1984-07-03 — Page 24

頁四第張六第

日五初月六年子甲曆夏

WAH KIU YAT PO

郭日僑華

二期星

日三月七年四八九一曆公年三十七國民華中育教人工

| 部將有一個新中心,專為中,西區及南區居民服務。 | 計劃在未來數年內增設五個職業資料中心,爲青年人及學生提供新的就業及升學資料。屆時港岛西 三,署理勞工處副食良林和南,於昨日主持「南區學生升學就業輔導計劃j 開窰禮時透露:勞工處

江人世界

·由勞工處青年就業輔導組設立的餐業資料中心,目前已有三個,分别位於對彈琴、土瓜灣及荃

· 職業資料展覽在香港仔街坊會内舉行 署理勞工處副處長林和甫昨主持開幕

昨日開始爲期一月

南區就業輔導計劃

爲青年人提供就業及升學資料

圖:學生們在香港仔街坊篪利會參醌嗽

菜资料展覽。

並詳述該行業的性質、蝕餡條件、投考資格、訓練機會及晉升前送等。 土該組 百行編印的四十獄騷業資鳥短篇,分別提供了在工商界、服務行業及政府部門的就業機會,

·勞生處青年就業指導組多年來致力於輔導教育工作,帮助青年人就未來的升學與就菜計劃作出 一搜退他們有與壓的行業資科,中心的N有職業資料圖書館,內包括有就茶及訓練觀會的刊物及剪報生。 止確反明爭的抉擇,於七八年九月開設了第一間職業資料中心,鼓勵青年人利用空餘時間到中心去一,人物,公仔,翔翔如一項製品,諸如花樽、

其

供給南民使用。去年就有三萬多人到各施步武「資行」,但多 需多用、、 此外,還有視聽器材、像一首難州上,製品外質為主,一品,不過,業精於財, 美「扯劃」,廣州與鹂 工人也可兼做牙球舆對 「微刻」等可以嫓「範園比牙球更廣,部份 咀、烟盅、首飾等,

的輔導教育活動。 的支持和贊助»(克)

心的設施及服務体展剑香港各區。 表示苎愆乾科區内所有青年人,好好把握這個機會 - 钖躍參加到勞工處首次在南區祟辦的大規模

導服務不斷增加的需求,故有關方面遂決定大力將服務的範圍擴大。 是項活動又得戲南區學生事務委員會及香港仔街坊福利會批區中心的通力台作,及南區區議會 地、模擬面宮及遠足活動,活動内容兼具資料性反啓發帖實在是青年人探討前途的良機。林和海更,產品也令人叫絕。望多添一段,永恒工作 的聆業質料中心揭開序幕。接着是南區學生事務委会钤及香港仔街坊福利會社區中心籌辦的霄年輪,如能付出高與不限時日,光有三科,本工自然希 林和戎又发示,在新中心開設之前,希窰透過像「學生升學輔導計劃」一類的活動,將現有中不曾多,一則要造應外 不從心之感。 【山昨日開始,爲期遠一個月的「南區學生升學就業抛導計劃」,由勞工處霫年就業指導組開造。香港也有優良技工假记華光爲祖師,相傳 受否年人歡迎,為了應付年內一代對輔一逛,好像近年內地與香 合,手足並用,所以年 「用免貨,不能相提並論 又謂:造工人事

·港製品比較,一貫店跤超過五千幾,便有力

增五個職業資料中心 啟用 啟出道中心獲當連成之作不利,還要動用尼 勞工處計劃在數年內 2C 北五圭罗業直排播出了,他們還屬發洋行,工作共菲不牙球必須西長,尤其是

卅層高象牙球

[不容易選料與物色,

成爲稀世奇珍

完整或稍有破定,市造

球牙象造車

長擅人工東廣

极大的材料,固不容易 這樣多的方球,找尋這一有了接班人。“ 。因為想製造一個層數|子自幼繼承父業,總算 八至卅科的“尤绮罕見本業工作。他的兩個兒 牙球」,而俗數達到計」象牙球為傲,從未脫雄 相當精細的熱術便是「一車五十年了,眾生與 之多,於可勝數。其中近過休之年,他已是一 主象牙雕刻製品,種類 牙球,由畢業到現在接 注重心思目力提高技術水準 資深技師暢談象牙雕刻製品 中國傳統藝術之一 而他把良的就是車造堂,八府至三十屆的方秋,一去北京「實行極膮一象牙球外,還有其他雜一

