1984-01-23 — Page 31

日三廿月一年四八九一层公年三十七國民荤中

[到了改善,一些主要指農村實行了嶷產青任劍 一基本平衡,人民生活導一面壁大偉業。但由於 一直持發展,財政收支一然災害不斷,農田受害 一 的要好得多。工農業生多,從年初到秋天,直 | 九八二年 — 中國的鹽民|位捱濟界的槽威人士說 經濟形勢很好,比預想,去年的自結炎售比校 |娄融主任诠實華說 [] 在談到農業時•道 : 北京電)國家輕一千八百四十億元。

·去年中國工農業均產

總產值近九千億

華僑經濟

「第六個五年計劃。

「五十億元,銅鐵等三十一百億元,提前兩年完成 工業接流值爲大千一百七百六十元,超額 他說,一九八三年收年,她重鎮叄子

三個產品提前兩年完成·華說,一九八三年的粮

「了「六五」計劃,實實

•期星

*#

報日僑

WAH KIU YAT PO

有教消耗頁三第張八第

日一廿月二十年要発展夏

|

長

求 產 易口品卷大

品完

擬

會德。額得意重健前 天鐵達到過工五

回路協

「輸百大,閃劃成

公求的,餛 組垢百憶的第

加八,還大

了十棉多個

花出五力

N+HA 世達到二十七億六千萬 i降幅從百分之四至百 們估計其銷售與營利會

一九八三年石油降低。 分之一點」。對上三年,廠商俱持良好屁,它 二十七億九千萬嗤低百」的下半個會計年度,各 噸,僅比一九八二年的 至一九八四年三月期間

九七九年的產量低百分,自出口回升及原油降價 大幅下降後,去年降槁佔六十至八十,而 世界石油產長經选三年一利金中-非紡織部門商 已縮小,不過,仍比一紡織部門的進步,則緣一

經濟學一家雜誌報道。門也出現改邁。在學生 (巴黎》「石油門仍然強勁,而茄抵部 |校上半年進一步培易。

導致原料與龍源成本的

·對一九八三年十月

下降幅度已見縮小 去年世界石油產量

銷兩旺,商品購買力達'大五」計劃。 之四點五。國內市場百萬推,提前完成了一 一完成了十一億六千萬比上一年加了「千五 ,比上一年增加了百分百八十萬拍,已超額二

一本一億必元。鐵路運輸。篇八千七百八十萬組,

較七九年產量低一成半

日合纖業

S A 英國有限公司總

明年中前退休:

VISABERV

...他說:「我已知會

「過去十年 EV

盆也亳常維持在蛋高水

E-ENTILORS,

>ISA INS

全球大付系

乜加傅,「在退休

KEDAY - ANON

KERVISAS

「去年同期成長十,七一行煸至今日遍佈一夏 十五億七百萬日圓, - S A會員從幾百米粮 |銷為一萬二平四百 一首席席行政總監 2

..七個合讓廠家的總一九七○年船立以來唯

| - 串生利益爲三百人

一千七百萬日圓,成長寫世界最知名信用

SA 純益期達一百九十三唯一美元。而v

同期上升十二·大,二十億美元增至七百億

|憶九百萬日圓,較去年的銀行,年營業額也從

第一個 家禽一萬五千家

二十三

一,超過三百六十萬個

·去年四——九背州 ·商戶接受;Y-SA

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

經濟 (+^)

明德出版社

王蓉光

提供資料 陳勵德R

ECONOMICS (18)

A.K. VÙNG & LT CHÂN

MILI & DALE PRESS LTD,

Money and banking Central banks, and

ommercial bank their functions and Facilities

The functions of a central bank

A central bank is bank of government. It is set up by the government and is not profit-making. The implementation of policies in a central bank is directly⠀ controlled by the government. Usually, a central bank is the nationalizedə

institution which work with the government- to carry out the monetary policy and to promote the economic development of the country. Its functions can be summarized as follows:

to issue legal tender

Currencies,

including banknotes, and coins, are issued by the central bank under the supervision of government. Since the amount of t

circulating currencies can influence the purchasing power of the economy, govern- ment is responsible for adjusting the amount of lagal tender issued by the central bank.

In a complex monetary economy, money serves as a dynamic role in addition to being medium of exchange. Government may regulate the level or money and liquidity in the economy s0 as to achieve

some

desired policy objectives such as the control of inflation, the growth in the Cross National Product and the improvement of balance of payments.

to be the bank of government

Government revenue are usually stored in the central bank and the public expenditure *and payments are done through it. A central bank usually keeps the accounts of the government departments.

to be the advisor of government on

financial and monetary policies

The central bank acts as the advisor of government in all the matters about monetary and banking policies. The central bank may has a effective management team giving relevant information and suggestions to

government so as to

solve any economic

problems and to help

the economic

development.

to keep the cash reserves of private banks!

It is a law that all the private

banking institutions

must deposit a part

of their cash reserves in the central bank. According, for central bank centralizes the casli

reserves to protect the security and control the liquidity of the whole banking system,

Whenever there is. necessary for the private banks to horrow some money, the central bank will back them up leading them cash funds, If there is any financial crisis decurred in a private bank is responsible for supporting it as far as possible in order that national economic stability can be maintained.

to be a bank of central clearance, settlement and transfer

The central bank is the banker's bank. It provides the facilities of clearance of cheques and the transfer of funds between banks. It is the place for the banks to clear their cheques received from their customers. and drawn upon other banks. In such a case, mutual

Indebtedness between the member banks may be cancelled and the amount owned to any banks would be calculated.

to súpervise the operations of private banks

Acentral bank takes. the responsibility to help the government to carry out the banking laws and to watch and direct the work done by private banks.

