1988-01-27 — Page 32

1895 to 1900, China

wou nearly partitioned

十七國民華中

頁四第張八第 日九初月二十年卯丁曆夏

氣天

| 1988中學會考 試題預習專欄

缯

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|ELENEX88五月在港舉行 |外,匯價的變化有利而|民亦较具信心。 反應熱烈踴躍參展

了!趁發展路战的改袒下,潘慈對未來西厥市

第三屆香港回来電 及亞洲務公司等。本

華僑經濟

蔬

術

调

刊

第江王主

歷史(十八)

MILL & DALE PRESS

Revision Exercises

for

Cert、Exam.(1988)

HISTORY (18)

THE 1911 REVOLUTION

This time we will study

the 1911 Revolution in China, There are these points to remember;

The revolution brokė

out in Betaber 10. 1911. But the Qing. Dynasty did not fall

until early 1912.

2. The revolution was not

well-planned,

Revolutionaries

prepared for it

hurriedly, and mist of them expected it to

be another failure.

Therefore the eventual success was a surprise.

13. Because the revolution

ended the age-old

monarchical system of government da China, historians.may. exaggerate the import- ance of the part played by revolutionary leaders like Sun Yi-xian. 2. Sun Yi-xian did play

a part in bringing.

about the revolution,

but it was moť na

direct as people. thought..

4. We could say that:

a. that

revolutionaries

overthrew the

Qing dynasty.

b. that the weak

dynasty collapsed itself..

In fact, both of these

were partly true. But

byae. more important then

CAUSES FOR THE 1911 REVOLUTION.

1. Coming of the West and

growing imperialism -

The Westernáds ense to

Chim and opened ter

ap eince 1850. Prom

by foreign powers, There were the

following ways of

saving Chizis:

a. At first, some

Chinese thought thay

could reform the

Qing Dynasty and make China strong

again. however, the Self-strengthening

Movement (1862-1894)

and the Hundred Day Reform (1898) ended in failure. This

ahowed that reform seemed useless.

b. Then, som's Chinese people tried to resist foreigners hy armed force. An example was the Boxer Uprising (1900-1901). Thie method was equally useless.

c. More and more

Chinese felt that

to save Chine, the

Qing Dynasty

must be averthrown.

2. The need to modernize

Chino-Limited

reform did ust make

China strong, Hony people felt that Chine must follow the Western powers iu establisliing a guvernment based on the people. Thus the

Qing Dynasty mul he ended first.

| REASONS FOR THE SUCCESS. OF THE 1911 REVOLUTION Thìn is different from general causes of the revolution itself. When we speak of the causes of the revolution, we are expected to answer WHY there was a revolutions, when we speak. of the reasons (or causes)"för the success, we are expected to answere

the revolution succeeded in 1911 and not earlie

1. Becline of the ging

Dynasty-me printed

onelägt time the Qing that

been off the decline since the early 19th century, whether politically wouk control over provinces), socially (growing independent. power of social Lendazy called scholar-gentry),

summer collg (the government becoming yoores and poster)

governments armed VİS

WAH KIU YAT PO

forces becoming weaker

nud weaker). If there

had not been the coming of Westerners which stimulated reform and revolution, perhaps a new dysty might have replaced tie qing Dynasty.

2、 Foreign-imperialiam - Chinese people wanted to save their country. The Qing Dynasty seemed an obstacle. Se people tried tu

overthrow it.

3. Effects of the Late

Qing Reform(1901-

10 years of the dynasty, the ging government attempted

n. sending students to

study abroad, far example, Japan

But these studenta became dissatisfied with the corrupt rule of the ging Dynasty (because of the influence of

new ideas). Many of these students became

revolutionariee trying to overthrow the

bynn aly.

h. practice of

contitul

rule, which gave u chance to lens) provincial Isaders (called scholar- ̇gentry) tn

establish independent power against the central government, c.militar

modochizati

the region of

newarmis

th

the rise of regional armies loyalta regional leaders like

Yuan Shi-kai and not to the central. government,

As you can see, the Qing Dynasty tried

n

refore itself, but the

efforts only quickoned its own downfall

because the reforms Ted

to forces that

eventually tried to overthrow the gynisty instead of gaving it.

The Chinose · Bevilation- ry murient - This was led by man like Sun:

Yi-xiau und Huang Xing (1) They tried many

Linea til overtrtok ala the Qing Dynasty.

旅遊介紹 專稱廣告

報日僑

EVENTS LEADING TO THE 1911 REVOLUTION

1. New army in the Wuhna

arens - The army w所說 js of lay

Qing Reform. Hut many soldiers sul officers were influencedry revolutionary Idens and were not loyal to the ing goverment. They set up revolutionary organizations, one of which was called Liverary Society. The Literary Society prepared a revolt in Wuhan, but a Heanbe

knew the plan, herause the revolutionaries

accidentally

exploded a teak while testing it. The revolutionaries feared that further delay would lend to their being captured by the government, so they started a revolt the next day, Ertuber 39. 2. Declaratios of

independence by the provineca - The fllowing eru钋ps ut people should have come to the help of the Qing Dynasty even 17 Wuhan was in the kennus of the revolutionaries: (a) officials 5) the army (e) scholar-genury at Local-provincal

Ievels. BUT they did not in fact, iu he following 2 mouls or telecinred Pripravíures.

kfrom he big igaaaly, this fornelly put an en

to the ging Dynny DOTSP

CONCLUSION: COLLAPSE OF THE QING DYNASTY Revolutionaries (like Sun Yi-xian) provided n slight push (local small- scale revultaj -ngainst the Ming enanty. Because the ing

Dynasty was very work (weak control over the provinces) and because it did not liave supportera,

附加數(十八)

MILL & DALE PRESS

Revision Exercises

for 想 Cert. Exam. (1988)

日七廿月一年八八九一曆公年七十七國民華中

三期星

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (18

Solutions to exércise y

(cos4x+cosbx)dx

y=1-x

불(춤)

11-x

dx

-ƒ (1-x)dx+f, -(1-x)dx

-1

2.

育教僑華

dx-Arosede

When xoi, Q

(Ane.)

44.hein"

3.

etx

and let t√x~•1

20088

2x

-idt

I=√√x2 +1-x dx

-jt.tdt

{ans.)

.ft at

(a) Let Isin eosxdz

心

and let sintt when x=0, t=0

and when - 1

lao ji (ninx)max(t)

dt

dt

CORT

~2.2

•COSX

dt

cost

2

(b) Lot Inf

2.1+2

1+1+2

Putting u

Zudurdx

เม

rotating arme DAR

About X-AXIS

93 dx

22f(umum)dn

(Ans.)

Alternative Method:

2

XCOGXIX

2

Jǒuin2xux(H

1

whep x-3, 1

(Anu}

culte units

Voluie Formed by rotating area nat

Volang fained by rotating area DBAC about y-axis

-Yalane formed by rotating area DAC about g-uxi =1)(1)- "dy

(*,'volume of OBAC

uveḥ, of cylinder)

FUw, tex−2

.*.dtdx

(1-0)

(b), ^{cos4x+casúx)dx

-(ein4x+żsinox)

(iof-nino)+

Si hee cos5kebay

*(con4X+¢©86x)

XHU, th

ilt

部

-x-23

cubic units,

required ratio

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