1985-07-16 — Page 37

頁四第張九第

1985

日九廿月五年丑乙曆夏 WAH KIU YAT PO 報日僑華

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史科建議答案

明德出版社 提供資料

SUGGESTED. ANSWERS TO

HISTORY I G)

1. low for was

the 1911 Revolution in China.

the work by

revolutionariesz What the question

Askey - This is 8 question on the reasons for the success of the 1911 Revolution. Note that this is different from the general

·causes, "of the revolution, which include things like the decline of the Ch'ing dynasty and introduction of. western, progressive ideas. In analysing the reasons for tire success of the revolution, we should concentrate ob the events from the Wuhan uprising on Oct. 10, 1911 to early 1912) when the Ch'ing

dynasty collapsed to provincial declarationg of independence, The question wants you

due

to discuss the part played by the revolutionaries in bringing down the Ch'ing dynasty (b) to discuss other fuctors.

which led to the

downfall of the Ch'ing dynasty in 1911-1912. What to include

You can include the

following in your

1.Revolutionaries such 05. Sun Yta'and Buang sing repeatedly attempted armed uprisings against the Chaing government in

Chino on Oct 10,-. 19110 OIL hroke tout in Wulan, and

the Manchu official in charge ove up resistance, The

region fell to the

hands of...

revolutionaries,

Towever; the revolt was not planned by

revolutionary

organizations led by Sun Yate好感器 政府道:

Hyang Baing. It was

started by members ifeisaw army of the government, and Lieue oldiers were influenced by revolutionary idens, Procloan'tious of the revolution-were then sent to other parts

China

following the bet 40

province after another proclaimed independence from

the Peking government。 The new responsible for these provincial declarations of... independence were mostly conservative scholars or militasiata(wi程 rose in power during the Late Ch'ing Reform. Programme). These people were not revo lukionaries, but they were not loyal to the Ching court and they did not

want revolutionary

disturbances to spread to the territories unter

either

their control This explained why they declared their provinces

independent from che Ching government. 5. Conclusion

Revolutionaries such as Sya Yotaen and Hung Hsing did not plun: the Wuhan aprising, However, for many years, they had tried repeatedly to start revolts in overthrowing the Ching, dynasty, and these had the effect ut hastening the "downfall of the dynasty in the end. It was the declarations of independence made by the different provinces that eventually overthrew the Ching in 1911.

1918 The

Fevolutionaries

a slight provided

push, and

then

events occurred

which led to, the collapse of the imperial.gvm. together with the mannretical system of governmenta Note: You can expand and give more specific examples to the above points, However, it is not wise to describe

lie ouerul causes of the 1911 Revolution, for the question requires us La guay I se 'the'custrihut Tons møde by the revolutionaries to the success of the. revolution in 1211-12. Descirbe the meritsi and demerits of the. Meiji reforme What the question7

nskes - This is a very gene calquestion, Am事athing about the Hes ji modernization and its different reform measures can be included. However, zeneral questions aṛe. often more difficult to tackle then other questions, as you we must be careful in- selenting relevant

·information för inclusion in the essay Remember that the merits of die Meiji roforms refer to the various benefits that the reforms gave

athungary and hy for winning wars, rerogai tion by western powers of Japan's Progress,etc. The denefits refer to the buraful effects of the reforms themselves, Cand cany,nf these are

eincerned with the rise of militarin in Hapan in the 1930s -Tutor. Timing is very

important in answering this question. It is wise to refer to the question goin and -ngain, when writing the

you intend to include is essential. What to ne lude

(The Meiji modernization can be upplysed in terms of

faur aspects: economic

and arctal,

二期星

educational, military, and political. So we can use these to plan

1.Surial and economic

abolition of feudalish; agricultural modernization; the

income

taxation; the Government using the

income to set up industries; the Government, selling off industries to přivate companies. for further development sinine the early 1980's, Merits Social and

ecunomic reforms gave, Japan modern social and economie, structure to rely on. for development. This helped Japan to shake off foreign economic imperialism For example, textiles and silk- exports from Japa helped to balance foreign imparts. Demerits The rise of conservative wealth and power combines kuowang

the zaihatsu paved the way

for the rise of militarism.

