1985-12-19 — Page 26

「八千餘人日

據悉現時全港共存

|十五的禇業先修製校·

十一月蹀至十二月初 珮業先學校每年

|學校位於九旅橫頭磡國|中選梭,並使社苫各界

分佈港、九、新界、雜有舉辦開放、敲開

·岛各處。秧輪業先修,以配合小學畢業生素。

小

一爲本港第一同接受政府較深入之的解

* 寶〔亂溪),成十一公尺五三。 人士對職業先修學校有,二、郭錦明〔陳樹渠),三、廖國 綠一九七三年,

男丙鐵球:一、胡志輝(拔萃〕

期出版五百份至今的第一 王「依柏之聲」,由第一古攝一「草原狀 榨出版的一份老人刊物、苗族舞「雖赜」及 〔特訊)山志丽辮 ̧櫙」及「蠟燭盤子 此外,越有男女

一百期已增至一萬六千重門「靜豹之歌」、

「松柏之聲」出版量

已增至一萬六千份

日九十月二十年五八九一暦公年四十七國民華中 育教育體聞港

#

扶輪職業先修校

本港新聞

體育項

(德望),成績一公尺五〇。 二、楊燕冰〔鳳溪),三、李詠欣 女甲跳高:一、何卓慧(德望)

·該校參觀者共八十校 情況。槃統計,先後街界服務,配合社會發展 校各專鲎工岛學生要習,引導學生投身上、商 年一分科教學活動展實及紐本港主要行業之內容 四「教育」幻境介紹,拨校一另一方面又可向學生介 ↓容包括「香港融業先修一學生潛能,培逐興運, 業生集體參觀,參觀内|能之訓練,一方面啓發

•接待各院小學國畢,可接受數種基本技 外,北市十二個上讓一般中學學科知識之傳授 照常上課,除學期考試,在學期間,既可变得一 。上述期間,該校學生、、商、實用科目。學生 昨(十七)日圓滿結束,除普通學科外,並設工 | 廿日起舉行開放悶,至中五廿九+深 中一職業完修學校由十一月 校,該校目前開辦中一 經中華基督教會扶輪資助辦理之職業先修學」

開放週圓滿結束少平(地利亞),成績五公尺八九。

),二、唐志冲(陳樹渠),三、何 男丙跳遠:一、蕭國邦〔聖若瑟

鳳),成績卅八公尺卅六。 二、陳柏熹(拔萃〕,三、張東(

·男甲鐵:一、吳育聽、漢華

播坐在商討關於老人服

「上花江上」及「救包

【界各州,且每月有二百 份,其流闊之风遍及世一棓體」李女聲獨唱「小

20%) HREIN

期求索取的南件。 星:萬大陸每日有百多封思, 五十份的索閱量,而中」及「黃河怨」。一

皮卡五元,現已在修 門券分五元、十

報日僑華四期星

堂察局發售

一柏之唯一的成就。 百前開記者會介紹「必 教之器一押团和夜古人, 聖雅各福夲會「送

中區若干樓宇

週五停供食水|

I

.臂印人陳照說:

布:中區若干戰爭將於

同區議會、教育界、傅一廁進行鬨融工程 | 方面的欢迎和關性、連一,暫停食水供點,以

THENNI BERT | SECURI

•不符受老人家及有關)晚上十一時至翌诗

男甲八百:一、梁栢千培僑)

受影響樓宇紀榮澡,利亞 ),二、鍾浩銘(拔萃, 男乙三級跳遠:一、鄒偉常八地

(

拔萃),成績二分〇四秒四九。 ,二、譚偉華八地利亞〕,三、鄭思

務問題時,亦以一匡柏臣道,會所街,打道蕈

̇干諾道有著愛著他對「譚仲英(拔萃〕,成績十三公尺八七

及師鼎態、傘

WAH KIU YAT PO

頁二第張七第日八初月一十年丑乙曆夏

團舞歌蘭木

「舞演

出演節誕聖人,當人係、關的人相

29.11.

團出團版

不公平的,烟草公司亦

| 七時酒分,在元朗出修

可透過其他媒介背 RE

BE A G

靠在合闲林常民

A SZANK 桂概七封条映後

推禁人特形可懷席:酸低

心於現

民教育科時,亦訐製求,包括大星碼頭及大會堂 料,至於學生在學公河及康樂廣翡範圍內, 之路」為參考改研將資

廣播報告書意見

老人方面的再她,内容 下月底呈交當局

灣仔區議會蒐集

F

WEA UWE

她指出有關禁烟間。 六

題單由電台電視推行是

男丙一百:一、蕭國邦、聖若瑟

她湖湖報告港东江紅(伯蛋),成績五公尺〇七5 說戰,並與其他實廣告),二、鄭幗英(德望),三、黃慧「平(地利亞)、成績十一秒八五。

女乙跳遠:一、倪文玲〔瑪利諾),二、江爲民(凤溪),三、何少

·氣功學名家表表者,

楊達人桃李滿門

「女散花」;祖尼舞「飘”等]

