1984-10-08 — Page 15

育教僑華 第三第張四第 日四十月九年子甲歷夏

1985

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史

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Bosnia and Serbia were Slavs. Serbia wanted to unite. with Bosnia to form a larger

state. Therefore

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there would be conflicts with Austria

HISTORY (3).

VILOA: VONG YUK-YUE

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD..

Last time we discussed how the European great powers became divided

into two alliance camps

· by 1907: the Triple

Entente (Britain, France

& Russia) against the

Black

Sea

Russia

Austria

Bosnia Serbia:

TURKEY

Constantinople

TURKEY

Triple Alliance (Germany, PROBLEMS IN THE BALKANS

Austria & Italy). In this issue we shall discuss some of the major international problems between the great powers in the period 1871-1914.

PROBLEMS IN THE BALKANS. 1. Sources of inter-

national conflicts.

1871-1914

Alsace. Lorraine In 1870-71, Prussia (late Germany)

defeated France in. the Franco-Prussian War. Would France.

start a war of ...... revenge against

Germany?

Imperialsm - Would the great powers make war over colonial problems? The Balkans - The First World War: started from an

assassination there. We shall

learn about that in the next issue. What were problems?

the

-Different nation- alities (e.g. the Serbs) wanted

independence or unification against both the

Ottoman Empire and Austria. -The great powers

all had interests in the Balkans.

The Balkan states in ∙1871-

(Look at the map) a. Greece & Rumania

By 1871, they had been independent. -Greece was.

protected by Britain (gurading against Russia's southward advance) -Rumania was

protected by Russia (due to geography)

Serbia It enjoyed self-rule but was not yet fully independent. Bosnia & Bulgaria -They were still

under Turkish rule.

The Balkan crisis, 1875-78

1875- Bosnia and Bulgaria revolted against Turkey. Serbia joined the revolt later. 1877 - Russia supported the

revolt. But Austria opposed Russia.

1878, Congress of

Berlin –

-Bulgaria became

independent, and Russia had

influence there.

Bosnia was

occupied (not annexed) by: Austria -Serbia was fully independent from Turkey. Effects

Russia felt that Germany was un- friendly. Germany. chose Austria as ally in 1879.

The people of

AND INTERNATI: NAL CEISES TO 1914

Of Br

Atlantic Ocean

Fr

Black

-Boikans

Med. Sea

Motosce

ALLIANCES

International

& ENTENTES| Crises Dual

Entente

(Br & Fr) 1904

Triple Entente

(Br, Fr Ru) 1907.

Key

First Moroccan

1905

06

Bosnian Crisis 1908-09

↓

Fr Franc

Second. Moroccanj |Br=Britain Crisis 1911

Gr-Germany

Ru-Russia Balkan Wars, Au=Austria 1912-13

1. Frist Moroccan Crisis,

1905-06

2.

a. Background

In

the Dual Entente, the interests that France enjoyed in Morocco were recognized by Britain. But Germany had interests in Morocco too. Germany wanted to test the strength of the Dual Entente while Russia was busy fighting the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05).

Course - In 1905;. William II landed

at Morocco and

said that Morocco was an independent country. Algeciras Conference, 1906 Br, Ru and the USA, supported Fr. Morocco remained under French influence, Effect - Br and Fr planned closer cooperation against Gr, Br, Fr and Ru were alarmed at Gr's aggressive policies. They made the Triple Entente in 1907.

Bosnian Crisis 1908-09

Background.

・

-The relations between Au & Serbia were bad. In the early 1900s, new king ruled Serbia. He was young and anti-Austrian. An economic war. occurred between Au and Serbia. Au forbade imports. of Serbian pigs. -In 1908 in Hosnia (occupied by Au since 1878), sa revolt against Turkey happened.

WAH KIU YAT PO

Au used this

chance to try to annex Bosnia (i.e. taking all Rosia from Turkish rule). Au's motive was to raise her international reputation..

Course

-Gr supported Au in doing that. -After the annex- ation of Bosnis by Au, Br, Fr and Ru were alarmed. Serbia had always wanted to join with Bosnia to. form a united

(all Slav

報日僑華

untry so Serbia

was angry too. -Eu supported

Serbia.

-In 1909, Gr

threatened Ru and

Serbia. In the

end, The

annexation was

success. Effects

-The aggressiveness

of Gr and Au was shown clearly. The Dual Alliance: became a weapon for offensive policies. * -Br, Fr and Ru

cooperated closer in the Triple Entente against Gr and Au. -Ito and Serbia

suffered a diplomatic defeat in the hands of Gr. In future, Ru and Serbia would use a stronger policy. -Conflicts between

Au and Serbia increased quickly.

Second Moroccan Crisis, 1911

a. Background -In.

1911, a revolt broke out in Morocco. Fr sent troops to defeat the rebels. Gr used this chance to challenge. Fr again.

Course Gr sent а warship to Agadir of Morocco. In the end, Gr. had to recognize Morocco to be a French protectorate after

a conference. Effects -

-Br, Fr and Ru were. further alarmed at Gr's aggressive- ness. The British navy would con- centrate on the North Sea while the French navy. would safeguard the Mediterranean Sea.

-Gr would not back

down in any future crisis.

The Balkan War's, 1912-13

1. Background

Serbia, Bulgariä, Greece and others" formed a Balkan Leage to challenge Turkey.

