wait for a chance to seize power.
育教悕華
頁三張四第日八初月正年卯丁屡夏
1987中學會考 試題預習專欄
歷史( 廿 )
明油出版社
··MILL & DALE PRESS
Revision Exercises.
for
Cert. Exam. (1987)
RISTORY (20.).
Describe the changes in
KMT-CCP relations in the |period, 1921 - 1937.
Give reasons for the
fchanges.
The KMT and CCP.
copperated in
1923 1927. This was known as the First KMT-CCP Coalition. However, the two parties ran into conflict with each other, mainly the KMT chasing after the CCP, from 1928 to 1935. Then in 1936, the two parties were allied with each other again. Thi the Second KMT-CCP Coalition.
The facts are easy t好 assemble, as the question is a general one. You must, however, remember to give reasons for the changes. in the relationship between the. KMT and CCP, e.g. why the. two parties cooperated at first, why the cooperation then broke down, and : lastly why the two parties cooperated again in the end.
1. 1923-27 First
KMT-CCP Coalition
Coalition is just. another word for cooperation.
Reasons':
(1) Encouragement.by
Soviet Russia Soviet Russia believed that the CCP (Chinese
Communist Party). was newly formed and weak and 'must' work with the KMT in order to struggle for power. Soviet leaders
themselves had the
experience of
cooperating with
the middle class to
before the October Revolution of 1917.
(2).Noed to deal with
the cowmoi.enemy. of the warlords and imperialism --
Both the KMT and
CCP were patriotic. Warlords, and
foreign imperialism
were obstacles in
the way of China'
unification. The
two parties therefore,
cooperated to work
for national unification, putting aaide their differences for the time being.
(3) Sun Yi-xian's
socialistic ideas
One of Sun's political doctrine.s was "the livelihood of the people (B), which was similar to
socialism. Besides,
Sun hoped to
absorb the CCP
while the CCP
exected the
opposite.
Course der
(1)jin 1922, Sun Yi-xian
decided 'on the
policy. of
alliance with Soviet Russia; admission of the Communists"
(2) In 1923, Sun and
Joffe (a represen~ tative from Soviet Rusala) announced the Sun-Joffè Manifesto. The coalition started.
2. 1927 28 Breakdown
of the Firat KMT-CCP Coalition
A. Reagons-
(1) The death of
Sun Yi-xian and the rise of rightist forces in the KMT Sun died in 1925. Within the. KHT, a struggle for power appeared, and in the end. Jiang Jie-shi.
rase in influence) He was politically rightist; He
decided to break with the CCP.
.
(2) The completion of:
China's unification By 1928,all China vas nominally
unified under the KNT'à rule. Jiang, Jie-ahi therefore no longer felt the
WAH KIU YAT PO
heed of depending. on the CCP against the warlorde.
(3) The KMT's change to.dependence.on
the wealthy middle. class and landlorda
As the KMT marched northward
from Guàngdong,. they occupied
different territories and were closely associated with many wealthy Chinese and foreign
bussinessmen. These
people supported: the KMT so as to safeguard their interests. The KMT had to break with the CCP.
(4) Growing radical
activities by the CCP - When the coalition firat started, the CCP promised not to engage in revolutionary activities. In 1926-28, however, because of social... confusion caused by the
unification process, the CCP attempted many such activities, The KMT feared the consequences.
B. Course
(1) The First Purge of.
the CCP in 1926 Many CCP members were arrested by the T
(2) The Second Purge
of the CCP in 192
Many. CCP membere were
killed.by,the T
3.-1928 1935 the KMT-COF struggle In this period, the two parties confronted and then: fought against each other. From 1928." to 1930, the KMT-
concentrated on @internal development.
aa China was newly unified. The CCP stayed in countryside areas to establish bases of pover. Starting from 1930, the KMT conducted a number of military campaigns to try to destroy the CCP. These were called
extermination.
campaigns. Reasons for
the military struggle were as follows:
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A. Ideological
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difference between the two parties The KMT was based on capitalism, but the CCP:wna based on communism.
B. The KMT's success
in unification --- The KMT succeeded in defeating, many warlords from:1928 to 1930. Jiang Jie-shi could therefore.
concentrate on dealing with the CCPL
C. Jiang Jie-shi
policy of destroying
communism before defending China against Japanese aggression Japan started aggressioD on China since. September 16, 1931. But Jiang Jie-shi's policy. was to strengthen internal control of the country before handling the external problem. of the Japanese. From 1931 to 1935, the KMT conducted 5 extermination campaigne ogaiost the CCP. The last one forced the communists to give up their base in Central China. The KMT chased, and the CCP escaped. This was the famous Long March (1934) 55).