難覓衣砵傳授人

PETE SECONVERS

國古典舞「坐位夜湫、|可取之地方是有監管

KATE

SENRIC

道非常道,

设

七性心,議定,安得,做超凡入聖: 北剂,有身體棒台爲號,到爐火純屿,潑 眾生中具此後性情,如與垂翁角,不知何何占 ,人亲安息,乃可做修禪定,至光种出舍,開

「不多人,惜商法有一個記爲可作衣缽的人心 ,他的學生為數適度人,其中進隨數載者小人。 一尋師難,我徒也作,拐老師誨人不惓,衝著導

• A de

经

的欲佛,難

1986

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史(十二)

明德出版社

胡應亮提供資料

Revision

Exercise

for

Cert. Exam. (1986)

HISTORY (12)... VIOLA. Y. Y." WONG

MILE & DALE

The fol

LTD

is Tam

outline of the Heiji. ⠀ modernization of Japan (1868-1912). The word "Meiji" was the name of the emperor who ruled Japan during this period --the Meijí „Emperor. Before 1868, Japán was feudal country: no central government, backward economy and society, ruling class known as the samurai, division of the land into many feudal domains called ban(). From that year to 1912, whợn, the Heiji Emperor died, many reforms were attem ted, and these

reforms changed, or transformed, Japan, greatly. This made Japon a modern state. The process through which Japan became a modern state is known as "modernization"

Background to modernization

Why did Japan, try to modernize herself?.

1. Western imperialism

Since 1853–54, foreigners came to Japan and opened her up for trade and increased contact j (A) Economic imperiai.

Western goods entered Japan and "destroyed the

traditional handicraft

industries in many маув....

(B) Military imperialism

-Western countries had superior military technology and weapons. They could use them to threaten Japon's national safety.. Therefore, the Meiji statesmon (who helped create the new Meiji state in 1868) set the goals of modernization as rich country and strong army",

2. Meiji Restoration

The Meiji Епрегог мав restored to rule Japan. in 1868. when the Tokugawa shogunate (which dominated Japanese feudal clans before 1868) was. averthrown. This made it possible to carry out modernization

Preliminary steps to modernization – These

steps include:

Abolition of feudalism

Politically, clan

governments of the past

(ruling different

parts of Japan rather

independently) were

abolished, Clan armies

were abolished too.

Then Japan was, divided into over. 70 ·

prefectures (similar

to provinces), and in each of them the. central government, în' Tokyo appointed officials to rule the people in society, the samurai's social position, was

cancelled, so that all people enjoyed equal. right and shared equal responsibilities. The samurai were given a salary, but from 1876 on the salary was changed into a lump sampaid once and for all Many samurai resented the loss of their superior social. position. Some

revolted against the new government, like in 1877. But they were not a serious problém.

2. Setting up a

centralized government This was necessary for central planning of the modernization programmes...

Provision of a reliable source of income for the central government

The land tax wae reformed. In 1873 all. landowners were required by law to pay

a yearly tax (of 3%.

of the land value) to the central

government. So the central government had a constant and reliable source of money to carry out its different modernization programmes. As after this reform the land- tax could be predicted, the Meiji, government could plan its finances better too. Until 1888, land tax alone was. responsible for over half of the Meiji government's total incözé..

Different modernization programmes The Mejí government carried out these programmes at the same time. The willingless to do so helped to explain why` modernization was successful.

1. Economic modernization

Development of military-strategic

industries. This was understandable, in view of the need to defend the country against foreiga. imperialism. There was development of consumer industries too. This vimed at protecting Japanese goods against foreign economic imperialism. (s) Firstly, agriculture

was modernized, for

Japan was still an e

agricultural country.

at this time.

Students were sent to other countries to learn more advanced agricultur -- al technology. Foreign experts were employed. New kinds of seeds and plants were introduced, And

experimental'

agricultural stations and colleges were set up. With the income.. obtained from agricultural. development, the

Meiji government

could finance other

"modernization

programme 8.

(b) In the 1870s, the

Meiji government developed industries herself, becouse private businessmen were unwilling to do so; que to the risk involved. Thus shipbuilding yards,' gun-powder and 20 munition factories, and artillery works were established. These were all military strategic industries. Non

military-strategic

industries included silk-reeling plants, glass and chemical manufacturing plants, cotton- spinning factories, etc.

(c) From the early 1880s

onwards, the Meiji government began to sell non-military industries to private hands, but retained control of the military. industries.

(d) Because of (c), some private Japanese companies benefitted greatly. They obtained industries from the government at very clieap

prices, Thiey became financial giants or financial combines

called the Zaibatsu 謝

2. Educational

mudernization The re

were 2 main aims:

i.. acquiring Western

knowledge.

ir strengthening

national unity. a) In the 1870s, universal, Compulsory education was introduced and carried out.

However, conserva tivea soon feared that Festern education would destroy Japan's national tradition. They opposed education ori

Western, liberal

Jinės,

(b) In the 1880s or so.

education became

more and more illiberal and, conservative.

