1984-04-06 — Page 28

報日僑華

日六月四年四八九一曆公年三十七國民華中育教濟經

五期星

WAH KIU YAT PO

日六初月三年子甲曆夏

頁四第張七第

一

一

’

了

年一饼制開放進口。 一個措施阻碍產業之正常,而提質易對手國之不良反應,故積極推一 國貿局指出,我國係採行以出口爲導向發展經濟,為免過多的進口管 ,惟亦寫持自由貿易的原則儘阯解除進口

制及限制,對非民生必諳品則採高關稅政沆 原則上除配合農業政策及農民利,需要保護的項科外,均予解除進口管 情况、外資競爭能力、進口關稅及消費大眾權益,決定開放進口的程度, (台北訊)經濟部國際貿易局发示,農產品的進口,將權衡國內產期

非民生必需品採高關稅政策 台農產品將全面開放進口

貿易自由化,

原 揉时限制。 ㄩ的䱛蛸(包括詿蝦)改爲准許進口類,並解除鴨肉、豬勻、鮮蛋等的地

·能力的農產品,均全面開放進口。榮表示,根據此項原則,已經將管制進 國貿局指出,祇要是我國大批出口的農產品成產量豐富具有畹際爭

爭力強。或進口管制及限制原因消失的農產品,均予開放進口。i 一批項目&言了協議書 、肇慶、海南等地均有

惟今後仍將雞柏與既政單位協調、松时,张雙是大抵出口、產恰豐富、陇 限由台灣省農合申請進口,對蘋果之進口,限由冷藏貨櫃或冷藏船迎。 爲衍制進口或幣停進口。種植用有子西瓜子(包括瓜子、瓜種子)改列 一魚、石首魚類、秋刀魚、降乳、加糖烘乳、冷藏及冷凍可离等貨品均列 等規定,如花生食用西瓜子、蝸牛、魷魚、魚、白帶魚、 3、 類, 、淮、精等產品列有管制進口限制進口地區,蔡止進口或限制申請人資格 一國貿局指出,日前為配奔奸業政策之推行及國內農民收益,對農、林 或意向峦。

口袋項目的協議,佛山

三廠與泰國綿陽有限公 探設梅協議。汕頭望科 一商簽訂了引進大理石開

此亦解除禁止進口的禁令,避免因變廢食, 其次,因涉及匪貨而禁止進口的農產品,由於其他國家亦有生產,因

·或限制,過去已經開放進的貨品包括魚翅、燕紅,饱魚等。 ,對於非民生必需的设產品,則暫採取高關稅保護•而解除其進口诌

廣東投資促進會

●三十三項章煜了協議 澳洲自動導航系統

上午止 洽談香所公佈 染廠擬引進的戲無高 款進展迅速至三月卅日,美商達成協議。 三十五項達成正式協議商達成協議。梅縣與客」二百家,共二百七十人, 百○八項展傳洽談。有「送的設傲, 均已和客 斑會,其中港澳公司 「自和補-

疽岛,已有二檡縣市箫四外織廠擬引公司,五百四名來 的 l百二十一個止式項一座逆溉來色機等設備、國家和地區的三百多家 廣東投資促道會 | 地等數項已分別與港商 三十五項達成正式協議

·目前,已有十九個,

洽談進展很迅速 自動製

INNULEROS

、合作項目,已有十五

黎明一種自動系

適宜各類船隻使用

HURSEMASTER

項達成正式協議;客商流,無論在何種天「航 in

STER CM304

九十五萬美元。廣州與 港商投資額達一千一百船隻資綫航行的準確度物色對剪伤或海事有興 公司,引進了三萬紗糊,正常海面何况下,東南亞及太平洋區國家 他的讚美紡織有限企業可以令然直径航行。外市場,現正在歐洲、 千元。廣州與港福合資班或逆流,這導航系統都”该公司希望拓展海 投資額四千三百多萬第一氣遇到風向轉變,偏就一支程序器組成。 在*點二哩之內,若在「風的代價。

COURSEMA

司,紗鍵鈦與美商合辦,準確度更在芬愍雾 港商台辦廣南:白粉公,港內及平靜海面航行時 git 3000 自動領

ASTER CM30

SHRCOURS EM?