雕刻象牙技術,過比車造工人爲多。車造 型的方球便教思汰了」,雕成為象牙行業的阿一,常有賴於後輩的人。

一以開解爲球。牙料加不 求 本行也一輩子弟來自廣州,來一 球運客易找到,大花巨人屬於「爾玉堂」。虛」香港象牙球的技術水準

市造與到十數的自然易於施 白費、二千分以下的牙,懷遠堂」系列,雕造工」,今後如何保持與發揚 |大支柱,而雕進工人都一攤須努力鑽研。

「没有良好的色澤,才可牙擅 是兩間中神。香港牙球返工,老 後便有做戲,工料等於 部門。庫造工人將於二者亦不過途百人,否則 大秩完照,質地好,貼 雕根本上时,阿多者使要特别留 一副分兩個港授徒乃有傳人,現役

eL 東工憕员│娶成國不簡單,由三層

台東一向以廣足比較激活。一粒牙球 車 樻 手球, 可能心思, ㄩ力與手 其敬选車造牙球以粤工爲勝,

,曾在也不多,故現存

,精細如的雕刻工人此象牙雕刻藝術

你想找尋

我

紅作嗎

馳譽國際

店,一枚卅冠的給英國 的精品,成爲奇货可

勞工處介紹職業

梁氏說,我國象牙

「博物院收藏,作爲珍品 雕刻藝術動潄國際,

勞工處本港就業棘導短,待求職者提供的免 (請按址往勞工處登記)

牙球的技巧,更受到中

長車造像牙球的技師梁|士更喜歡收藏和保值。 , 此猘一位老經驗械外人士的讚美,歐两人一費職業介紹服務,現有部份急聘空缺如下:

勞工處本港就業輔導組,寫求職者提供免費

「然表示:他本人從童齡,其中大粒面石败多者尤,之職業介紹服務,現有部份急聘空缺如下:

南區學生升學就

車間指導

,南區霄年踴躍參加升學就業輔班計燜、 圖:黑理勞工處副處長林和甫诚意邀請 時代起,即從師包班,一爲稀有。因爲能達到什

1千元.

·織布工入(夜班) 茶內、女性。二年經驗。月饼 千二百至三 四號地下。

勞工處青年就業組

新疆學生服務員服 香港仔街坊

服務中心

懦衿。男性。夜班。經驗優先。月密三军

·電子技術員

2 月薪二三千二百至二千五百元 荃灣。男性。工業學院畢業,年廿五歲以學

會計文員

荃灣。男女均可。中五程度,具有關經驗。

「月薪千八至二千五百元

‘機械技工.’

茶棒。男性。三年經驗,日说六十至一百三十七至四十號。

出入口文員

·電腦工程師

荃灣、男性。中七程度,二年經驗,月辦二,地下。

-

DEC/UNVACHES - che 灣仔。男性。大學電機系或電子工程系畢業

腦系統之保養,月薪六千。

.輪班工程師

尖沙咀。男性,年四十成以下,持冷氣及電

能。月薪四千二百元

·器維修文憑,具二年以上工作經陰,須有管理才

(五)九龍油蔴地戍街二百六十至二百六卒

「六四)香港黃竹坑邨福利大廈地下。 --11:

電話:五———五七O (三)香港柴灣漁灣邨漁安根二十九號至

辦事處聯絡,其他地址及電話如下: (二)香港北角電器道二百六十號華大夏

l此外,須聘請職員之主,亦酞迎到該祖任何 高學歷及其他有關證件,到該組就近辦事處登記 油願位之人士,請於辦公時間內携同本人身份證 香港軒尼詩道四號元施保險大度下...

除上述空缺外,該組尚有其他空缺,有意申 MPOLIPKA 11001

KRA

電話:三——四二四二五一..