Although Jajaue se still learnt Western technology, they were taught absolute

loyalty to the

state. Free thinking was not encouraged This was the root of Japan's ultra- nationalism, which later (in the 20th eentury) led to conquest of China, the Pacific War (1941-45), and lastly disaster for

Japenes dur

(e) Meanwhile, during

the Meiji period, national unity was atrengthened hy educational modernization,

which therefore contributed to the success of a ki modernization programmes,

Military modernization

At first, the aim was to defend Japon against possible attack from foreigners. From the 1980s on, however the aim was win offensive vars and acquire imperialist possessions, (a) 1873, Conscription.

Law - Alludult male citizens had to serve in the army or navy for a period, In this way; national armed forces were created. (b) 1878 and, after -

discipline in the army and navy was made tighter. Administration was centralized. There- after, the Japanese military forces became more and more. authoritarian and conservative.

4. Political

modernization

constitutional movement.

(a) it started as

struggle for pover among the Heiji; leaders. Some

political leaders"

"wanted to make use

of the movement

(calling for the adoption of a constitution) to obtain power from

tue leaders who ran the government, Therefore, there was got a real desire for the benefits of

a consitution. From 1868 to 1877, some of the Meiji Leaders opposed the ruling leaders by armed rebellions. The rebellions were suppressed. So the opposition leaders chone the peaceful Way of struggling for power through the constitutional movement

i. 1881-the Meiji'

government” announced that a constitution would. be adopted by.. 1889. The Meiji government wished toimitute the Western constitu~'

tional system. From 1881 to 1889,

the Meiji govern-

ment strengthened the rule of the Emperor and discouraged the áctivities of political parties. When the

constitution was adopted in 1889, there was not much change to the basically illiberal..

authoritartian

nature of the

Meiji state.

Results of modernization

– The results were superficial (on the surface)!

1. Only national

'institutions were

changed; rural society. remained very conservative. The people were conservas tive.

But meanwhile, Japan successfully protected herself against -foreign imperialism.

In fact, as Japan had been successfully modernized, she became an imperialist power herself.

3. When Japan was weak (in the 1850s or 1860), she had to sign sone unequal treaties with the Western powers. When Japan was successfull modernized, ahe revised these unequal treaties (in the 1890s)..

But becausé – undemocratic, authoritarian forces

vere not removed during the moderniza-

tion process, the

ground was paved for the the rise of militarism later.

生物(十二)

【明德出版社

卓偉嘉 提供資料

Revision Exercise

for

Cert. Exam. (1986)

BIOLOGY (12) ANTHONY CHEUK

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Solution to unït 6:

Water and organisma.

(1)

i.

Bubble potometer

ii. It measures the rate

of water absorption.

The rate of water absorption will be alower when the apparatus is covered by the hood of black polythene. It is due to the decrease in light intensity or increase in relative humidity inside the hood that causes decrease in rate of transpiration: The plant should be

.

cut under water to

prevent the blockage. of xylem vessels by air bubbles.

Transpiration

vi. Transpiration pull, capillary force and root pressure. Xylem. It also serves. as mechanical tissue for supporting the plant.

(2)

ii. A plot of change in. length of potato cylinders (mm) against

sucrose concentration.

solution.

iii.10% sucrose

(1)The water potential

of 3% sucrose solution is higher than the water potential of potato strip. As a result, a net water influx into the potato strip from the surrounding sucrose solution through the semi-permeable membrane

·(3.).

iii.

cells by osmosis. The gain of water сашдав it become longer.

(2)The water potential

of 18% sucrose. solution is lower than the water.

potential of potato strip. As a result the potato cells lose water into the -surrounding solu-

tion by osmosis. The loss of water causes it become shorter..

Boiling destory, cell membrane semi-permea bility and no ogmosÍ can take place..

To compare the rate of transpiration of the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf at different times of the day.

A plot of time taken for cobalt chloride Paper to change

colour (min) against time, of the day.

(1)The rate of trang- piration is faster

at the lower

surface since less

time is required for the colour change.

(2)The rate of

transpiration. increases from 0800 to 1200 and is highest at noon. The rate. then decreases from 1200 to 1800.

(1)It is because the

lower surface has more stomata and thinner cuticle than the upper surface...

(2)It is because the

light intensity increases from 0800 to 1200 and is strunge at at noon. The light intensity, then decreases from 1200 to 1800,

This

ensures that the. covered areas are equal for comparison.

vii. It prevents the cobalt

chloride paper from. absorbing atmospheric moisture.

viii.(1) Blue (2) Pink

thick

inner.

cell wall

tbin outer celi voll

epidermal

celk

-cytoplas

тасце le nucleus bloroplast.

Leaf C because the stomata occur only on the upper epidermis, this avoids the stomata being blocked by the water below the leaf and facilates the direct absorption of air from the atmŰ sphere.

ii. Leaf Dis a submerged

leaf and gaseous exchange can take place directly with the surrounding water by diffusion.

iii.Leaf E because it, bas

the least number of stomata.

iv. Leaf B in igebilateral leaf which has its leaf blade held vertically and equally exposed to sunlight.

Leaf A is a dorsivent- ral leaf. The lower epidermis has more stomata can reduce water. Loss by transpiration through transpiration, and prevent the blockage of the stomata, by dust or rainwater.