頁四第張九第日九初月一十年亥癸歷豆 WAH KIU YAT PO
1984
中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟
(+)
王啓光
明德出版社
工提供資料 陳勵德
ECONOMICS (11)
F.K. DÙNG & LỌT, CHAN
MILL & DALE PRESS. LTD.
Demand
1. The definition of
slemande
The demand for a commodity does int only means the need or the desire for that commodity. If refers to the amount. or quantity of it that people are willingtomiyat various prices. It is the willingness coupled with the ability to buy that commodity at a price.
To distinguish demand from wants and need, demand for a commodity is hacked up by the ability to purchase it. In economic theory, demand always means effective demand.
17 Demand Curve
There is a tendency for a:buyer to buy more of a commodity at a lower price than at a higher price.
Individual demand means the quantity of the commodity demand- ed by an individual.-
Market demand, neaus that the total sum of
demand for a
commodity by all
individuals in the
market.
An individual's
demand for a commodity at different prices
during a given period of tine can be
compiled into a
schedule,
Price of.
orange
(s/per urist)
1.5
0
0.5
0.3 0.2
Quantity
demanded of Mr. A for
OrameSper
rioriti
30
Putting the above fable into a diagram” a downward sloping curve ean he drawn. The curve represents the state of demand. at a carticular time. The vertical axis refers to the price scale and the bori- zontal axis refers to the quantity demanded at as a for oranges, Price
Individuat Demand CurvR
•For Orange
25 30 35
Quantity demanded
OF Mr.A For Orange The demand curve clearly shows that the higher the prices the smaller
quantities would be demanded. It slopes downward and it is" moving from left to right, introducing The law of demand..
The law of demand states that the lower
報日僑
price of
edity, the greater
will he the quantity demanded. In other words, the quantity
demanded by an fuit, dividual or the whole market is inversely proportional to the price of that commodity.
Therefore, the. aggregation of the demand curves of all individuals in the economy is called market demand curve Its shape is likely that
it will also slope downwards from left to rigutian shown in the below diagram. P(Price)
Market demand
kutue
Quantify demanded
for a commodity
FT Changes in dewind
wo change in: demand" is different "with "a change in
quantity demanded"
A change in quantity demanded means the
changes of
the quantity demand- ed in respect of a range of price changes. It is the response to changes in the price of the "commodity and is the MOVEMENT
demand.the.
A change in demand means that a greater amount or smaller. amount of goods and services is demanded without any changes in the rice.
A-change in demand
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台北790- 東京1150大阪1380 韓台1780樓號2000亞庇 1900 倫敦2200澳洲 4100、高雄830 在1830 泰國 1080-
菲律賓1150' 多倫多 2900 法國 2200.
·期星
involves a shift in the demand-curve,
Tf the curve moves. towards the left (Trom
ny to +Dy)
then o
there is an increase. in demand, as shown in FIG.
Price of the commodity
Quantity demanded for a commodity If the curve moves backward from DD to Polo, it is said
that there is an decrease in demand. As shown in FIG.
Price of the commodity
D
Quantity demanded for a commodity.
IM Pantog affecting
change in Market demand,
日二十月二十年三八九一靨公年二十七厮民龊中育教備造
The tastes and prefer- ences of the consumers
It is said that the Insve: and preference of the consumers would affect the purchase of goods and services. Every household is different and even members of the same family have different tastes and preferences
Rilicious, social. and economic factors can affect the cuice
food, clothing.
entertainment, and recreation of the
citizens. Since, there
aay have different
racial groups in
country, the summition" of the inřividual. demand plays a major part in deciding totul demand, for a commodity or service.
Novadays, consumers are mostly affected by the advertising strategies promoted.
firms. They hay
by
be attracted by the fasionable commodities.
mhe: income:of tie
households
Pamily inemme is: one of the mijer factorin determining family's consuration, Those higlier income families will:spend rore an consumption goods, ie real income of the Tanities determine the household pureliusing power. T there is Inflation problem in tlie écolory, the general price level would he increased, Teding to the decrease of purchasi power of the house-
there must be less- quantity demanded,
If there is a conekat increase în the none of the society, an increase in demand will he caused.
The necessity of comiods ty
If the goods are necessities and they are demanded by everyone in the society, tire charge in derand will be reduced io a certain extenti
Tor examples, fond ind drinkare necessities in.our Life, gone
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goods, such as tobacco
and alcohol, are habit-forming.
4, The prices of other
54
Tf the gooils are closely substitute for que aether, the price of the Coʻmodify, would: he seriously. affected by the decrease in prices.or
substitution gonds.
are not substitute to each other, the demand for a commodity would he affected because there are many 2 jessible altomatives of satisfaction avail ahle.to the consumers. The size of the population of the Country
FTP the country is densely populated and the jingwlation.3g.
increasiur, many people are going to be
·fed and clohen感的 result, there are greater demand of the food, drink, elatiets and housing in the society, and tue demand for necessity goods will continue to increase,
The distribution income Camond - the. population of the
ove Fritert
If government tr to use the tax syst to eliminate the g between the riet and the poor, greater equality would be “achieved.
Taxes ruy be imposed.
10.:
fure the derand
commdity, For
examjle, excise duties have often been
imposed on imported good su
Los reduce
the denied for them.
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