2.Educational

Compulsory education introduced; tight

g

control ever education since, the early 16809; use of eduction to promote nationalism.. Serits -- Literacy

jed among trie people; and this helped in social and

económic

modernizakiup

greatly. ALHO national unity atrengthened.. Denariig The il theral educiti dai I- system led to the growth of ultra- nationalism in Japan later.

3.Military -- Forseti on.

of a national army after the introduction of conscription in 1873; army reform based

on the German model;

navy reform based on

the

日六十月七年五八九一曆公年四十七國民華中 刊逥故育教

arme'd forces;

soldiers owing personal

aud unquestioned

obedience

Emperor.

to the

Merits - With'a strong army and navy, Japon was able to defeat Chine in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. Also, military- reforms made it necessary for the manufacturing of warships and weapons, and this helped industries to grow, Demerits The military became independent of the civil government. Soldiers were conservative and ultra- nationalist, and all this helpeù to explain the rise of militarim later.

4. Political -- Premise in 1881 of the adoption of a constitution; promulgation of a constitution in the name of the Emperor in 1889. Merits - A westernized political structure was set up, which made it possible for the rise of party rule in the 1920s later.

Demerita These were all'concerned with the illiberal features of the Meiji' constitution. For example, the Emperor Vasahove the constitution, and the military enjoyed special powers in directly approaching the Emperor on important matters. 5,Conclusion we Succㄊ98 in modernization made it possible for Meiji

revise the..... Japan to unequal treaties with the West in 1894, in 1899, and lastly in 1911. However, seeda militarium vere

sown, which led to the coming to power of militarists in the 1930s.

3. Describe the political

developments of Republican China in

the period up to 1928.

What the queation

askes The period

that the question

askės

is.1912 to 1928.

In early 1912, the

Ch'ing dynasty fell

and the Chinese Republie started. However, warlords ruled in different: regions in China, and it was not until 1928- when the KMT government unified China. Still, however, the, unfication was in. many ways unreal, as.

the power was still in hands of any former warlords who only nominally surrendered to the KMT. The question expects you Lo describe concisely the main

characteristics of political developments from 1912 to 1928, Remember that it was. political

developments, not social or intellectual developments, The question is a general

important to time yourself properly. What to include 1.1911–12, success of

the Chinese Revolution and fall

of the Ch'ing dynasty — However; conservative power. still remained in China This, was in the hands of conservative scholar-gentry in rural society and militarista "în

towns and cities. 2,1912-23 The

Republic in Peking wan weak and divided. Up to 1916, the President was Yuan Shih-kai, who was himself a

militarist. He could hold some loyalty from among this: generals and followers who ruled in different parts of China. However, in 1916, Yuan tried to restore, a monarchy,

and after he failed and dies, China broke up further into parts, each of which was ruled by a warlord independent from

control by Peking.

These warlords allied with euch

other and mude var

on each other. China was in great political disorder. .1943 - 1928 -- Under

the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, the KMT. reorganized itself and was based in Canton of. Kwantung. The USSR sent advisers

L'o belp

Sun, and an silaïnce was made between the KMT and the CCP

Both parties aimed at expelling warlords and unifying Chine es well as getting rid of foreig赅 imperialism, though there were deep differences in ideology between, the two parties. However, in 1925. Sun Yat-sen died, and his successor Chang Kai-shel. -- decided to break with the CCP. From 1926 to 1928, the KNT. marched northw wards from Kwantung in the national unification movement. During this period, the KMT purged the CCP, killing many CCP members. By 1927 the alliance between the KMT and the CCP, ended. Meanwhile, the national unification was the whole successful; China wes unified under the KMT. But many former warlords in Pact only surrendered

on

to the KMT and owed loyalty.

to it in base only. The KMT could not effectively control the whole country. even after 1928. 4.Conclusion -- Chinu

was divided by the warlords after the

collapse.of.the

Ch'ing dynasty, and even though the EMT unified the country

by 1928, political. jower was till i诚 the hands of many

former warlords.

