日八十月三年五八九一曆公年四十七國民華中
七世
香港學校音樂節特輯
一堂立小學、寶血小學下午校代表。 小學 上午校代表、亞軍基全小學代表及手坻沙田 -節奏樂(小四至六)左起:冠軍型公會主要
中級組學校樂團賽亞軍:聖士提反女子沓院
判史蒂芬遜合照, 冠軍陳以信、亞軍王昇華及季與科謀與評 圖爲「迦遜糁士獎學金」比賽優勝者(左
圍爲女高音獨唱公開組冠文玉蘭(右)及
HERER (N) ·
中級組學校樂愽賽冠耶:衆怏雅書院。
·第二級鋼琴獨奏髅,十一位優勝者合
育教節樂音頁三第張四第日七廿月正年丑乙夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
$1015 $
-期星
̇伸縮喇叭獨炎棄,右起:冠第三、亞軍
陳暉、季軍眾祈偉。
中級組樂團賽冠軍聖保羅書院代表領取獎盃
女議嬔唱冠軍港島第十撳B組、
前奏楽 小四六) 元公主愛小學上
午校代表領獎時攝。
RENE JOSHUA MILLER AND
KYRA MILLER
中學代表。
SE2BOT (GER)PA BERX
小學組合唱線
|小學代表領獎時開心貌。
1985.
中學會考試題預習專欄
地理
理
(廿六) 李陽業
明德出版社
***
提供資料
GEOGRAPHY (26)
Y.Y. LEE & K.C. CHỐI
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
49. Both Hong Kong and
Japan
are important
manufacturing →ountries “in”Asta...”
Compare and contrast the reasons for the rise of manufacturing industries in these two countries.
Suggested Answer:
** Hong Kong and Japan are now important industrial countries in Asia. Both of then experienced rapid industrial growth in the last 30 years. A compari- son, and contrast of the advantages and disadvan- tages the two countries possess can be made as follow:
Advantages:
1. Historical factors
In Hong Kong, industrial development, was a totally new phase of economy. emerged in the city since 1949. The turu was chiefly
benefited' by the political changes in the surrounding areas, Before 1949, the economy of Hong Kong mainly relied on entrepot trade, in which, goods from and to China composed the largest sector. But the changes in China herself and the embargo on trade with China imposed by the Western countries. during the Korean War: bad led to a dramatic decrease in the import-export trade with China. It was
becoming obvious that the colony could no longer rELY CA entrepot trade and had to develop a new, type. of productive activity to support the growing. population. The
solution turned out; to
ndustrialization.
be
ine cabe in Japan is quite a different one. Although rapid industrial growth. is also a post-war phenomenon, the country had already laid the basis for industrialization before the Second World War. Thia historical hertage, which meant algo) accumulation of technical experience
of course promised the
country a good start
in industrialization.
Yet the wars in Korea
and Indo-China have also helped a lot because the USA government bought
cheaper ammunition
and other requirement from Japan.
2. Supply of power
resources
Both Hong Kong and Japan are relatively poor in the supply of power resources for industrial. development. In Rong Kong, no coal or petroleum is, found, and there is no swift- flowing and large -river to produce
H.E.P. Fortunately, the problem can be easily alleviated by its being a route focus in the world. Adequate coal, petroleum and natural gas are supplied by ocean transport.
In Japan, the stock of energy resources is also in a large
me a auré, meagre. Among the three common forms of power resources;.. H.E.P. is the most promining. For coal, the reserves are: limited and are mostly poor in quality. Petroleum supplies are insufficient to meet. the increasing demand. Thus, Japan, has tỏ. rely considerably on the importation of _power resources from
other countries, especially oil from Middle East.
Supply of ruw materials
Similar to the supply of pover resources, Hong Kong produces scarecely any significant quantity of raw materials for industry; However, contributed by her good harbour and well- equipped facilities. for distant oceanic transport, importation Taw materials from Mainland China as well as other countries is
easy.
Japan is also seriously short of industrial raw:.." materials, but this. does not cause great difficulty in ner industrial,
development too. As it is not far from other Asiatic countries which are always good raw material suppliere, raw. materiale can be onelly obtained, e.g. rubber. and tin from Malaysia, cotton from Indie and. Pakistan.
Transportation system
The Victoria Harbour is perhaps the
greatest physical
endowment of Hong
Kong. I is an
excellent natural harbour the water is deep, it is well- sheltered on all sides, with small tidal range and is Well facilitated. Such
a good harbour, together with the up-to-date container: cargo service; its situation in the world main routes; its freedom from import duties on most goods and its efficient marine police, äll have helped a lot in alleviating many of the problemu. They render of easy importation of raw materials and exportation of
finished products. Internal transport is also convenient. Linking up the industrial sectors on both sides of the. harbour, ferry boats are in regular services. For land transport, main roads; flyovera, tunnels are: constructed.
Transportation in Japan is excellent too. Despite the hilly nature of the country. roads are constructed. along the coast to link up the industrial regións. Her cheap oceanic transport also facilitates the import of raw materiale and power and the export of manufactured goods.
5. Supply of labour
The early
industrial development of Hong Kong was 'favoured' by the spectacular influx of· refugees from Mainland China. The dense population provides sufficient labour. both skilful and unskilful.
In Japan, people ere mostly concentrated in great cities such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. The large population of these cities also provide a large reservoir of labour to" work in the factories.. Besides, due to the early start of industrialization, the labour force in Japan is quite skilful and is wellknown for imitation,
G. Capital
Capital is j sufficient in Hong Kong for the develop- ment of industry. It. is partly due to the large amount of capital which was carried down from. China by the inmigrants. Besides, the political stability of Hong
Kong, its relatively Low income and profit taxes and its cheap. and abundant labour also attract a lot of foreign capital to flow into the colongy.