4.1935 36 Formation
of the 'Second KMT-CCF Coalition'.
In 1935 36, members of the CCP escaped to Shaanxi of Northwest 'China. The KMT O 8 ****
about to start the sixth extermination campaign. But Jiang Jie-shi was kidnapped by one of his generals. wio wanted Jiangto agree to cooperation with the CCP again. This was the Xi'an Lucident (西安事變):王老 brought about the Second KMT-CCP Coalition. The reasons were as follows:
A. Strong Chinese
nationalism and demand for internat unity against M Japanese aggression -Many Chinese:
natfonalista objected to the KMT's policy. They argued that the KMT and CCP should put aside their quarrels and form a united front against
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the Japanese. Jiang Jieshi was
der to pass the exam.
fun of a oripple.
put it in another way
kidnapped because of this
'B. The CCP's advocacy for cooperation
The CCP wanted à breathing pace, o
it was threatened by the KMT. The CCP advocated cooperation with the KMT against Japan
C. Boviet Russia's
encouragement of. KMT-CCP coalition - This policy enabled. Soviet Russia to defend herself against the threats of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. D. The Sian Incident This forced Jiang Jie-shi to agree to the second coalition with the CCP.
5. 1937 Outbreak of
the Second Sino-Japanese War and the KMT-CCP cooperation-
In July 7, 1937 the China Incident occurred in North China. This led to the
war. outbreak of a between China and Japan. The KMT and CCF agreed to cooperate to defend China, though
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英文(廿 )
Revision Exercises
for
Cert, Exam, (1987) ENGLISH (20)
CITY EDUCATIONAL PRESS
Dear student
Today ra like to draw your attention to some more English dddoms. As these idioms are also very useful,you are advised to learn them all.
1. in any case
whatever happens.
may have happenedy In any case
́any case, I don't want to go to the meet- ing.
2, in favour of
anthe alde ofjagrée- ing with
Are you in favour of "the proposala7.
3. in order to
- with the purpose of
(doing something)
He studies hard in
4. in other words
He took my book without
my permission. In er words,he stole it
5. do ahort
to sum up briefly He is tall,atrong and.
and smart. In short,he is a good-looking man.
6. in spite of
notwithstanding
He went out in spite of
the rain.
7. in the dark
in complete ignorance of the fact
I am in the dark about
the event..
8. in time
(a) early enough,not
Late
(b).
The police arrived
just in time to catch the thief.
at some indefi- nite time in the future
If you keep on trying you will succeed in
time.
9. in turn
w one after another,in
order
The boys were summoned
in turn to see the ex- aminer.
10, in vain
with no result;with... out sucoOSS.
All my efforts were in
vain-
11. in view of
considering
In view of the facts, it seems: useless to continue,
12. keep one's word
- keep one's promisa
He always keeps his
words.
13. look forward to
e-expect with pleasure
I am looking forward
to seeing you again,
14. lose one's temper
become angry Hearing what his
friend said,he lost his temper
make no difference
be of no importanoe
It makes no differance whether you agree or not.
15. make fun of = laugh at
It is wrong to make,
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17. make up one's mind
decide
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I have made up my mind
to do it..
18. more or less
(a)
="almost;nearly
The work in more
or less finished,
(b) = about;not exact-
1y
It's an hour's
Journey, more or less.
19. no longer.
- not any more.
He no longer lives.
here.
20. no matter
- it is of no impor-
tance
No matter what he said she did not listen.
21. not at all
not in the least
I was not at all aware
that. I was in a trap.
22. nothing but
> onlyimerely
He is nothing but an
ordinary man.
23. now and then
times
occasionally; some-
I hear from him now
and then.
24. on purpose
■ deliberately
He broke the window on
purpose.
25. on time « punctually:
Students ahould always.
arrive at school on. 由ime.
26. once and for aly
in a final manner
Please make up your
mind once and for all
27. out of date
old-fashionedy no
* longer in use
That old man's ideas
and ways of life are really. out of.data.
28. out of order
not working properly
The lift is out of or
der.
29. out of the question
impossible
have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the queation.
30. owing to = because of
Owing to illness,he
was absent from school.
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