1983-12-31 — Page 15

#1815

̇六期星

日一卅月二十年三八九一屦公年二十七國民華中

展發衡均童兒養培

助資予應心中兒幼

在存心中兒幼略忽多士人般一港本

程課教幼一統應府政謂者作工兒幼

乏力限期

的存在 AP 都忽略了本港幼兒中心 員協進會認為一般人 香港幼兒工作從業

【方法更深入民間、愛 「從遊戲中學習」的教育 户中心一百服務宗旨, 各方面均衡發與幼兒 ;舾能,情緒,社交等 的工作,培養兒童智能 心同樣是阻任教育兒童

· 該會指出,幼兒中

推崇。他們雙司國際顧

工作壓力,由一比十四佳理想。水) 有保障。同時,爲減輕| 幼免教育服務可達

·象出現。工作月收入白,而資的質素有一定水準 酬,避免有不公平之現善,可減少人材尖, 府支付,可遠司工筒 以地士氣。以上種種改 而工作員薪金一律由政會如增設副主任一職 ,整定合理薪級制度-一離職等)。提供升機 統一部門園幼工人材、生病、受訓、生產及 民而有經驗之幼兒教育|作員,以應付經常性之 工作是非常低變的;由一人手短缺狀况,如放假 --禸,該會認爲,提供例外 再多一名工 ; 至於工作員質素方一之工作員與兒童人比

̧個兒童被裡旅的知恕爲正確及適當的 他幼兒教育與小學教育得以銜接,而更可保證每

·需要,由政府有關部門編定即程及學習之進度,

課程應視爲當務之急,就兒童身心發殿之特質和

程六級。統「幼兒教育之

味做法; 其敎育服務對 孝 棄視爲一項社會福利的 【府開辦或資助津貼 小教育的一圾,就應由固

心既飛偉教育工作, . 該會表示,幼兒中 乏熟練人才問題之說法 R-BIHARIKE 小事項,提供使多財力物 【期教育視爲最優先辦理 「問團之建議,把兒效早

育教僑華頁三第張四第 日八廿月一十年亥癸夏

隨著社會對推廣國語的關懷,教育署於年

JADERKKER

. 過往,會有不少攔

| 爲此作尚言之過,不

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WAH KIU YAT PO

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佳應反「鐘分一日每話通普費免┘版本 學教科語國行推始開級四小於亦署教

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1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史 (十五)

HISTORY. (15)

to the Japanese

ambition? The Triple f intervention by Russia,

France and Germany. Wha

then were the ambitions of these three powers

themselves? France" and

Pussia demanded rewards.

LA RAYN from China rewards for

Viola Wong Yuk-yue

MILL & DALE - PRESS LTD.

Last time you learnt the various aspects of the Scramble for Concessions (1890-99). Revise it, and then read the following. It shows you how a question on the topic can

be tackled.

In what ways. did tlie foreign powers react to each other's ambitions in China în the period 1895. 18997 Give reasons for China not being partitioned.

(This is a question similar to one that. appeared in the KCEE examination some years agö.)

Scope & requirements

You are not expected to discuss why the Scramble for Concessions took. place, otherwise the question would have read

Why did the foreign powers encroach upon Скіда ............. Similarly, you should not describe what the foreign powers 'scrambled from China, for

the question should have been "What gains did the foreign imperialist. powers acquire from China

in which case one must mention facts such as "leases" "non-alienation ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ agreements", and other economic privileges.

You have to discuss how (or in what ways) a a great power's gains in China. led another power to acquire similar gains. In other words, try to link the gains and ambitions of the foreign powers by explanations - how: these powers reacted to one another. For a g

good answer, emphasis should be put on the reactions rather than the gains, and in analysing the reactions, you must have sufficient knowledge about the policies of the different powers. In short, if you know little about the specificati information on the course of the Scramble for Concessions, don't choose

this question.

