育敎僑華 頁三第張七第
1988中學會考 試題預習專欄
歷史(廿七)
明缏出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Revision Exercises
for
Cern. Exam. (1983)
HISTORY (27)
The 1911-12 gevolution in China
From about the early 19th century onwards, the Qing dynasty was on the decline, politically, economically, and militarily. In
purticular, political-. provincial
decentralization become sore and more 'serious since the mid-19th century. This」.. Together with the Gomi ag of Western imperialism, quickened the downfall of the dynasty. To deal witil such internal, weakness... and external threat; the Qing government
attempted reform movementa which, however, proved to be failures.
Meanwhile, men like Sun Yixian were convinced. that revoletion, not refora, was what would really save China. He at first depended on the support of the overseas Chinese and secret societies. After repeated failures, however, he began appealing to foreign governments and overseas Chinese students. Altuuugh active foreign help was not obtained overall revolutionary. unity was batter strengthened with the founding of the Tong- menghi (1326) To.
1905. However,
the
revolutionary uprisings that were attempted were. all fallures。 The Wuhan Uprising en 自ctober 1日, 10
an accidentul succese, It. was not started by the Tongmengini men. Hecause of either
selfishness or anti-
Manchu untionaliam, many of the Qing'a modern armica did not come to the dynaavy's help. The local-provincial leadéra, who had been bitterly disappointed at the dynasty's insincere constitutional practice and the railway.
nationalization plan ini 1910-11, just watched. Then, seeing the: hopelessness of the dynasty, the gantry and militarists declared their provinces Lindependent of Beijing-
Even Yuan Shikad; the most important militarist, abandoned the qing and accepted the presideney of the new Republic. The Wuhen revolution provided ouly a alight puah, and the rotten dynasty, simply collapsed.
The 1911 Revolution. brought down the dynaty but did not create a strong republic, heing n power-hungry militarist, Yuan Shikai had no intention of practising democratic ruled the gentry-merchant- militarist alliance at
local levels resisted the central:government'B control. As a minority group enjoying little social support, revolution- aries like Sun Yixian had
ho political fiower, From: 1912 to 1916, yuan Shikại tried to create a dictator- ship and then to restare
monareby. The attempt failed, because of local- provincial opposition, and the country broke op into semi-
independent regions governed by selfish warlords and gentry. This led to rule by the
varlorde (1916-2616
| warinrd 、perind deliv
China's modernizatioge
上
764408223
總
increased social auffering, and worsened China's political disorder, all bad the effect of encouraging Japanese aggression.
Eust Asia from 1914 to 1922
The stable international aituation in Eeat Anim after the Russo-Japanese War in 1907 was upset by some developments in the 1910s, First, the full of the Qing dynasty in 1911-22 3ed to political disturbances in China. Secondly, JAPANI expeusion during the First World War upset the. traditional international balance of power. Thirdly, the
disappearance of cold imperialists like Russia and Germany during the var and the weakening of other old imperialiste like Britain and France after 1919, made it impossible to restore the balance.
Japan's war-time expansion resulted from bath internal and external conditions. Internally, the younger anbitious Japanese advocated a more positive foreign policy "tu strengthen Japan'ā imperialist position in East Asis, Externally, threats to Japanese interests in China were growing, while the withdrawal of the Western powers from East AsiD. during the First. World War gave Japan good opportunities to atrengthen such interests. Thus Japan seized the Geraan Shandong rights in 19 and presented the 21 Bemaude to China in 195. Then, spadesc
Tecognition of its gaina from both the Western power and. This explazed why in the Versailles settlement of
1919, Japan succeeded in retaining the war-time. Balms in her hands.
公
至工年
聘 安聘 兼
報日僑
China did not join the war until 1917. Even in 1917, the decision co enter the war was not popularly supported. The motives for entering the war were many. Whereas the warlords intended to obtain foreign supplies, liberal intellectuals wished to acquire for China s sent in the future peace Bettlement so as to demand the abolition of foreign imperialium. This hope was dashed, however, at the Versailles Conference in 1919. Bitterly disappointed, Chinese nationaliste rose against foreign imperialis, including Japan'a expansion, in the May Fourth Movement (1919).