(十)九舣新葡融縠福街七號麗宮戲院大殴

電話:三十九三六 六六】九龍旺角花國街一百八十五號地下2

〔九 ).九龍宮话同仁街政府合署三楼。

ex FKHK1IHO

: 龟話:三下,七九三六九

(八)九龍紅磡船塢街一百二十五號地下。

八七)九龍樱水埗大道二百三十四號地下

〔十一)九龍悲堡山蕊樂邨定樂橋一至四

電話:三——二六至三

台四二五——四二八窮。

電話:●— 六六五一八0: 六十四) 新界大埔廣福道五十二號地下。

八十五)新界沙田米業邨原和樓商場四樓

八十三》新界屯門铯政圈三十一號地下。

電話:十四二四

(十二)新界荃灣大河道六十七至六十九號

可話:

六〇四〇七丸

份其

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史解答建議(-)

SUGGESTED ANSWER TO

HISTORY (1)

11.

To what extent did foreign activities help cause the Boxer Uprising?

(This question is a rather general one. It asks about the causes of the Boxer Uprising in 1900-1901. Among all the causes, foreign activities in. 'China were one. However, since the question is a to what extent types you vould have to discuss the other causes as well. You would have

to discuss these causea in relation to. the one asked by the. question -- foreign activities in China. Note the following points which you can include in an essay on this question.)

Foreign activities in China

In society, western missionaries preached Christianity. To Chinese Confucian scholars, western missionaries. challenged their social leadership.

*The missionaries :taught Western..

learnings, therefore competing with

Chinese scholars as teachers.

*The missionaries

carried out aocial: welfare measures.. This job was so far monopolized by the scholar class, *The missionariea·

could preach in the interiors of China. They could buy or rent land for constructing churches. too. The presence of these foreigners "angered many Chinese:

people..

*Some missionaries:

told Chinese converts not to worship. ancestors and not to take part in local festivals.

(b)Foreign activities

also caused resentment

and fear among the

common Chinese people:

*Many Chinese people.

did not understand

Western. things and

were fearful of"

foreigners.

*Many Chinese people believed that their feng-shui (風水) was disturbed by the churches that missionaries built.

*Some missionaries

used money to recruit Chinese Christians. These Chinese Christians often bullied other local Chinese people. Many: of them. were in fect. criminals. When the missionaries spoke or acted for the Chinese Christians, the local Chinese people believed that the missionaries protected. crimes committed by the Chinese Christians.

(c)After 1860, foreignerg

had the right to buy land and live in some special areas in the.. treaty ports known as foreign settlements. There they had their own police force, set up their own governing bodies, and were free. from Chinese control. Foreigners enjoyed

extra-territorial rights too This meant that when they had: committed a crime, they would be tried according to the laws: of their own country. rather than according: to Chinese laws. This: aroused resentment among Chinese: officials and some Chinese: "people"

(d)In 1896-99, foreign

imperialism, grew:" rapidly. in China. This was the period of the Scramble for Concessions. For example, in 1897, Germany occupied

Kiaochow of Shantung. This aroused great ̈

fear among the Shangtung people. The. Boxer movement coriginated in.

Shantang.

Other causes that态 brought about the Boxer Uprising

(a)China had an anti-

foreign tradition.

Foreigners were

considered barbarians.

Therefore foreign

activities in China in 1860-1899 led to many anti-foreign activities. among Chinese people. Common. Chinese people..

tacked foreigners

sometimes damaged their churches. The

scholar class. supported:

activities ise.

In the KLARY Court?

the:

Empress Dowager: was herself deeply anti-foreign. This was because after the 1898. Hundred Day. Reform, K'ang Yu-wei: and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao were helped

escape by Britian and Japan

to

respectively. Then when the Empress. Dowager tried to choose a new emperor foreign ministers checked her from doing that.

(c)After 1898, many top

Chinese officials and Manchu nobles hated foreigners intensely

too.

(d)In 1899-1900 in

Shantung and North China, there was great economic hardship. Many conmon people. were jobless or starving. Many of them joined the Boxers.

