1984-01-20 — Page 18

報日僑華

'Rare means

頁二第張五第 日八十月二十年癸購買 WAH KIU YAT PO

4. principal, principle

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

(1) Principal means: chief and can be used either as a noun or an adjective.

rare, scarce

́unusual'.

英

(十八) 文 立基出版社提供資料

ENGLISH [18].

Ronald Chiu

(Foundation Press)

Dear Students,

Today I would like to conclude the "list of words commonly confused by Chinese students, such as “raise and Tise’,‘principal', and principle', etc.

Some of the words have been asked in HKCEE: English Language If. In fact about 5. to & questions are set on. the choice of such words each year. I hope the list I have hitherto given you will help you tackle such type of question.

The other words on the list were chosen from my baok*Common Mistakes in English Composition', as one of the ways to improve your.com. position is to master those words.

1. practicable, practical

2.

"Practicable" means ‘can be pur. into practice. It is used for things only. MET

The plan is not practicable for we do not have the.

money required

(ii) Practical means 'effective or convenient in actual use. It is used to describe the nature of a person or of an action or method.

He is a man with a prac. tical mind.

T have found a practical tool for the purpose.

practice, practise

"Practice is a noun whereas practise?

is a verb..

Practice makes perfect.

She practises dancing every. day.

price, prize

Price means “cost” whereas *prize? means reward?:

What is the price of this coat?

He won the first prize in that.

race.

Mr. Fong is the principal of our school.

(i)、“Principle means: ‘rule', basic

truth" or ‘general law and isa.

noun.

He is a teacher of principles ̇of accounts,

Newton formulated. the principle of gravition. These machines work on the same principle.

A person without princi ples often blindly follows. .the tide.

oduce, product

Produce refers to agricultural yields, crops; etc. It is an uncountable noun and has no plural form.

•

He brought the produce of his farm to the market early each Saturday morn- ing...

Product refers to things pro- duced by industry. It is a countable noun.

The products of that firm include textiles, plastics and dyes.

6. quiet, quite

(1)· “Quiet" is an adjective meaning silent' or a noun meaning. 'silence'.

Keep quier please.. (ii) "Quite" is an adverb an means.

“completely or to a certain extent":

raise; rise

You are quite right.

"Raise' is a transitive verb and must therefore takes an object. It means lift up' or increase.. The bus company: decided to naise the bus fare by 10 Mod cents

(ii) Rise' is an intransitive verb

"and takes no object. It means. "go up", "get up or come to lift again',

He rose from his seat. to

welcome the guests.

If you have

any question,

please raise your hand.

Prices are nsing all the tinie.

"uncommon

‘Scarce’means in short supply

This is a rare coin, v

Land is scarce in Hong Kong:

respectable, respectful, respective ‘Respectable' means “worthy of respect.

"Respectful" means showing res- pect".

*Respective means ‘particular",

He is a man of respectable conduct..

He bowed his head in a respect- ful manner.

The dance ended and we all went back to our respective .seats.

10. rise, arise

*Arise means "come into existence" or 'come to notice”.

Rise?"means" “go up”,“‘get up or *come to life again.

A new problem arose shortly. after the old. one had been solved

Difficulties arose wheristiccess was in slight.·

The sun rises in the east.

·K rose very early this morning. Jesus Christ rose again from the dead. 念

They rose from their seats to" welcome the guests.

11. rob, steal

A robber robs" a person or place “af something. A thief steals" something from a person or "place.

He robbed me of my money. He stole my money.

12. salary, wages

Satary is the monthly payment for non-manual.workers. “Wages” (usually Plural) are pay: ment for manual workers."

Wages” are often paid: weekly or even daily

His salary is one thousand dol- lars per month.

His wages are one hundred dollars per day.