The Washington Conference (1921-23) vsa an attempt by the powers to create a new international order that replaced the old imperialist system in East Asia. Basically.. the conference was a Western attempt at checking Japan"8 expansion. Because of Japanese cooperation, this aim was generally achieved. But inadequate attention had been given to Chinese nationalism. Horge'ytill, only
general, idealistic. principles were laid down to guvern the relations between the powers. With no effective
international safeguard of peace, Japan committed aggression again in the 1930s, The scw infèruational order proved to be a failse. The KMT and cor e fam to 1928
Sun Yixien lost ach
uence in the Tong- nengbut which was reorganized as the Kuomintang (KHT), After the KMT was banned by Yoan Shikai in 1913, Sun, set up a centralized: revolutionary body of his own, wherein he enjoyed absolute powers, He became determined ta
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enlarge his party's social support.
五期星
The May Fourthi HavenRTIL was born against e background of internal social-economic changes and intensified foreign ioperialism. The former gave rise to new, politically-conscious aockal lunaea like businessmen, factory workers and intellectuala, Their nationalist feelings were aroused by foreiga imperialism, and they vere driven into actions like strikes and boycotte,
They Fourth Incident in 19 was only the elimax of the "May Four th Movement", which extended from 1917 to 1923. In fact, the whole movement was an intellectual revolution, Modern ideas were enthusiastically experimented with, and traditions were uhundoned. The
| vernmcular Chinese (白話)
Wes popnlarized. Yet the izifluence of the Movement was short-lived and
confined to urban areas. More importantly, it failed to drive away the warlords and foreign imperialists,
However, the May Fourth Movement created a radical intellectual atmosphere," uider which the Chine憋 Communist Party (CUP): was founded in 1921...
The social-political ideals
and anti-capitalist nature of Communi so, attracted many radical Chinese intellectuals. The Communist emphasis on practical social- economic problems seemed Buitable and uppleable to Chiperenditjane. Besides the First World Yurged to iustrate the selfishmaterial: culture of western capit alism, while the. Bolshevale success in Russia in 19 「meunt a great Communi
victury in action. all these factors explained why Communism was. accepted by some Chine se
intellectuals.
ONORIM
五深
3-77011551028 OTHER
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JBOX 5103 HK.
日一月四(八八九一)年七十七國民華中
In the 1920s, internal political disunity and external Japanese aggressive expansion
provided the KMP and the CCP, with a common graund for no-operation, In working for national unification, Sun Yixian realized the importance of wider social support and Soviet help. In working for a Communit revolution, the CP understood its own' weakne an, and the importance of allying with the KT, Thus in 1923, the KMT and the CCP formally chtered into a cuulition. The KMT ́enjoyed greater
leadership than the CCP, From 1923 to 1926, Soviet Russia and the CCP actively helped the KMT in party reorganization, military reform. economic, modernization and social mobilization. This enabled the KMT to strengthen its hold in Guangdong before marching northward for national unification. After the death of Sun Yixian, Jiang Jiesia military general became as the eading figure in the KMT after a power struggle. On the route of the Northern Expedition (1926-28), Jing Jieshi.. purged the Communists, and, allied with conservative forces such as landlords And warlorda. The First KMT-CCP Coalition came. an end in this way. Although e KMT set up & national government in Nanking after 1928, many of the former warlords still ruled their territorieg rather independently. In this sense, the 1928 national unification was. incomplete.
經請
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to
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (27)
Exercise 14:
General Revietou
1. Using the aubatitatien
do J1+sine
2. Given that x-acos
y-arin', deconstant. a) find
b) Show that
and
do
sec "OnoseCÒ
dz
(a) Sketch the curve
y = 3 x 2 x 3
(b) Find the vulume of
the solid generated when the urea enclosed by the
-axis and the curve in (a) in rotated about the x-axia
4. Given the circler
2
(a) Find the centre and
radius of the circle.
5.
(b) Show that the circle
toucheg the xazig and find it point of contact..
(c) Prove that, if BT is
another, tangent from T(3.0),the point of
contact b(b,k) aust
satisfy the conditio
(a) Une De Moivre's
theorem to find the cube ropte of unity. (b) If the roots of (a)
are denoted by
(廿七) (4)
MILL & DALE PRESS
Revision
1. J, We prove that
(11)22.
(e) Using the results of
(b) prove, if xweb.
2
Cert.Exam. (SRS) H
that
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