(e)In 1900, the Empress

Dowager believed that the Boxers could be used to make war on all foreigners: She told the Boxers to enter Peking. from Shaitung, Then she declared war

on all foreign powers. This was how the Boxer Uprising started.

Conclusion

You could conclude by. saying that although foreign activities. increased in China from 1860 to 1899. (especially in 1896- 99), the Boxer!! Uprising was brought about by the auti foreign tradition and anti-foreign activities led by Chinese people too. It was the Empress Dowager who decided to use the: Boxers. in a.war against all foreigners. Therefore

foreign activities in

China did not alone

cause the Boxer Uprising.

Compare and contrast the principal characteristics of Japan's constitution of 1889 and 1947.

(Again. this question. ds a rather general/ one, rather straight- forward. In 1889 the Meiji Emperor granted a constitution to the Japanese people. The main motive was to make Japan appear to be a modern state in the eyes of

foreigners. We should remember that this was the time when Meiji Japan was modernizing herself. In 1947, however, the Japanese constitution was: worked out by SCAP (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) after Japan's defeat in the Second World War in 1945. T1lberal features of the 1889: constitution were removed. In this question, you are expected to compare and contrast the features of the two constitutions. You can include the following points in an essay on this question.) (a)The 1889 Constitution:

was granted by the Emperor to the people This meant that the Emperor could in future cancel the constitution if he thought it necessary However, in the 1947: Constitution, the Emperor was placed under the

constitution. This meant that he must chey the constitution and enjoyed no govern- ment power aud. owned no state property. In

the 1889 Constitution, the Emperor could give orders to the govern- ment outside the scope of the constitution. From 1947 on, he lost

Coat power.

the 1889- Constitution, the Emperor commanded the armed forces, controlled foreign policy, appointed cabinet members and

judges, and could

dissolve the

Parliament (called Diet) at will. From 1947 on, he lost the se powers. Thereafter, the cabinet was formed by the majority party in the Diet, The cabinet then commanded the armed forces. controlled foreign policy and appointed: cabinet members. Judges. became more: independent.

(c)The Diet was divided

into two houses, the Upper House and the Lower House, in both the 1889 and 1947 Constitutions. Howevery in the 1889. 'Constitution, the

Upper House was appointed by the Emperor, and the Lower House was elected by

1% of the total :population only. From 1947 on, both Houses were elected by the people. The voting population increased greatly, as all adults could vote. The voting age:was lowered from 25 to 20,

(d)The cabinet that the

Emperor appointed and controlled could ignore the Diet in carrying out its policies in the case of the 1889

·Constitution. From 1947 on, however, the cabinet must: obtain approval from the Diet before carrying out important:policies. The Diet could use a vote of no confidence to force the cabinet to resign, thereby starting a new election.

(e)In the 1889

Constitution, if the Diet refused to approve the annual budget, the previous year's budget would he used. So the people (who were represented in the Diet) could not effectively control the budget of the

ment. From 1.947

reform was introduced. Then: an annual budget must obtain approval from. the Diet before it could be used.

(f)In'the 1889

Constitution, the

military enjoyed.

special powers. For example, they could. approach the Emperor directly for approving a policies, by passing the civil government (that is, the cabinet), if they thought that something was important. In 1947, the military lost these special powers, powers that could easily turn Japan into a military dictatorship

(g)The powers given to

the people were limited in the case of the 1889. Constitution. More importantly, the Emperor had the right to withdraw these⠀⠀ powers. In the case af the 1947 Constitution,

however, more rights and powers. were given to the people. These rights. and powers were guaranteed by the Constitution,

(h)The different governi ment departments were highly ceritralized in Meiji times. However, their power was decentralized after 1947. This was for preventing a dictatorship from controlling the government from above.

(1)In the 1889

Constitution, very few political parties were tolerated. They had limited freedom to campaign in politics. In the case of the 1947 Constitution, however, different political parties were tolerated. They were encouraged to take part in politics.

Conclusion

You can conclude by saying that the illiberal features of the 1889 Constitution helped militarists to climb to.power. in Japan in the 1930s. This was why in 1947. these illberal features were removed by the new Constitution. The reform of the 1947- Constitution was part of SCAP's program to democratize Japan.