As for the reasons why

was.. China

not partitioned, ) you must not trace the events of the Scramble for Concessions like the first part of the question. We will discuss this Inter. To select relevant

Try to tune your memory to the year 1895, start recollecting important facts year by year, and pick up relevant ones as you go along (by dropping Irrelevant ones). In 1895, there was the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which gave Japan large gains. So this was "Japan's ambition in China", what the question itself asks), How did the other powers react.

helping her. Now how did other powers react? You don't need to analyse every power's reaction, but to proceed along like this (year by year and then one great power- after another), you can be sure of collecting the pain, relevant points without serious omission..

Suppose you suddenly" remember how Japan and Russia rivalled each other in Korea from 1895 tó 1898. You might think that you should include this in you answer;: Russo-Japanese rivalry was part of the

"ambitions of the foreign powers", and the period- is within the one asked by the question. But such Russo-Japanese rivalry occurred in Korea, not in China. So it's irrelevant, isn't it? You must not write anything on it even though you are well familiar with it.

Now, what saved China from being partitioned? As you imaginatively go along year by year, you will notice that in 1899- 1900, there was the Open Door policy advocated by the US. This of course saved China from being partitioned, in that the imperialist powers accepted the American proposal. But why? In going into the reasons, one makes a more in-depth analysis (what the marker expects from a bright student

on

Some of the reasons can be found on the part of the foreign powers themselves and some the part of China, The imperialist powers could not agree on partitioning China' did they ever try to partition China? The imperialist powers did not even have the

But

intention of partitioning up China. Why? Unwilling- ness to take up adminis- trative responsibility

on the one hand and grow ing European liberalism on the other. So they adjusted one another's ambitions by peaceful agreements. As for China, on the government's level, the Ch'ing dynasty. succeeded in exploiting the great powers' jealousy and rivalry; on the social level, the Boxer. Uprising frightened some foreigners. Not only do the relevant points become clear, they are related and are thug easy to present in an essay.

Approaches

In presentation, one has to trace the reaction and gains chronologically (discussing the great powers ambitions and reactions year by year). But make sure that your expression is analytical and argumentative rather than plainly descriptive,

especially as regards the. reasons for China's not

being broken up. For the.

first part of the question, for example instead of saying the following::

In 1897, Germany occupied Kiaochow of Shantung. In 1898, Russia took Port Arthur and Dairen of Liaotung (this is a plain narrative of events), one can gay:

* In 1897, Germany: occupied Kiaochow of Shauntung. This led Russia, who was eager to counteract the German influence in North China to take Port Arthu” and Dairen of Liaotung in

1898. These

places were situated opposite to Shantung, aud could therefore balance the German gains there.

This passage is better because the reaction of the power concerned fi.e. Russia)(what is being asked) has been analysed. You have to show the darker that (a) you fully understand what exactly the question requires (b) you have tried to write to meet those requirements.

Conclusions

The conclusion is al bird's eye view of the essay. One can, for example, conclude this. question by saying.. ⠀⠀⠀ "The foreign luperia-,

list powers did not plan to partition China in✨ 1895. Bascially it was only Japan's large gains in the Treaty of Shimonoseki that made the other imperialist powers fearful or jealous. These powers

similare demanded

A chain

effect started in this way. But because

basically no power wanted to or could conquer China,

imperramble for

possessions came to an end by 1901."

If you have not enough tine, however, even the conclusion can be omitted in a question like this.

經濟

(十五)

啓光提供資料

ECONOMICS (15)

I.K. VONG & 1.T. CHAN MILI & DALE PRESS ID

Population

Factors affecting the size of population

There are a number of factors affecting the size of population of a country.

