報日僑華
日四十月三年四八九一曆公年三十七國民華中
三期星
WAH KIU YAT PO
育教化女頁三第張二第日二十月二年子甲屬夏
「精神不死」矣! 使後學得以參攷。」其獻於教育熱號,眞可謂「 盘送祖國,馮平山圖書館,以存中國藝術,並 [病症,留言曰:「苟张某一旦辭世,當將所藏· 注;詩情畫意,交光互映,洎精品也。先生晚 顧家族「陶園許意圈」四屏,用厪設色,清風濕 穿。惜予生也晚,未於一睹。然曾見張氏爲余少 錄。當幹廬山全景册百梁二三十攝,用縮變化無 鄭段存儒說,自得陷和謝玉情。」見者皆稱爲寶 謝無量。會以病足跡,無世見而賦詩曰:「久驚
·。」先生好學,無所不涉,常懷玉抱誨,無知於 楠之,以求所爲士夫畫,非詩畫眾苦,葛克常此
·古谐之朝臣院,市井江湖,魔離惡俗之習而 一厄塞抑鬱之涸,而仲其英奇磊落之才。............舉 川險阻,雲物移-天將大昌君之詩與畫,以 學。山水大師黃賓虹叙其「旅途集稿」:「山 復至京鬣,南返港类,曾任教於本港官立漢文中 房爾茲,西遊桂、、日出、湖、贛、皖、 以山水秀其所糖,瀛遊海內名山‧三至北平,出 曰:「前輩告吾師也。」故習逛不專一,而 加[癸亥合作逛肚」及「國畫研究會」,滿語人 先生相說淸驚,早就隨高劍父學班,在總先後 「甲骨文拾撐」、「圖像徵考錄」等著作。 一個發」;「旅途橋』「古玉器文字考] 一中:廣東龍江人。有「元畫涼」,「陽快來 張虹〔一八九〇〇〇一九六八字谷,號
二張
丹青不朽懷
北,用狀其生,明犁惜之。 小而精幹,有作爲之人世。後因體弱染阿美 為人欺咽,霧眼善笑,能作東方朔大宮。她體短 特小鉿,疏秀網娩,似献反正,人罕其匹。張氏 安徽黄士陵牧甫,旁窺超挺拔,她上追秦漢,尤 光,與東有易于丽一時發亮。復長於為印,初學 天王盈端。用 秀洲,有元人風致。書則法 香 樂,黃繫、華亭、安東王氏,尤醉心於九龍山水 先、李研山合組「天池正社」,擅山水,多擬大 廣東番禺人。早成套父,比長即遊於藝。隨
· 張祥凝一九〇九——一九六〇)字作齋,
華僑文化
介「二張一生平如后............ ,皆氣機號螉,非尋常驚傳者所能比府也。茲略 J予她其言,乃趨坊蒐求,終獲「二張」遺 「攘山水,振妙一時。君中藏,幸毌交雙失之。 【論斗,該有見地。惟般虹谷攤,張祥凝作來,搵 「臻善美。」史曰:「燭照剖析:鈴 沈啟南,倘其興到,涵泳於心,輝之於手,告 敝,惜哉!」予應之曰:「芬寫山水似規步明之一
·索其畫者,薛於齒及山水,未免平向而望下見西 仕女並世亦無抗手。至山水一門,人莫識之「蓋一 ∫蕤違深得向陽筏堂遭矩,以花卉最工。而羅漢 盛丈李謀稔予阿爾郡處士芬之證品,窗
浮列
畫
本
|
柜
船
平
「蕭條淡泊,此難畫之意。」
·由是觀之,畫壇「二張」足稱卓然成就,其 象,則覺磊落奇蟠於胸次。有如很歐陽公曰:「
「理、氣、壓」飛到之構,挺見「好古敏求」第 *美之辭。至祥凝先生之「觀古閣國」,堪稱「 「,」賓虹老人謂「天將大昌君之詩與畫」,非
|拳烟抹遠山。正是禨秋光璒好,靑空無滓隔窿業
.列柜,風筋泖岸拂華堂。染甚泛水沈明月+ 一蓋船標,傍湖灣,亂後相遂爲解顏。坐上車盤遊 本平游心,神采生於用筆,先生綴以七律日:
·予得谷能先生「柳映徜愴」銎,見氣網
爲百粤之光芒也大!