Capital is abundant in Japan, too. The successful birth control in the country. has slowered the population growth rate and reduce family size, thus 4 large portion of household income can be reserved as savings and is encouraged to invest in the industrial sector, Financial aid from the United States “haa; been a drive of
the post-war industrial' growth of Japan too. Moreover, large amount of foreign capital is also obtained as attracted by her cheap and skilful labour.
7. Market
The dense population in Hong Kong forms a very good local market. For the external market, Hong Kong goods, are generally welcome by other countries and· ́ are popular because of top-class quality and competitive prices. In spite of the quotas set up hy the UK. and USA etc., Hong Kong: still finds large external markets in other countries, such as those in South American, Africa, Middle East and SE Asia. Besides, being.
a member of the British Commonwealth; Hong Kong enjoys British Commonwealth Preference.
Large market is also available in Japan, both
externally. Her dense population with high consumption pover forms' good internal market. The developing countries, in Asia form favourable foreiga markets for the Japanese manufactured goods easily find. large markets in North, America and other countries as well,
Encouragement and efforts of the Governments
At
the
same time, government of bath the two countries have done auch in encourag- ing manufacturing. In Hong Kong, lands were allocated for the development of industrial, satellite towns, the water supply systems was improved, and the government also participates in the various trade fairs to
introduce the goods: of Hong Kong to other
countries.
In Japan, yast quount of surplus in the national income has been polughed back in the development of public utilities, such as in the construction of Highways and m railways, harbour facilities and water
supply projects, which have, in turn, induced development of private enterprises in great strides.
lisadvantages:
However, there are also unfavourable factors which the two countries have to face. The most important ones
·are :"
1. Limited Industrial
Land Supply
Both Hong Kong and Japan suffer from limited industrial. land supply because of their hilly nature. In Hong Kong in order to solve the problem, the government has been trying her best to provide new land, mainly by levelling the hills and reclamation. Similar works are done, in... Japan too.
Shortage of Raw Materials and Power Lesources
Although the shortage of raw materials for -industrial growth can
he offset by the convenience in trans- portation' ag discussed before, however, his
hot exhauę problem
the room. Too much dependency on other countries is
nevertheless not secure at all, such as the present energy crisis certainly gives a heavy blow, upon their development.
50. The large scale
development of indiestry in China Targely dates from the communist period beginning in 1949. Many new industrial: regions are developed under the recent industrial policy of Chinn. However, Urumchi, the western province of Sinkiang began its industry in
the late 50's
Give an account of the drawbacks, which hintered the develop went of Urumchi before late 50's
List the favourable factors of the recent industrial developmen" in it.
Suggested Answer:
a. Handicaps in the past
The industrial Krowth in Brunchi, the Capital of the far- western province of Sinking, is ù relatively recent phenomenon. Its industrial development. before the late 50'a vas hindered by some physical drawbacks as listed below:
Urumchi, being
situated in Sinking. is remote from China Proper. Before the war, railways" those western provinces were not well constructed. Communication was
days.
2. Its climate and relief
does not favour development, too. The region consists of high mountain ranges and deep internantáne basins and experiences an grid climates.
b. Factors encouraging
the Past-war industrial Growth
Urumchi is nóv an industrial centre ̈ín the northwestern part of China as favoured by the following conditions:
геавоми.
Political and Strategic Importance:
The industrial development of Urumchi wac chiefly carried out for political and strategic Situating near the atomic: testing ground near the atomic testing ground near Lop Nor, it is of a location of strategic importance.
Commanding Postition of Important Routes Urumchi, being a
gap town in Tien Shan, controls the Tarim and Dzungarian Basins. Improvement in the transportation with other parts of China, is more decisive. With the construction of Kansu-Sinkiang
Railway, Urumchi is how easily accessible, Besides, roads are also constructed, to facilitate the trans- por cof materials and products..
3. Sufficient Power
Supply
D.
Petroleum
oil is exploited at Karamai Kucha and Aksu, and is piped. the refinery at Urumchi. Thermal electricity is supplied.
Power is also supplied from a nearby II.E.F... station on the Urunchi
River to the south.
4. Abundant Raw Materials
Agricultural Products
Agricultural products can be obtained from the irrigated land in the pages on the southern and northern
slopes of Tien Shan such as those at Turfan and fami, encourage industrial development
Industrial crops such es fruite and cereals for processing and cotton for textiles are important.
b. Softwood timber
Softwood timber is produced from the coniferous forests on the surrounding bigb mountains for pulp and paper and other timber based,
Pastoral Products The basins are also rich in pastoral products which help to develop weat processing industry, woollen textiles and leather goods manaructuring.
d. 011
The rish oil reserve there supplies, crude. wil for refinery and its by-products for various types of chemical industry.
Iron and coul Iron and coal are supplied form the mines in the neigh- bourhood areas, such as highgraded; iron ore near Urumchi and from a nearby city Hami. Iron and steel plants and agricultural machinery factories are thus set
5. Reliable Water Supply
Since 1949, reservoirs have been constructed on the mountain slopes to improve irrigation, e.g. the Leap Forward. Reservoir on the. northern slope of Tien Shan not far from Urumchi,
6. Adequate Labour
Supply
There has been a considerable influx of young and energetic Chinese to this region from China Proper. since migration: was. enfurced. They can. endure the extreme.. climatic conditions there.
7. Encouragement and
Efforts of Government
Under a series of five years plans, works are done in the region, such as the building of roads and railways and the intensive exploration for new resources. They all have helped alat in its Industrial development,
Page 15Page 16
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.