1983-11-20 — Page 10

專家經過調查研究顯示

江人世界

在各類工業意外中

以手部受傷爲最多

日十二月一十年三八九一曆公年二十七國民華中育教人工

種六

器機

易最

致引

外意

【;而其中又以五金,塑膠、製衣、建築、飲食等五個行業,最容易發生較嚴重之手部仍難。 -全賴季的活活動排放和。一旦趾缺了的手,就只是局部地影响,後果也是非常難堪的。 遍。最容易受者的各行業工人,包括在、建築、飲食、五金、紡織、續妹、塑膠、超轍及造船等 「龍形式,包括櫃位、傷、淙傷、刺傷、媽傷及撞傷等;其中又以壓傷、割傷、媽傷及刺傷爲最會 。據他們的一前調查研究顯示出,百分之四十九的工業意外,是屬於手部損傷。引至手部份的各 香港中文大學蟻形外科及廁低學系的梁棄中軟授指出:在各類工業意外中,以手部受傷爲最多

·手是人微不可缺少的重要系份,扫當者各種不同的功能,人的分門别組,五花八門的工作,也 梁中教授又指出,简分析了一些引致

包括壓傷割傷鋸傷刺傷燒傷及撞傷等 五金塑膠製衣建築飲食工人最易傷手 要預防傷害創造工作安全條件

手傷

作為意外之機器,發現下列的機器最容易發生傷 雖無傷手的工人大部份不需要住院留醫 手的意外,壓縮製模機、縫衣機、切割機、

14

報日僑華

日期星

73

WAH KIU YAT PO

頁二第張三第日六十月十年亥癸屣夏

「用的一項研究,逆示了以下各種原因所佔的比率: ,但百份之十二的貼畫要留醫二至二百多日不等。 手傷雖說可能他意外,但根擦傷者自己的分析,意外原因還是可以找出來的5.被梁秉中教授

M

祂意外

***

***K

/

【缺少安全設備

ESAYHRAL

百份之四

VISNU

百份之十三、四、

百份之十二、三

百份之三、六

工作太繁重:

工作選嘅太羞其他:

百份之一

百份之二、五

百份之二、九·

害,創选工作安全的條件是釭記解決問題的方法 C - 正如梁求中敎授指出:無論醫學怎樣進步,總不能滿地補償傷殘了的手之嚴重拟失?預防傷

方面,意外的起因又往往與工人的工作環境的囥業緊密地聯繫着。大家又縠能忽稅預防的重要性 手村人短工作珽然那些重要,工伤與乎的關係又如此密切,嚴重地影响着工人的福利,而另一

你 想找尋

作嶋の

勞工處介紹職業

保衛副隊長: 之職業介紹服務,現有部份急聘空缺如下: SANHDAXEDE UKETISHE

·跑馬地。男性,中五程度,五年保安經驗, 群者不台,須輪班,三年合約,月底五二

(請按址往勞工處登記)

.保衛隊長.

跑馬地。男性,中五程度,十年保安經驗, 綠印者不魚,須輪值,合約,月九五五,四號地下

·酒樓見習侍應生

2-140OK-59-

五•操流利海及簡單英語,外貌端正,九小時

...太古城中區及旺角。男女均可,十八至1

·訓練技工

,年十八至廿三歲,港島區居民焉合,月薪一八

· 南丫島,犀洲,大嶼山。扒性,英中五程度

TOOR:

電子工程師

僳流行普通活,月薪而議。 一油陡地。男性,年盖不限,持電子工程高級 文憑,須有兩年工作經驗,有電腦硬件知識,能

品質檢定工程師

臨時搬運員工 腦零件工作經驗,月薪三〇〇〇元。 生產及工業工程或機械工程系畢業,須有兩年電 黄竹坑。男女均可,年齡不限,大學或大

地下

冷氣技工

十號地下 (三)香港柴灣博邨漁安樓三十九號至三十

OR 工作經驗,九小時輪值,月薪3〇二〇 尖沙咀。男性,年四十五歲以上,具有關之

電話:五——二〇

□ 香港黃竹坑邨福利大厦地下

八五九龍站 地廟街二百六十至二百六十

..。此外,甄聘請職員之僱主,亦歡迎到 該組任 何一辦事西聯絡,其地址及電話如下:.

es DNDOD

片,學歷及其他有關證件,到該組就近辦事處營 請職位之人士,請於辦公時間內換同本人身份證

·除上述空嵴外,該組尚有其他空缺,有意中

HTOLO:

129-41PONIK

八二2香港北角電器道二百六十號華大

[]香港柢尼詩道四號先施保險大厦地

電話:三——四二四五 (九) 九龍宮塘同仁街政府会署三

一十)九龍新蒲崗埌萭街七號此宮戲院大厦

·電話:三———七五三六九

(八)九龍紅磡船塢街一百二十五號地下 KKUHO'

CE 龙 深水埗大埔道二百三十四號地下

電話:三——九三六一七五, 六六)九龍旺角花磴街一百八十五號地下

KH

三十七至四十號, ・八十一)九龍慈雲山慈樂邨定樂樓一至四及

(十五)新界沙田千牛顿厚和樓商場四樓

@#0-KKHIKO..