AKREENSIKUA-
:吾人告欲去糍求製,其所行善惡極重
SENIK ***
明乎此,所謂霸輯之來,操之在我也。 返·抑私從公,去功利而倍仁義,网共享永福。 ,最終同歸於盡而已了大梁臨頭,應及早迷途知 威,所劉慈愛,所謂和平,徒喊口號,實際無存 |陰謀詭計磉力以洤私。導致所謂文明,所謂人 ,大者國與國之鬥,互爭其科,以强凌弱,各施
役其勞煩。靜心明遠,持其中道,自求多福, 何能安樂?离型水不寧息而已了心者人舞人之爭。 ,若谓人欲之商私,必爭鬥不已,人類柏殘,
明道 至是則以利不能被其墮入陷阱,物悠不能 求证,必先求義理,捨此別無他途。-
滿智骛財 取捨,自然達致過來!所謂智者樂,仁者彩。 智仁者不祇自求多福,且亦爲他人遊福也。故欲
施,無異去福求過,誠屬可憐役可笑! -義理明則偏私去,偏私去則公道生,公道生財
之性情告好邪而不好正,好惡而不好善,得 一此種種,皆爲不明正邪是非,白取其禍。可憐人 去禍求獻之道,憑好學求。智足則義理明
火借用。或凶殘藝展,狂妄胡摄,致招覆滅。凡 一義理,或學不述道,致成侶劣。或言非所有,取 | 所走途徑是否正確。例如對子女裕愛無方,失其 非所宜,致招怨怒。或言而無俗,奸詐虚假,致
一道,然後知過福之山來,能辨别是非善惡,方知 ,使換越同等份好之義或將,純爲自求也。明其
下杂和 AN
RK
1984
中學會考試題預習專欄
廿六 地理
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GEOGRAPHY (26)
YLY LEE & K.C, CHOF
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
49. Both Hong Kong and
Japan are important manufacturing.
countries in Asia. Compare and contrast the reasons for the rise
of manufacturing industries in these
two countries.
Suggested Answer::
Hong Kong and Japan are now important industrial countries in Asia. Both of them experienced rapid industrial growth in the last 30 years. A compari- son and contrast of the advantages and disadvan- tages the two countries" possess can be made as -follow
Advantages:
Historical factors
In Hong Kong, industrial development was a totally new phase of economy emerged in the city since 1949. The turn was chiefly
benefited by the political changes in the surrounding areas. Before 1949, the economy of Hong Kong mainly relied on entrepot trade, in which, goods from and to China composed the largest sector. Rut the changes in China: herself and the embargo on trade with China imposed by the western countries: during the Korean War had led to a dramatí c decrease in the A import-export trade. with China. It was becoming obvious that the colony could no longer rely on entrepot trade and had to develop a new type of productive activity to support the growing population. The solution turned out to be industrialization.
The case in Japan is quite a different one, Although rapid industrial growth is also a post-war phenomenon, the country had already laid the basis for industrialization before the Second World War. This
historical hertage, which meant also accumulation of technical experience, of course promised the country a good start in industrialization. Yet the wars in Korea and Indo-China have also helped a lot. because the USA government bought cheaper ammunition aud other requirement from Japan.
2 Supply of power
resources
Hoth Hong Kong and Japan are relatively poor in the supply of power resources for
Industrial development.
In Hong Kong, no coal
and there is no swift-
or petroleum is found,
flowing and large
river to produce.
H.F.P. Fortunately,
the problem can he
easily alleviated by
its being a route
focus in the world.......... Adequate coal, petroleum and natural gas are supplied by ocean transport.
