + px + 1 = 0

+ p + 1 = 0

3. sum of a root

PUBLIS

product of two roots: tano

tang = tan[@ + (- 0}]

tane + tant 0)

LIBR

(a) A

(k. - 1)2

κι

tan(-9) =

(2)

(b) Since < 0.

SECTION A

4.S. SO

and

show that

1. If the 3 equations ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, bx2 + 2cx + a = 0

cx2 + Zax + b = 0.

both have double roots, are abc.

2. Find the value of p such that the equation x2 + 2px + 1 = 0 and

x2 + x + p = 0 have a common root.

3. If. tane and tan(-9)are the two roots of +\}} x2+px+q=0+ 4. Put in the two equations.

express p in terms of q.

4. If, are the roots of equation x2 + ax + bx = 0 and s, the roots of equation x2 + bx + ca, = 0, a b. Show the the roots of equation x2+ cx + ab = 0.

1.-

tan@tan(-ė)

Sub. (1), (2).

1=

Pq - 1

(Ans.)

2 + a + bc - 0

(1)

Kare

bot + ca = 0

(2)

for are

(1) - (2)

(a - b) = c(a - b)

* = €

(3)

p = bc

(4)

cat ac

(5)

A

(6)

is root of

From (4) P= b,

from (5)

rab

Find the value of 0 where

(3) + (6)

2 + + = -a - b

2* + + =

2(f + x) = 22 = -2c

B + 8 = -c

5. If is a root of equation x2 + x + 1 = 0. Find the value of

14 1...

d

+

6. If is a root of equation x2 - 4xcos20 + 2 = 0 and

equation

0 < 0 <

SECTION 8

2x2 + 4xsin2010.

7. Let and be the roots of (k - 2)x2 + (k • 1)x + (2k -·1) = 0.

(a) Find the value of k, if the equation has equal roots.

(b) If > 0 and 9, show that <k ( 2.

(c) If it is known that pc 0, show that

(d) Find an equation wrose roots are +k. Ak.

1.

8. Given the equation px2 - qx + 4 − p = 0 where p and q are real

numbers and p 0.

(a) If q = 2p, solve the equation.

(b) If n 2p, show that the equation has two real roots,

(c) If p, qare the roots of the above equation, show that

p3 2p + 1 = 0, hence find the values of g.

Solution:

1. A1 4b

4ac = 0,

b = ac

A 2 = 4c2

- 48b = 0

c2 = ab

(1)

(2)

A 3 4a2 - 4bc = 0

a = bc .....

(3)

ch + = {

are the roots of x2 + CX + ab = 0.

5. Put x = in the equation x2 + x + 1 ≈ 0

0 =

ú2 + d + 10...

sh2 + t + 1

ul + I

(1) x x

14

+

•2 = 1974.

=

-1

+0=0

ร

(1)

Sub. (2) in (1)2

4

b = a'{ab}

64

- a3b = 0

b(ba)

0

b(b - a){b2 + ab + a3] = 0

Since a, b are real.

b = 0

or

b = a

lf b = 0, From (2) c = 0, from (3) a = 0

b = c = i 0 If a b, from (1) a* = JC

a b c (Proved)

.. ac

(Proved)

cos20 =

E

4(k = 2)(2k − 1) = 0 2k + 1 = Bk* + 20k – 8 = 0 7k2 - 18k + 7 = 0

مري

cos20 +

4

cos24 = -

1

7

k = 9112

(Ans.)

< 0.

< k < 2

(Proved)

k.- 1)

< 0

k< 1 or k > 2

cosbinek 42

く

< k < 2

+ 2k

(d) sum of roots: ɖ+ p + 2k

2k2 - 5k+1

- 2

product of roots: {X+ k){ # + k)

·= αp + k(α + p ) + k2

2k - 1

k(k+1)

→

+

(k - 1)3

2

(Proved)

The required equation:

(k - 2)x2 - (2k 5k + 1)x + (k − 1)3 = 0

b. (a) When q = 2p, px2 -

2px + 2p p = 0 px2+2px:+ p = 0

·p(x* 2x + 1) = 0 x2 - 2x + 1 = 0

(Ans.)

(b) A = q2 - 4(p)(q - p)

x = 1

(Ans.}

*2 +

-= (x + 2)2 - 2

= (-1)2 - 2

[Ans.}

6. Put x x and x in the two equations 'respectively

=

- 4xcos20 + 20.... (1)

2. + 4

q4pg 4p*

= (2p - q) > 0

The equation has two real roots.

(c) sum of two roots = p + q = ..

(Proved)

..... (t)

༥ - པ༷

..... (2)

production of two roots = pq = From (1) p2 + pq q

skub (3) into (2)

qw

P

- p

p2 - p + p2

P

(2)

We have:

+ ab + a2 ƒ 0

from (2)

(3) - (1)

Asin20 - 1 = 0..... (2) 2-4dsin20 20... (3) 44(cos20 sin20) = 4

- 2p+ p = 0

$

་

c0520 - STR20

(4)

If

Sub. (4) into (1)

1

4cos 20

(cos20 - 5in28)* ' ens2A - sin20 + 2 = 0

14cos20(cos20 - sin20) + 2(cos20 - sin20)* = 0

1 - 4cos (20 + 4sin20cos202

4sin20cos200

c05220 ×

p2 - 2p 10 p2 - 2p + 1 = 0 (p-1)(p2 + p - 1) = 0

p = 1

from (3) p / 1

or

p'

2. Let vt be the common root.

We have:

x2 + på + 1 = 0

(1) and

£ 2 + + }

0

(1) - (2)

Ep 1

- 1

M

{Proved)

--15

- 0

(Ans.}

洲先生」榮銜。.

·果伊拉克的阿巴斯,辛達維再次衛冕一亞

· ‘一九七三年在馬來西亞吉隆舉行的

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照華、文萊縦文、女子

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一次以身高度分開三個級別來進行比一 「亞洲健美錦標賽」有十一個國家參加,:八屆-有十三個國家參加。

來幫助將來工作的東西,在當時來看覺得 有一美团公司需要一名員,自己從依其 殘人士找料工作之困難時,她說:「因眙 有什麽特別的諮酶或聲明時,她說..「她的美团的小女孩! 六,便選擇學一些同時有東西學及也可用 循道教助学基金的彭先生能自己继盂菲 他射均典南诏书 讓商科可符合此二者榮件。」當被問及傷一地址獨自生見工。」當間及老鹰有否對她,默默认鷄此冇邊可愛性格,但又宮變思 記者將將此次「瀕議」經歷後,不禁