7. to carry out monetary

policy

The central controla the note isaue, accepts deposite from and make a loans to the commercial banks and money market in such a way that it handles the main tool of monetary policy în a country. For

instances, inflation can be tackled by the monetary authority through control of the quantity of money which is circulating. In addition, govern- ment can change the reserve ratio of the private banks or change the discount rate and the rate of interest by adjusting and banking, ordinances so as to achieve the

goals of etary.

policy.

to keep gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves of the

country

In order to maintain the stability of the external of the external value of the national

currency system, the central bank keeps the gold. reserves and foreign exchange reserves to under-take the open,

market operation by law of exchange control.

to offer facilities to customers as a Commercial bank does

• The central bank also provides the general banking services to the customers such as acceptance of deposits, loana and - advances, remittance. and other services.

II.The function and

facilities provided to commercial banks A commercial bank

is a profit-marking in

up

firm operated by private individuals. It is established for the purpose of seeking profits by way of offering various banking services. Banking laws and ordinances are se to regulate the working targets. alle omercial banks.

The commercial banks operate branches and directly deal with individual customers They are operated. under the supervision of government of central bank and play an active economic role. Their functions can be summarized as follows:

to deep money for customers vs

Commercial banks provide the services the saving deposits fixed deposits and demand deposits are accepted. Different rates of interest are applied to various deposits together with the different ways of withdrawing money.

2. to lend money to

customers

Loans and advances are granted to commerce and industry in order to earn the reward of interest on one hand, and promote the industrial and commercial development on the other. The loans and advances include short-term`` and long-term loans, advances, overdrafts and discount bill of exchange, Government play the supervisory role to cover all deposit taking institutions.

to create bank credit

Either a central bank or a commercial bank can bring about an increase of equal amount in bank

deposits. In other words, when a bank makes an advance to a customer, whether by overdraft or loan account the result is an increase in total purchasing power,bje

For example, borrower has only a small balance to the

的價緣而高生部

credit

of his

account

and he obtains an overdraft of $500. He can draw a cheque

for this account and

pay it to the creditor. If the creditor deposit it into his own account, the creditoris. account will have increased by $500, In this case, the borrower's account can only show a debit for this account. In the combined banks' balance sheet, advances and deposita will both have increased by $500. If there is any monetary discrepancy happened;

the central bank should have the pover to control the expansion of bank credit.

to offer the service of remittance

Remittance means that the money is transferred from one place to another. Imagine that you want to sent IK$100 to your friend living in United States, you can ask for the help of the Remittance Depart- went in any commercial bank,

First of all, the Outward Newittance Department would calculate how many US dollars your 100HK dollars will buy on the foreign exchange market by referring to the day's exchange rate. If the rate is IK$5 for US$1, your HK$100 will buy HK$20. Therefore the bank will give you a bank-

draft for US$20. Next you can use a mail transfer. That is to say, the bank sends an airmail instruction to its branch in United Stateq to authorize the branch to pay your friend the sum of the money Jf it is very urgent for you to send the amount of money, you can make use of the telegraph transfer although it would be more expensive.

5. to offer import 'and

export facilities

Commercial banks

offer a special

service called

documentary credit to

to help the promotion of business. It is the guarantee given by a bank that its customer will pay for

a shipment of goods

if the correct

documents are supplied

as evidence that the

shipment has been

made

附加數(十八)

明德出版社高街方提供資料

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

(18)

S.P. KO

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Solutions to exercise

Sall-x1dx

-ƒ¦ (1-x)dx+f}-(1-x)dx

(Ang.)

let sinx-t when x=0, t=0

and when x-, t=1

-2fu(1-u3)

1+0

du

=(x+2)~(x+2)

4.) -

now,

(Aug.)

xdx

dt¬dx when x=3, when x=6,

also ax(sinx).

dt

dt

B

dx

dt

CO8X

1-f2t2.

«ft2at

-PI

at

(Ans.)

Now, x=2sine

dx=2cos de

when

(Ans.)

when

Alternative Method:

хсояхах

Josin2rd(sinx)

1{sinx)=cosxdx)

--(1-0)

(b.)

(Ana.)

(coshx+cos6x)dx

(sing-sino)

(sing—sino)

Since co85xc09x

= (co84x+cos6x

(co84x+cos6x)dx

-(-)

录

(a) Let

(Ans

[x√x +1 dx

and let t=/X +1 at 1

(x2

2

tat

+1)*at

t.tdt

- 4 (x2 + 1) +0

2x

2¢osede

ing

#

(Ans.)

Volume formed by rotating area OAB

about x-axis

71 2

f dr

8

-(x" ax

9 Cubic units

Volume formed by

rotating area OAB about y-axis

-Volume formed by

rotating area OBAC about y-axis

Volume" formed by rotating area OẠC about y-axis

24

=7(1)2

x dy

volume of OBAC

-vol. of cylinder) -- ay

(b) Let I-f-x+

dx

27

--

Putting u =x+2

2udundx

Zudu

cubic units.

required ratio

(Ans.)