,而史與其勢,不敢問。

第一代在五行中 蕭龍友書畫祝壽辰

一等記載,對於湘張之

掌故

刋週雙

·期四十七第

公孫述的惡生透就應該

行道一項的天种就是這 於某一項;那麽代表五

| 赤、黃、白、黑五帝。 個朝代的「惠生帝」 者愴起一件不太爲世人所知的雅事。 的大粮會改名白帝會,一醫案亦不少。能者曾隨先父請蕭先生看過對。 「了白落而外,又將成都所聞,在名醫徐菊人先生所熬「梁人醫話」中所上蕭先生大奇效的超人一米。瀨祈性侶做,而對 他除了捏造神話說是出必躬親,一些難症 疾經其診治,霍然而愈。此類傳奇軼事著幼年時有一山版,尤爲其中之假使 是「白帝 了。因此,一旦醫德高尚。對於被苦病人無力支付些費者,可免費服務。他至八好仍事】及門高足若梅梭,夏影

·萊友先生自受初始,懸愛京華凡四十餘年,不但技匠之術精諾,而以得到弟子爲幸 蕭先生雖為一代名醫。其虛懷若谷,生性恬靜,每受患者稱道。一般一卷,曾收三匠入列門躺

·出從雜誌上在吾到棘龍友先生孫燕承熹回用发生其铁事文章, 湘維德高望道下 周簡段

·著名國畫家齊白石

以詩文名海内,湘士告

將的多有貶辭。”

亭波風和廟王岳

出現了「宋大將岳飛精忠」、「 一伏閲奸臣丶这些作品注意了。是「天上的太陽亮 將,營運賣國求榮製造冤獄的安檢 日昭昭」,用現在說話 梉國捍獣强敵的岳飛爲首的忠臣名,刑所懾服,他寫的一天

,藝人已在講岳飛故事,元明兩代"是追求的處理的. 代起的「大宋中興通俗演義」、「大自」,這是根據宋人

一到岳墓前參拜,安示對祖國歷史上和藝術效果,不符 士,到要到此時仰岳飛的英姿,並龚,自然加强了戲劇

·太師東窗事發」等雜刺,「精忠旗人大委員長葉劍英噌丸 赤鄫八)。

迫害致死的偉大人物的敬仰之情。岳飛被人無聲無息暗殺 ·三峽西口,又在三映東, 塑造的藝術品。到杭州旅遊的人,這是極好的文學處理、漢書、公孫述傳」, 「藝術虛構,把史實形象化了,人物性格鮮明,故「堂!」意思是他完全是一巴部分路:巴、巴來,里程核算,恰好是北圈,差不多了,原宮殿所在

岳武穆精忠傳」等等。其中影网站,因話錄」記載:「

杜甫詩:「白帝 縣陳志」、「輿地廣記:

.岳王廟在杭州楼牴巓下,西子一情景,又用環境描繪來一將魚復縣改為白帝縣。 (二)赤岬城, 雄的形像,是浙江美術學院生設地特定的環境風波斯上國志·公孫述志」〔後額,但鼐先從未懸掛。 立過豐功偉蹈,最後被人製造冤獄史實,雄比技史實寫處修建城學,駐守、人、書法家、藝術家等、謝絕一切厚韐,你求惠眼曌馋, 和方志古籍如「元和址,前面圀近大江。 和小說。據考,南宋來,良曲說話 戲曲對岳飛的結局,也稱爲赤脚城;又說山|天所鮮知。但最令人惋惜的是,因事後未經安善保管,以致那些名作伪失 上不生樹木、山石赤色 殆盡,可謂一大憾事。 ;東漢末年,劉璋將節縣城」東五里」。就在鄉道元神,城牆均得 有的劇本小說,都沒揚當時爲保徠明了岳飛根本沒有被嚴櫬一來,選出現了第二,有些地方志如船正一處建造行宮。椽「水裡」。這是將冰女落城和水這天,而菜光介的說: 大有氏名汀」的「說岳全傳」,所「天日昭昭,八字。一畫帝地在泰轉山上。道,此為第三個白帝城。 在西海水東岸浙國長江,台渭城,對漠改水安足,欲見先生。」補精 年(公元一六八四年」刊佈,署名「謝傳公家,世本無茲室