、

渡海輪船、探花船

遊河船,大小型遊艇 涅狞器適用於機動船。

·操作的船隻。」 其他各類在離海或水

及

袖掛頭扶振器。 枇高有限公司,生态石,哩之內。 山西紡織廠與外商合作 一,其中十六位微型計數的資料傳到自動航器 包含十四個分7日,先交接裝置,後者會將人 晚,工業控制度的計算」。這個系統主要由C O路版,王氏電路(Pit

來洽商。韶關市無毒唯一產的系統利用一個人造 AR TOPILOTS P 後有十多家客商來洽談,造衛星導航器不斷提供 廠微型冤子計算機項目編星心航器及一個電子

愛及 幾家破十幾家客戶前|+ 生 ;,會議洽談進行得汁|EMA'S TER. A C 一,透部由C OG A S

引進外國先進科技

王氏增產

電路版需求殷

爲擴大生產多層電

*H)公司經已見得佔地

【達兩萬平方呎廠冏,擴

「-

廠房投入生產,而除

1]}| 半年投產後,不僅使該廠每年加一千萬米瓣克 於2 一絲光機的一條寬幅漂生產淺 - 並從荷蘭引進一 |組成一條寬幅訊網印花生產綫,兩條生產變下的每月一千平方公尺, 台闖染印花機,從意大利引進一台高趾蒸化倦,一電版之生產,已由過去 染廠,今年將從日本引進包括下幅媒褾檄和高速一表示,透過新廠房投入 年產七千萬米淤棉色布和花布的山西第一印氏工業公司董事王忠祠

·生產,王氏電路對多層

夏一的廠商簽訂了三須待織先進技術設備引進協議書展計劃。 王獲悉:今年山四省分別與日本、意大利、何蘭司並已訂下其他多項 :(太原電)山西省國際經濟技術合作詮談會,今次擴-

廠房外,該公 據其母公司——王

跳升至每月一千八百年

單面徼針機按設術。 日本引進針織批放褾白機,計繁圓機,提花苔紗廠房,爾加生產,始可

但是很花樣,以適應國內外市場的需要。, 需求 - 達到前所未有的

同時,還可增加雙面印花和富有立體感的牛色調,市面上對多層電路版的 一點八米的絳棉花布和一千萬米寬幅杯捉色布,蔡:「目前

·嵐絲針織廠也將分別從,紀錄,本公司唯有擴-

[東京]

中華民國、美、

W

,王氏並透露,王氏

將可達目前每月生產量

英、法、西德、三倍。而爲應付市場上

。但爲修補日製機器用者不在此限。 必須經過遹產者承認始得輸出成簽訂代銷商合同 年總產量能低於八四年 一路製軸承、煤製軸承,自四月一日起管制一年,一萬呎廠房,期望其八五 總產量。

【 出口管一年 備,直接器需求蔭開始長,該公司

等七硼所黹高碳|垕俄进續另算佔地蓬十

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史

(廿八)

明德出版社胡應亮 提供資料

HISTORY (28)

Viola Y.Y. Woo

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

The exam is to be held in May, so by this time you should be full speed ahead. From this issue on there will be a number of essays on both Europe and East Asia. But remember it is not wise to study a few topics alone. You have to choose at least one question from each section (i.e. Europe or East Asia), and one must familiarize oneself with broad historical features in order to tackle the multipe-choice part.

Read the following question. How would you try to answer it in essay-form?

"How did the Sarajevo assassination lead to the outbreak of the First World War? What responsibilities did Austria have in brining about the war?"

It is important to jot down important points 30 that when you write. the. essay, you can from time to time refer to the points. This will make sure that important points will not he missed. The following is an example of the main points that you can, jot down for the above question:

1. Late June 1914

assassination at Sarajevo.

2. Austria believed

Serbia planned it. 3. Germany supported

Austria in

Serbia a ling

Russia, friendly with Serbia, ordered

general mobilization. 5. Germany

Cared the advantage enjoyed hy Russia faster

mobilization; decided on war with both Russia and France (Russia's ally)... German troop smarched through Belgium. But to Britain, Belgian neutrality most. important. So Britai xi entered war against Germany. Austria's

responsibilities

eagerness to recover declining prestige in Europe by making war on Serbia; harsh terms of ultimatum to Serbia.