13. say, tell

(1) Say means speak words. Tell' means "give an account of? or "distinguish between

I just drop in to say “Hello”,

You should not tell lies:

五期星日十二月一年四八九一层公年三十七國民華中 育教刊特機影錄視電

(ii) The following are some typical expressions in which 'say' and 'tell' are used.....

say a good word for say Good morning.. say 'Good-byet

Tell

tell a secret tell the truth tell. one's name:

14. scene, scenery

A: scene" refers to the view of a small place. It is a countable noun. Scenery'. refers to the general features of a large place and is an. uncountable noun. «

The long queues of cars in the street made a wonderful scene. The scenery of Kweilin is very beautiful.

15. sensible, sensitive

'Sensible' means reasonable” or *showing good judgment. “Sensitive' means easily affected or annoyed..

You have made a :sensible decision.

She was particularly sensitive

criticism.

to

16. shade, shadow

Shade* is any place sheltered from the sun.

A shadow” is the clear shape made| by the shade of a person or thing.

That big tree made a nice shade. He looked at his own shadow.

17. so, such

So is an adverb and is used to qualify an adjective or another. adverb. *Such?is an adjective: and is used to qualify a noun.⠀⠀⠀

She was so beautiful that I was bewitched.

She was such a beautiful. girl that I was bewitched.

18. somebody, some body.

‘Somebody should be written as. one.word.

There was somebody in the ̇garden.

19. someone, some one

20.sometime, some time.

"Sometime' means "at. some inde- finite time'.

wait? often takes for.

I am awaiting the bus...

I am waiting for the bus.

*Some time means for a period of26. wake, awake.

time and is usually preceded by.

I shall let you know sometime tomorrow.

I have been waiting here for. some time.

21. so. very

So' is seldom used as “very: in.a simple sentence. It should have another clause either expressed or understood:

The soup is so hot that I can. not drink.

Peter is not so tall as Paul. The soup is very hot:

tasteful; tasty Tasteful' means

showing good

taste and is used to describe people. who have the ability to appreciate: beauty, style, art, music, etc.

Tasty' means having a pleasant: flavour and is used to describe food..

She is tasteful in dress. This fish is very fast.

23、tight, tightly.

Hold tight* is idiomatic English, while hold tightly is not..

He held her tight in his

arms.

(ii) The adverb tight" is preferred in most cases except when it is placed between an auxiliary verb and a past participle...

The stands were tightly- packed with spectators.

24. too,very

Very simply makes the adjective: or adverb stronger.

Too' means ‘more than enough" or "so much that something else occurs

·as a result*

The sentence He was too tired” is incomplete: froo tired for what?"; Tod tired to go any farther", but the incomplete sentence is some- times used in conversation.

"Why don't you swim?" I'm too tired":

'Someone' should be written as one word.

25. wait, await

Someone is waiting for you.

“Await" takes no preposition but

(1) ‘Awake' means 'wake up' and takes no preposition. When it is used figuratively to mean 'become aware of it takes

He awoke to the realities: of life:::

I awake at seven o'clock every day.

(ii) Wake' means become awake' or rouse somebody from sleep' and it often takes "up".

eg. Please wake me up at six

tomorrow.

Twoke up very late yes terday moming.

27. welcome, welcomed

(i)“Welcome” can be used either

as an adjective ora vérb:

You are welcome, ‘Welcomed’is the past terise and the past participle of the verb "welcome". It is only used to show the action of weicome ing. It cannot be used as an adjective to "describe a person, thing or state.

The guests were welcomed by the host.

(iii) Students' are advised to use welcomed" only when a direct object follows or when the passive is meant.

28.young, youthful

Young' means immature”. Youthful measis (having the favour- able characteristics of young people', such as, vigour; enthusiasm, ̇hapefulness, refreshness " and phy.

sical grace...

He is too young to be a leader... Though turning 60, he has a youthful attitude towards life;

youngster, youth:

A “youngster” is much younger than a “youth', bu

A "youngster' is often used to mean a‘child' whereas a youth? may be used to mean a teenager' or even an "adult".

Ten years ago, I was a youngster of 12.. Now I am, 22: I have become a

youth.

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