榮富有高來,門者說神倫三 漢魚後縣城,又因公孫夢州是指北佔大城,「一茍亡後仍名魚復,唐時 「」和簽影飽文氏福次,永福全豐,但大書「天日昭昭,遽改魚復爲白帝,就醬、白帝」則指劉璋小城, 改為本節嘅)他自己又乳殿記」:「灘州故治有一冠下人來,雕衣配

·導一組建策。正殿上彩神的岳飛塑,之時,忽然在風大作,一帝縣城或簡稱白帝減。,之類匾額以炫机招徠。但蕭先生之診室,僅在左上方門框上,掛一長約尺 丽丽白帝城 ·奉節白帝城在治(泰多里,劉在託孤,但汉代人純康爾之上座,衆論其詩,

」、「精志錘」等傳奇。小說有明 的巨城,必图:心

城大致相符,一見陸辦 孟郊持3 月。張狀結 地、宋以後的地理、曹芳是劉母所深小城舊,上下時可以望見此心。 都誤認爲赤城就是「朝辭白帝彩雲間」,但縣治仍在漢魚9成。AT 徳時修的「四川志」說「進」所記,官城周圍十一安宮城都拉上了

使岳飛事蹟家喻戶曉的,却是戲劇人民羣來所承認,許多文献無記載。「水觀止,無疑等於一次全國性書畫些作展愛,但因能去觀賞者不多,因而亦爲世終成一代大師。 倪在岳王廟有全國,很像人打赤腳,故宮超過1 *「建炎以來盤年製錄」等書。而「亭「歸天」,歷代都馬公保遞時叫什麼名字,宿外・四大名旦梅蘭芳、程豔秋、向小、荀慧生的書作妓令人袢径,此廣爲傳揚。凼固奇卡, 續資治通鑑」、「三朝北盟會編」此,岳飛等三人在風波 外兩道防淺。這個城在一賞,筆者現仍記得险安山石、陳半丁、江炳士、張伯英、蔣兆和等古地名不已,蔥綠得弟干,並 岳飛的事蹟,載「宋史」、「在牢獄主高明得多u因 口独立制門關:構成內一部掛懸展示,凡至此賀客,看到琳琅滿目,墨筆淋漓的書將,無不嘖嘖贊 以木匠能」詩,讚賞 一恪府的府城。這個大城被叫做白帝城,乘江輪內、城址和現在的奉的主國梅擾游,梅根授以

武,完全是一個忠於祖國的民族英,飛生命的最後一刻國旗 黨書,地理志」一族陽、昌、段祺瑞、靳雲霧,梁啟超等,都找他看過的,這些名人亦往往哈之颐 囧新遠雕花,值黎家性 婚,一手執劍,雙目凝待,神彩菇 飛沙行。一作者) 的白帝城。(以上見「諸能辨識而已。其實,蕭先先名貫南北。孫中山、蔣介石、吳磊手,徐世匠),某次在微微雄家

·公孫越又在老师山辰之前,精心自製木刻凸版水印畫箋紙四百餘張,分购全國名流,超一,所不 像,紅織縮器,金甲紫袍,一手握 燈火告誡,黑滿藝天,酒才是就正的也是最早一半,寬約三寸木牌,上端白書「蕭龍友醫與一五宇。而柱子向小,僅爲修,年輕時業木(一轉升變畫一 那時在西單報子街聚費堂做莊多堂上,蕭先生將四百餘幅名人書畫全宮「湘梅樓的門」,驚 蕭先生七十壽辰時,各界?流及平民慈善,出於對他的敬仰之情,欲、以時尚早,小步於庭, 似洛託路之以前。皆先坐唯恐流越之柔活現朋友好友坐著營區體,便在區院, j 白帝城客・實昭烈。 重修自帝寺碑記」晚:一人爲歎服,後交部受洲

高‿代四川德科雅的可撰此卷來。,屆時登

「入蜀記」............節作一卷登湖約之靈求教 枸血謝其偉,並從非离

一此詩人張登高也

之餘宮詩,從泥命名 说江島市之鐵匠,冶第

近前,兒所讀者巧

客,湘綺亦在被之

全經包專新歷六 •創 羅刊聞史月九刊 五二在

現有一人在經濟報導

·張登需字正勝·湖

[四]永安宮城

劉備攻打東吳詩,

三代川府

了縣改變城穩二.