Course In 1912, the Leage attacked Turkey. Ru and Fr supported the League. Turkey was badly defeated. However, later, Serbia and Bulgaria fought with each other themselves over the problem.

of dividing Turkish land. Serbia won. Au sent an ulti- matum (a final warning before making war) to Serbia, Gr supported Âμ‚

Serbia gave way in the end,

c. Effects

-War nearly came

about. Gr

supported au

against Serbia. Hu and Fr supported Serbia. -Gr continued to

support u in the Halkans. -Austro-Serbian.

conflicts would continue. -Eu and Serbia: would not back down so easily again when facing Gr and Au. -Br was greatly

alarmed at Gr's and Au's aggres- sive policies in the Balkans.

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經濟

一期星.

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ECONOMICS (3)

K.K. WONG & LIT. CHAN

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Primary, Secondary and Tertirary production and their relationship 1 Production

Production is defined as an activity directed to the satisfaction of human

wants;

-Expenditure

Goods

& Services

Producerg Consumers

Services

of Factors

L-Income-

Producers are the firms or business units which organize the production activities in providing goods and- services for consumption or further production. They are also the employers of the four factors of production..

The main objective of production is to satisfy human wants directly or indirectly. Production may involve changes in form, time, place and property of natural resources.

Production can be graphically

illustrated as below:

Outpuy:

Input:

Factors of

production

Goods &

Services

Land:

Capital

Production

Labour

Entrepreneur

process

Goods and Services

日八月十年四八九一曆公年三十七國民華中

the services of the

musicians,

entertainers, doctors

and hairdressers are all services.

Stages of products...

Usually, the

production of a commodity can be a series of connected activities which are carried out by stages. In each stage, the value of the product is added and the utility of the product. manufactured in every

stage will be increased. Therefore, production also can

be defined as the

value-adding activity at various stage.

Stages of production can be classified as three: Primary,

secondary and tertiary production.

4. Primary production:

It is the first. stage of production. It is concerned with the extraction of raw materials from the nature. Usually it is. the earliest form of production. People. involved in the primary production are called primary producers such as farmers, fishermen, etc. The products of primary production are called primary products, or primary. goods. They are made to satisfy people's wants directly or provide raw materials that make further stages of production possible.

5. Secondary production:

It is the second stage of production," which is concerned with the manufacturing of goods in all industries. It transforms raw materials and parts with the help of machinery and equipment, into semi finished or finished products. The products of this stage are called secondary products. They consists of consumer goods and producer goods. The people involved in the secondary production are known as secondary producers.

Tertiary production:

It refers to the provision of services which meet the demand

of consumers or the need for distribution services. There are

three kinds of

services: commercial

services, and personal. services,

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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS |(3)

S.F. KO

NILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Goods which are used Exercise 2: Quadratic

for consumption and the satisfaction of vants are known as consumer goods, such as pencil, drink, etc. Goods which are used for further production: or used as inputs for. the production of other goods or

known as

services are

producer goods. For

example, wachinery and

equations

Worked examples

aré

1. Given that and the roots of the

2 equation, ax +bx+c=0, and LB-XA, prove that h

Solution:

Lip L

-b

equipment are producer Letk goods.

Services are the intangible commodities which are often consumed at the same time when they are produced. For example,

80 that =λK

k(A+A) --b

and yak-

(X+4)

\μb2=ca(\+^)2(Ans.)

2. For what values of k

will the equation

11:1

11 1

kka x x+a

have its

roots equal in

magnitude but opposite

in sigo?

Solution:

111 kk+a x x+a

c{k+a) (x+8)+

kx(x+a)

=k(k+a)(x+a)+kx(k+a)

2

2

+8kx+a x+kx+akx

-k+ak2+akx+a2k+k2x+akx

42

- (2k+a)x^+ ( a −2k2)x-

2

aka k=0 Let p be one root of this equation, then the other root must bep since the roots are equal but opposite in sign.

sum of roots=p+(-p)

2

2k+8.

2 a (a

2k+a

.or

+a2 (Ans.)

If x is real, prove

that the expression

2

x-3x+1

must lie 2x-3x+2: between two numbers,

Solution:

Let

2

2x-3x+2

then x2-3x+1=k(2x2¬Jx+2) i.e. (1-2k)x-(3-3k)+

_ (1–2k)=0 since the roots. are equal, we have

(-(3-3k))-(1-2k)

2

2

(1-2k)

0

(3–3k)2-4 (1-2k) > 0 9-18k+9k -4+16k~16k2 0 -7k2-2k+5 >

7k2+2k-5 <0

(7k-5)(k+1)

-1 < k <

the expression must line

tween 1 and

Exercise 2

If the roots of the

e roots equation x-ax+b=0. are two consecutive integers, prove that

32

a =4b+1.

2, If x is real, prove that the expression

95

2

must lie

between two numbers.

3. Find the value of k

so that the equation, ax-c_k+1

will have

xbx equal but opposite (in sign) roots,

2

4. Given that px2+q32=1

and px+qy-1 (1) Find and quadratic

equation in x in terms of P. and 4- (ii)Prove that the

roots of the quadratic equation in (1) will be equal P+q=1.

5. Prove that, if a, b

and e

are real, the roots of the equation

2

(b−c)x2+(c-a)x+(a−b)=0

are also real,

6. Given that all roots

of the simultaneous equation:

2

2

X. + 1 2x+my-1.

are real.

2

l2 + m2 1

Show that

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