In Japan, the stock of energy resources is
in a large. also measure meagre. Among the three common forms. of power resources, HE.P. is the most promining. For coal, the reserves are limited and are mostly poor in quality. Petroleum supplies are insufficient to meet the increasing demand. Thus, Japan has to rely considerably on the importation of power resources from other countries, especially oil from Middle East:
3 Supply of raw
materials
Similar to the supply of power resources, Hong Kong. produces scarecely any significant quantity of raw materials for industry; Nlowever, contributed by her good harbour and weÏ1– equipped facilities for distant oceanic transport, importation raw materials from Mainland China as well as other countries is easy.
Japan is also seriously "short of industrial raw materials, but this does not cause great difficulty in her industrial, development too. As it is not far from other Asiatic countries which are always good raw material suppliers, raw materials can be easily obtained, e.g. rubber and tin fron Malaysia, cotton from India and Pakistan.
⠀⠀
4. Transportation system
The Victoria Harbour. is perhaps the greatest physical endowment of Hong Kong. It is an excellent natural harbour; the water is deep, it is well-sheltered on all
sides, with small tidal range and is well facilitated, Such a good, harbour, together with the up-to-date container cargo service; its situation in the world main routes; its freedom from import duties on most goods and its efficient marine police, all have helped a lot in alleviating many of the problems. They render of easy importa- tion of raw materials and exportation of finished products. Internal transport is also covenient. Linking up the industrial sectors on. both sides of the harbour, ferry boats are in regular
services. or land. transport, main roads, flyovers, tunnels are constructed.
Transportation in Japan is excellent too. Despite the hilly nature of the country. roads are constructed along the coast to link up the industrial regions. Her cheap oceanic transport also facilitates the import of raw materials and ⠀⠀⠀ power and the export of manufactured goods.
5 Supply of labour
by
The early industrial development of Hong Kong was favoure the spectacular influx of refugees from Mainland China. The dense population provides sufficient labour, both skilful and unskilful.
In Japan, people are mostly concentrated in great cities such as. Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. The large population of these cities also provide a large reservoir of labour to work in the factories. Besides, due to the early start of industrialization, the labour force in Japan is quite skilful and is wellknown for imitation,
Capital
Capital is
sufficient in Hong Kong for the develop- meat of industry. It is partly due to the large amount of capital which was. carried down from China by the immigrants. Besides, the political
stability of long Kong; its relatively low income and profit taxes and its cheap and abundant labour also attract a lot of foreign capital to flow into the colongy
Capital is abundant in Japan, too. The successful birth control in the country has slowered the population growth rate and reduce family size, thus a large portion of household income can be reserved as savings and is encouraged to invest in the industrial sector. Financial aid from the United States has been a drive of the post-war
industrial growth Japan too. Moreover large amount of. foreign capital is also obtained as attracted by her cheap and skilful labour.
7. Market
The dense population in Hong Kong forms o very good local market. For the externa} market, liong Kong goods are generally welcome by other countries and are popular because of top-class quality and competitive prices. In spite of the quotas set up by the UK. and USA ete., Hong Kong still finds large · external markets in other countries, such
those in South
as
American,
Africa,
Middle East and SE Asia. Besides being
a member of the British Commonwealth, Hong Kong enjoys British Commonwealth Preference.
market is also ate in Japan, both internally externally. Her dense. population with high consumption power forms good internal market. The developing countries in Asia form favourable foreign w markets for the Japanese manufactured" goods easily find large markets in North America and other countries as well.
8. Encouragement and efforts of the Governments.
At the same time, government of both the two countries have done much in encourag- ing manufacturing. In Hong Kong, lands were allocated for the development of industrial satellite towns, the water supply systems was.. improved, and the government also. participates in the various trade fairs to introduce the goods of Hong Kong to other countries.
Ju Japan, vast amount of surplus in the national income has been polughed back in the development of public utilities, such as in the construction of highways and railways, barbour facilities and water supply projects, which have, in turn, induced development of private enterprises in great strides..