白城 水州班將兒

永安宮邀址到清初,湘將讀之讚不絕口,

見

朴承

一個白帝城。

結悔的好教材、「雲於都市。」 事故篱起伏,成為歷代對人民宣揚忠貞愛國,團 冤杜的,老大爺明白。

·岳飛的被誣,是中

·哈等人硬把通敵的罪名,前人說:風波延在宋大

继之地」。於是水安

· 不過無論甚歷史書曰:ī皇人后上,可凄,祁縣內的一個山)上,第四個白帝城。此城早,奉節縣署遷到小麼水西 白帝城託派」的依據,習法政;曾作宰於河 「正史上記的是:「飛安 巴西三郡。巴東都大的「大威所在,足见此處又一就此地都是荆棘。 · 城也被稱爲白帝城|治「毛詩」;出具長沙

府在白帝山一意思是白 被稱爲白帝城了。遇是

“不代將蛋州都督及小五台城,亦眼 夜教授、後遊學日本

南,何女嫁醫登山第三

九脉

明白,通燉的正是案 波父子歸神,一段 而岳飛方方國北園,必了他們慷慨就義的壯烈一問題。 八自己:「金都元帥宗弼「有聲有色地寫了岳飛、威的岳飛,協甚吃鸡子一步的山城已毁,於月又 (就是金兀朮)逍繪書店變、張惠二八同時被「孫誨代所敬仰與歌颂岠,在白帝山玉弓建一城, 的頭上,史書上却寫一帶。(義語)、風一上台,不過彈指一瞬,白帝彩城。則仍在原健 安放在堅決挑戰的岳飛,門寺內,今哲州小東橋一來看,一日總的);「水經注、稱爲 人口:「汝朝夕沒和减, 勒死在風波亭上,旺寫一,这是值得我們想彎的周至七里,作爲港州鎏,會參湘軍會國籓之左火之力,他說當時溫一位至封體大臣,該提 做而已,祗活了二三十九,北周時間潮二百八十 《國歷史上一太空獄。來,都沒有說到風波亭。 此心下:是一樣的意思嗟面有城鶥,周圍只有已現廢,建城的山雞似一邊,其在一個新建的城 ↗ 從人類歷史的長河 二百八十步(一步五尺

少年側槭,有用世之志一兵,消室存亡,被選為「炊大走,國球初

王湘綺及其門下三匠

•尤以草蟲者的

遠

,你執楚湘椅之門

以點不死,將授相處,五個白帝城 陶元甘

【殺,始可和。」妳

心及己福,至是,改良

侯傳∶說:張憲出豹店 復所改稱的白帝城,因 到大寺,被骗去的,确託僱的地點,並不在之地, 計我飛矣」後來主店飛,其牌公元二三年剑江三峽的西口,是努 ▲夫萬俟。論其罪,始定都提到「白帝城託孤」)。以上各處都隣近長 楚州歸,乃舍右線撥大. 中國的戲劇,曲藝|各地位置,該得很清楚 |西漢時巴郡(郡去

ARDO)

▲跟芋蘭「俠《擣2)日,做水安宮城之對。”

•都說明啷函搋的陰險奼地理和方志材,有些一审事長宣明江官都尉 他:“何到此?」追些」一再藉賜一下前代的「口是軍事紫地,故增設 一上前去,雄被引到了杉、雙在那時,也選該叫一郡行政長官明太守,又 【朝廷姫聖旨]心情飛馬 她所改稱的京帝相混淆 縣城在小北水之果。各 對岳飛說;「相公到學館聯,儒避免與公㞗江三蹶西迂是魚優樂、 飛得不知道。泰密派人,已改名為永安雜即今之一輛十一握,其中位於長 【漢被捕啥大理寺時, S托孤時原有的白帝縣一守駐汇州縣即今重慶) 設都尉營市嗎 a:西

也評結了,許多種商量,和魚紋縣令部駐在魚

枝荔的州瀘和元狀楊

康永趙

餘額

永餘,更自贊嘆不?,他寫道, 適成南,行慢往來路過,品 代第一次人揭升庵直言進索得罪: 等人,都會賦咏過濾州的荔枝。明」,人見桌上所特性一山百頃,於法常路上一個 做品絕未有臨。」詩人杜甫,陸游一社於桌上古之,及湘綺「舊軍」「曾國荃號有散射之力,得一任江西 -医妃子笑』者,法,大產也。是時一亂以他語,而用指茶,有江南许多人廠製,未成,以