8. Other powers also

responsible in some ways. Not. Austria alone.g

Conclusion First World War due to both underlying causes and immediate causes

(e.g. Austria's responsibilities.)

Of course you should not write out these points in

so detailed a manner. Sometimes one or two wo. words are e enough. The

purpose is to make sure

that you won't write irrelevant things unlinowingly.

Now you can start from the first point. Remember that you are required to write an essay, not a group of points. So you. have to explain, expand or re-plirase the points in paragraphs. Add extra things if you think they are relevant to the question, especially examples that can support the point. But time yourself. If time doesn't permit, you have to write eoncisely. And minor points or examples can be dropped. This is especially important if the question is rather general

Remember that you may know about something but you may find it difficult to write on it in an essay. The difficulty is to find suitable words/ phrases/sentences to say something in mind. To solve this problem, you can read more history essays and practise writing more essays, too. Because history is often about causes, effects

the language and so on, is often the same for different essays. If you are familiar with the language (not reciting it by heart), then you will have more time to think carefully and write. according to your judge- ment (whether something is relevant or not). Be in full control of your writing. Don't write whatever things that happen to come across your mind.

The following is a model essay. You will see how paragraph writing can be applied.

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand took. place in late June of 1914. The place was Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia, Serbia had always wanted to unite with Bosnia. Austria believed that it was.

Serbia which mated

the assassins. Austria, Serbia tried to challenge her influence in: Bosnia. Because Ferdinand was the most important man in Austria other than the Emperor himself, a crisis followed. As we shall see, this in the end led up to the outbreak of the First World War.

In early July, Kaiser William II of Germany promised full support for Austria. By 1914, Austria was Germany's only alby, and Germany did not want to lose face. However, the support for Austria had the effect of encouraging a wore aggressive Austrian policy toward Serbia.

Finally, Austria sent an ultimatun to Serbia, The ultimatum was very harsh, Upon refusal of Serbia to accept all the terus, austria declared war on Serbia.

In late Julay, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia ordered a general mobilization of armed

forces against Austria and Ge

The reason rmany. was that ussia had been friendly with Serbia, Russia and always wanted to extend her influence in the Balkans. Now that Serbia was bullied by Austria, Russia decided to support Serbia. In this way the local cri at Sarajevo began to involve another great power other than Austria,

The Russia mobilization? worried German Dilitary leaders greatly. Before 1914 they had worked out. detailed, wär plans against the Triple Entente powers, mainly France and Russia. As Germany was in the middle middle of Russia (on the east) and France (on the west), these German leaders believed that Germany could win any war against them only by quick mobilization. Now Russia had mobilized first, so the war plans. had been upset. The W Kaiser was advised that further delay in military laction vuld only benefit

Russia and France

and would be to the disadvantage of Germany, After some discussion, the Kaiser decided on a war against both France and Russia.

Germany intended to defeat France in six weeks and then deal with Russia on the east. To do so, German troops must march into France quickly. "But because the border between France and Germany was well guarded, Germany. sent her troops against France by way of Belgium. To Britain, Belgian neutrality was very important, for reasons of national. security (as Belgium was near the British homeland). This drew Britain into war too.

The responsibilities of Austria for the war laid in hierover-eagerness to recover dynastic prestige leven to the extent of

risking war. The Sarajevo assassination would have. been peace fully settled if not for the single- minded intention of Austria to crash Serbia. The harsh terms of the ultimatum sent to Serbia was the best proof. After that, other powers, such as Germany and Russia, were involved. Of course' Austria should not be held responsible for the First World War alone. For example, the support for Austria came from Germany, and Germany should in this way be responsible for encouraging Austria to

use an

aggressive policy.

Russia was the first great power to mobilize her armed forces, and.. this step led Germany to decide on an all-out war against both France and Russia 11 the great powers were responsible.

We the outbreak of the

war, though in different ways. And there were underlying, long-term causes too, such as the. Alliance Systen, nationalis ur militarisu. without these

Long-term causes, the. great powers would not. have acted as they did in the summer of 1914.

In short, the First World War cannot be explained by the aggressive policy of Austria alone. Both underlying and immediate causes.

Plained it"..

Answers to the 60 M.C questions in the previous tvo issues.