A group of individuals living

a nation makes up a population of the country. A population is always changing, depending on the rate at which its individual members reproduce, die or migrate. In other words, the rate of birth, rate of death, and rate of migration ore the major factors determining the size

of a nation's

population. They are described in details as follows: RT (a)Birth rate: The size

of population is partly determined by the rate of birth of its citizens. A

country with high birth rate increases its population size. However, birth rate is affected by the food supply and the living environment of the place where they are situated. A country having sufficient supply of food, natural

resources, fresh air and clean water, and also with good economic achievement and advanced technical skills usually tends to have a higher birth rate, since tlie environment is favourable enough for the reproduction of human beings. flowever, in some under- developed countries, the birth rates are: bigh mainly because an increasing.

cari

population sise supply more labour”: force for their production activities, as long as they are labour-intensive. (b)Death rate. The death rate of a country, depends on whether it can introduce modern administration improving law and order and eliminating local warfare. Also, the introduction of modern transport,

communication, and distribution reduces

local famines. Furthermore, a country introducing public health measures controlling diseases can reduce the death rate.

(c)Net migration rate: In

each year, there are some persons moving into a country from another country, and also some persons moving out of a country to live in. another country. The former is called immigration, and the latter is known as emigration. The

balance of migration,

the difference between

immigration and

migration, is added to

constant.

11.Effects of population

changes

The rapid growth of population has posed many problems on the world as a whole. They are described as follows:

(a)The problem of food:

An increasing population demands for higher food production. On the other hand, the quality of food and its nutritional value are both important tó a country of rising living standards. Thus there may exist a situation in which food is sufficiently supplied in one part of the world while people are starving elsewhere.

(b)The environment:

Population growth is more or less related -to the deterioration

of environment quality, such as air

water pollution, pletion of natural resources, disposal of waste materials. It. makes

es the solutions of environment problems

more difficult. (c)Social problems: An

increasing population demands for more social services, ranging from education and housing, felical and health, social welfare, to law and order. Besides, the concentration of. people in urban areas. makes urban planning and administration: complex and difficult. (d)Family health: A

family having many children may adversely affect the relation in the family, educational

opportunities provided to the children, and also parental care. In turn, these will

affect the mental

physical and psychological

development of a child. A family of large size usually has unsatisfactory, family relationships and even a deterioration of family life,

附加數

(+1)

the size of population BRE#*#

of the country.

However, the balance

of migration does not affect the total population of the world as a whole. Strict immigration laws prevent people move freely from one country to another.

In this case, the size of population of a country is largely determined by the death rate and birth rate.

To conclude, the size of a country s population is `a combined result of the three rates described above. The size of population can become larger as the birth rate is greater than the death rate, while the migration is held

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS: (15)

S.F. KO

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Differentiation.

Worked examples:

1. Give that

2

2-2y/1+x2-

show dy

d_(y2)-2{{a+x2)*-4-(y)+

y = (1 + x2) | ~_~(x2) -0

2y-((1+x)

dy

(1 + x 2 ) +

2.

(2x)} +2x=0

2y

dy

+xy]

dx

( 1 + x2 ) 2 = 0) (1+x2) (x-(1+x2)*]-

x {y ~ ( 1 − x 2 ) 3]

dx fi+x2 (ans.)

2. Give that

y=tanx√1-cosx, show

that

d) -cosx-

dx

2008 X(1-cos)

Solution:

Let yetanx.(1-cosx)

dy (1-cosx) đi (tanx) +hanxa (1-cosx) -(1-cosx).secx

tan ((1-coax)]

(1-cosx)

tanx

séc

2cosx(1-cosx)

2.

2(1-cosx)+sinxcosi

2

2cos x(1−cosx)_

2(1-cosx)+(1-cos

2cosx(1-cosx)

2cog x(1-c

Exercise 8

(s)

(Ans.

Differentiate the following with respect

to x:

(a)

(b) 1-x

1+x

|(c).

Given that y- prove that

dx

+y)(1+3y)

—ka (xy+x_y)=0

show that

dy ay dx

ar +Zaxy-y

(a)Find the maximum and

mininum values of the

4x-3 expression

(b)Find the equation of

the tangent to the

curve

·4x-3

y:

at the point.

x+1 at which is crosses the y-axis

(a)Find the equations of

to the ellipse

the tangent and normal

2

3:

2

x+3y=28 at the

point (a,

(b) If y=A

73).

+Bx

-n

where A and ♬ are constants, mand n are positive. integers, find the values of and n

such that.

2-12y:

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