·宜賓》之晶錢上。所謂一燐菇而代之,曾不敢答,急、湘楠著「湘軍志刚烈的夏叔角之箭? ;唐代「蜀中媺技,瀘、州、夜已終,當涵天應人,取,探其思想激進,終為約參觀,姚及致則 校,「他王下露」內編卷二考證說一曾以民族大義,梁清運而對湘許則終不敢善,一些—其就應時,並時 溫熱多雨的遠州,歷來盛產號【極條之時,泄紅鐵路一、總鋪都,比比,狀,飛行,芝

雲液留香凝重綿、冰突映同地

武將海内芳號數,耿江陽湖

《六十一個所得的秦檜夫 一不可,「說岳全傳! 第 一括飛速怎樣死的, 在文献到效果,曲藝的一役城內·強東裙年,王 死在那裏,小說和正宮術法加起來白,藏道敗亡前所任命的地方 海內芳獗,敢拼江湖字誇一見「漁筷集

·首先談談今四川 立爲帝。他校據西漢术,滿街士女寧肯搁下頭上. 【 分可愛,段開王幼女 官公孫速佔有巴爵,科),楊升庵完全赞同王十班鳜煜·還進步設想

·朱大王十朋在被州寫道「試將

【當心,致片紙付獄。 東邊有鼐堂神(又名小應是白色。漢代又怒技·宋人曾常“窃枝状 王於棘(大張水門、杜甫「西塞,有五個代表五行的大神記載,這種群枝,顆「兩成地處君。 按五色命名小埋靑、橫絕小、卡間時,十 楊升庵賦詩小櫻。

▲漢何一無次跟?提虎易):”江流程不轉,就是、金、水與山、你、妤 闊約: •感產國中熱

▲王氏窺見,笑曰:“括石不會被冲走,杜甫詩 行學就又將本、火、土 校園一座。迨連梅林,

【氏,張陰險,出其夫上,使人長江的梅溪河(又「蔥段「下-糍”火(事

「以爪劃之,若有恩者。 處:水超同遊‧圓, 該屬金(上生產)。比當年吟味濶的华游楊狀元即席批七年一直

獨活書室,想玩皮,一八韓國,在兩水就台 大業的公孫述自然應|小南溪頭,山坐猶存,遊焖納涼,開懷暢飲。 方飛具,一一名西讓水或大澳水)。火生主),以爲衪上| 今日瀘州城宏江對岸十人,盛情還將揚狀瓦

,原文是:「秦桧妻王」 【據米八的「朝野退記」帶的山川形勢,這樊城,認爲西漢在五行中也捨不得进去自己不實 美無比,園中夏令 婦東窗設計,看來是根· 怡怡南縣毖位置和那一年形成的,五行相生說全說,然而潘安市上,一八軒特別喜慶面得名。 在長江北岸,東西檗靠「屬火,王莽既代漢,雜的茲枝,極盡贊譽之能實成熟·枝頭紅綠栢映

「「宋史、本酉」;;小洪水之間有兩個山頭

分大樱疑?至於“片紙一定下實西居一·也是·

上

一個汰,是為繪书分上溯立江中的驻店業 ,各史書都明白寫出城(北湖人能超

·科憲,是公開補法的向東走,就到漢魚復輕

一九,可見信飛渰個電、由,在長江南岸與醒也 他粉死在獄中的,诺雲山小注入長江蘇亦

·默,經過多次審理無法相對的有白山, , 即報橫死,時年三十[3在尼西南的叫白帝

绍兴十一年) 骏暮,中間相連,如馬鞍

,錦作林時傳吟詠,

長這酒聞華宴,

金盤何用西祜榔5:

啦廎風仁、

座園林,既經幫二高

延性

四川泰節縣白帝城之白帝廟,劉備托孤於此城,

效廣法刊明香

刊告律登命港月九 力廣龐讀印柯必社必學必家必工

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