1A

3 E 4

5. B

4 7 9 8. T 19.0 10. I TT. € 12. D 13. D 14E 15. A 16. 17. 0 18. S 19. P 20. R 21 B22. A 23. D 24 E 25. B. 26. 27. 28. T 29. T 30. Q 31. D 32. 33. 34E 35. C 36, 37. 0 38. P 39. T 40. R 410 C420 A 43. A 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. S 48. 49. S 50. S 51. C 52. C 53 C 542 D 55. B 56. R 57. P 58. T. 59. 60, P

經濟(廿八)

王啓光提供資料 明德出版社

·陳勵德 K.E. WONG & CUT, CHAN MILL & DALE PRESS LIDL AV Balance-of-Payments

"A country's balance of international payments can affect the value of its currency and influence decisions of the government regarding exports, imports, and the flow of investment funds.

A country's balance -of-payments statement summarizes all inter- national transactions by overument, business,

ess, and private residents during a specified period of time, usually one year. It is a flow concept reflecting changes in accounts, similar to an Jie ome statement and a flow- of-funds statement in accounting. As an illustration, the official-reserves section of the balance of payments would summarize, an aumia] changes in amounts of reserve assets, such as gold and covertible currencies.

* The principle of

balance-of-payments is hased on döúhle-entry- accounting; encli transaction is represented by an increase or a decrease of units. When the total receipts are greater than the total payments, the country is described as having favourable balance

a

因地

of payments, or

payments, surplus.

However, if total

payments are more than Lotal receipts, the

country will be suffering a payment deficit, i.e. unfavourable balance of payments, of course, a country with

payment surplus will gain foreign exchange while a country with⠀ payments deficit will lose foreign exchange Current Account.

The current account usually includes merchandise trade, services and sunilateral transfers.

Merchandise trade

includes the export and import of physical goads. On the other " hand, services are often referred to as

nonmerchandise transactions invisibles.

Transfer payments or unilateral

transfers represent. gifts or similar · payments by domestic: residents to foreign residents (private. transfer), or vice versa. The net of th three accounts merchandise trade, services, and unilateral transfers

- represent the balance on current account. A

Diversification

In recent years, Hong Kong exporters

have faced many trade restriction prohléns. The European Economic Community has imposed quotas on textiles, which is the largest export industry in Hong Kong. In addition neighbouring countries such as South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, etc., are exporting those items that are competitive with long Long products, overseas Thus, because of international restrictions on imported goods and keen competition, the, Fong Kong Government,

advices. Tocal industries to diversify. The ultimate aim, of course, is to make Hong Kong less dependent on a few major markets and to decrease the chance of vnemployment in this area, Z

"General speaking, diversification can serve the following purposes: (1)hetter utilization of the firms' pro- duction facilities; (2)increased economy

in the existing sales organization; 5) redured dependence.

of a country (er a: firm a single market, product or

customers

(4)higher return ön

investment could be

List obtained

in its present area of activity;

future

growth of

the company if its present market does

permit, adquate Wat

sales increases; (6)avõding strong,

competition on its

nt market.

present

Here it iska important to realize that diversifications can be brought about in different forms (1)Diversification of

market s diversification of markets "reans, au increase in the number of markets served by an individual firm. When the export industriesofa

country dejend solely on one market or a few markets, then it will face probable threats whenever the importing countries set up trade barriers, such as tariffs quotas.

Diversification o industries by diversifying. industries, this means the provision

greater variety of industry to an area, especially. one mainly dépendent on a highly localised industry. Its. a i m is to make employ ment. Jess

on a parthts

industry so that

serious employment will not occur if that industry declines, as our exports are usually labour-intensive the increased

productfor cost. (e.g. land, labour) has made our domestic experts less competitive. with those of our neighbouring countries who have "cheaper labour and

1and Bence we need

to develop new lines of production which requires skills, technology; design, machinery, and management,

In order to work for the continual growth and develop- ment of our expertsy

diversifications of industries are markets are.

themselves, the geverment can play a critical role in the diversification process, such as through a relaxed land policy. A committee has already been set up to study the details of diversification in Bang Inng. Only with the com fordinsted efforts

of both the govern- ment and the

industrialists will this process can be carried out

sptisfactorily.