Disadvantages:
However, there are also unfavourable factors which the two countries have to face. The most important ones are:
1. limitea Industrial
and Supply
Both: Hong Kong and Japan suffer from limited industrial land supply because of their hilly nature In Hong Kong in order to solve the problem, the government has been trying her best to provide new land, mainly by levelling the hills and reclamation. Similar works are done in Japan too.
2. Shortage of Raw
Materials and Power Resources
Although the shortage of raw materials for industrial growth can be offset by the convenience in trans- portation as discussed before, however, this cannot cut the problem to the root, Too much dependency on other countries is nevertheless not secure at all, such as the present energy crisis certainly gives a heavy blow upon their development.
50. The large scale
-development of
industry in China largely dates from the communist period beginning in 1949. Many new industrial regions are developed under the recent industrial policy of China. However, Urunchi, the western province of Sinkiang began its industry, in the late 50's
Give an account of the drawbacks which hintered the develop= ment of Urunchi before
late 50'
Last the
list the favourable factors of the recent industrial development: in it
Suggested Answer:
a. Handicaps in the past
The industrial:. growth in Urumchi, the capital of the far western province of Sinkiang, is a relatively recent phenomenon. Its industrial development before the late 50's was hindered by some physical drawbacks as listed below:
1. Urumchi
being
situated in Sinkiang, is remote from China Proper. Before the war, railways those. western provinces- were not well constructed. Communication was inconvenient in those
days.
2. Its climate and relief does not favour development, too. The region consists of high mountain ranges and -deep intermontaue
basins and experiences an arid climates.
Factors encouraging the Post-war industrial Growth
Urumchi is now an industrial centre în the northwestern part of China as favoured by the following conditions:
1. Political and
Strategic Importance
The industrial development of Urunchi was chiefly carried out for political and
strategic reasons. Situating near the atomic testi
sting ground near the atomic testing ground near Lop Nor, it is of a location of strategic importance.
Commanding Position. of Important Routes
Drumchi, being a gap town in Tien Shan, controls the Tarim and: Dzungarian Basins. Improvement in the transportation with other parts of China is more decisive, With the construction of Kansu-Sinkiang Railway Urumchi is now easily accessible. Besides, roads are also constructed to. facilitate the trans- port of materials and products.
3. Sufficient Power
∙Supply
Petroleum
b.
oil is exploited at Karamai. Kucha and Aksu, and is piped. to the refinery at Urumchi Thermal electricity is supplied.
H.E.P.
Power is also supplied from a nearby 11.E.P. station on the Urumchi River to the south, 4. Abundant Raw Materials Agricultural Products... Agricultural products can be obtained from the irrigated land in the oases on the southern and northern. alopes of Tien Shan, such as those at Turfan and Hami,
are industrial encourage:
development. Industrial crops such as fruits and cereals for processing and cotton for textiles are important. Softwood timber Softwood timber is produced from the coniferous forests on the surrounding high mountains for pulp and paper and other timber based." Pastoral Products The basins are also rich in pastoral products which help to develop neat
ndustry
רדיו.
processing
woollen textiles and leather goods.
manufacturing.
d. Oil
The rish oil reserve there supplies crude oil for refinery and its by-products for various types of chemical industry. Iron and cóàl Iron and coal are supplied from the mines in the neigh- bourhood areas, such as highgraded iron ore: near Urumchi and from a nearby city- Hani. Iron and steel: plants and agricultural: machinery factories are thus set up. 5. Heliable Water Supply
Since 1949; reservoirs have been constructed on the mountain slopes to improve irrigation, e.. the Leap Forward Reservoir on the northern slope of Tien Shan not far from Urumchi.
6. -Adequate Labour
Supply A
There has been a considerable influx of young and energetic Chinese to this region from China Proper since migration was enforced. They can endure the extreme. climatic conditions there.
7. Encouragement and
Efforts of Government Under a series of five years plans, works are done in the region, such as the building of roads and railways and the intensive exploration for new resources. They all have helped a lot in its industrial. development.
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