(十四)新界大埔廣福道五十二號地下

2-0 STROO

(十三)新界屯門德政圍三十一號地下

2010THE

六十二、新界荃灣大河道六十七至六十九號

電話:三——二〇一九四

·港、九各區。男性,年卅五歲以下,英中三

二至十二月廿四日。日薪八十元。.. 程度,由十一月廿一至十二月廿四日或十二月十,合四二五——四二八室

40-KOBEIK

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷 史

丸)

again in Balkan affairs. Germany made war on both Russia and France on the calculation that as

allies both of them would make war on her sooner or later. The war grew out

of mutual distrust, fear,

明德出版社胡應亮 提供資料 eagerness for prestige:

HISTORY (N

PHILIP Y.L. Woo

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

The two world wars

1914-18, the

(one other

-în 1939-45) made the 20th century very much different from previous centuries. It was more than a differ- ence in technology and civilization. In the olden days, only dynasties or empires fought against one another. They

Used

professional armies, and

the common people had little to do with the wars, except that they suffered from them. These professional armies mot on a certain battlefield, and the battle would last for days before either. side retreated, One interesting feature was that in winter times all wara were stopped. It was a kind of gentleman's agreement that all

countries kept, and

failure to keep it would damage a country's

A

reputation

In the

world wars, however, practically every city or village was turned into a battlefield, Whereas in the past only professional soldiers tried to kill one another, now one people tried to kill another

world people in the two wars. Previously common people were killed only accidentally (as indeed the main purpose of an army was to beat the enemy army rather than to waste time and efforts killing common people but in the two world wars common people were intentionally slaughtered by massive bombings. It

was the common people who (because of the system of military conscription) had to take up weapons against each other.

But the background of the First World War was different from that

of the Second World War. In the First World War, no great power deliberately wanted war or provoked one, Germany supported Austria to bully Serbia for fear of losing an ally(as Austria was Germany, s only reliable ally at that time). Russia mobilized her. armed forces against both Germany and Austriá for fear of losing face

and miscalculation, but

no power wanted a world

war. If they, had known

the bloody results of the

war, they would not have taken measures that led

the end.

to it in the

Not go with the Second World War. This time the picture was more simple We have Germany under Nazist rule on the one hand (and Italy under Fascist rule). On the other hand, we have. powers like Britainy France, the USA and ̈ Soviet Russia, With the excuse that Germany had been humiliated in the Versailles Settlement

that

at settled the First World War) of 1919, fitler conquered

Fast Europe în fa

second

part of the 1930s again and again. First Germany

on Austria (1938), marched then on Czechoslovakia

and finally on (1938): Poland (1939). The excuse used by Hitler was that! there were Germans living in these countries, and that Germany had the responsibility to protect them. The other powers just watched and protest- ed in words, not acts. So Hitler thought he could go on like that forever. Gambling on the unwillingness of the other powers to act to stop him, he thought he could swallow one country after another. However, when German troops marched on Poland the other powers were awakened. Poland contained very few Germans, and this time. Hitler could not use the excuse of uniting all Germans into

one

nation: So war was on. It was more simple than the First World War in that this time one side (Germany) committed undoubted aggressions and the other side tolerated until they could no longer do so.

In the following, we

are going to look at the background of the Second World War (1939–1945) Perhaps many of the topics between the two world wars (1919–1939) you have already learnt. But it is one thing to know about these topics (like the rise if Nazism in fermany) and. another thing to be able to relate them to the outbreak of the war. itself.

BACKGROUND OF THE

SECOND WOPED MAR

1. Defeats of the First World Var settlement

Many of the problems facing Europe were! still unsolved after the First World War, such as:

Germany felt that she was unjustly treated by the Versailles peace conference of 1919. Vhen Hitler claimed to revive

German power, many Germans listened to him, expecting that he could undo the

of 1919

humiliating

The traditional balance of power between the great

poweră was destroyed, but a

internatio- Jew al order that. guaranteed peace was absent. The fall of the Austrian Empire.. in East Europe was followed by the rise of small, independeut. but weak states. They could be easily conquered by aggressors, especially when Soviet Russia

(which replaced the fullen Tsarist government of pre- 1917) did not

cooperate with the Western powers like France in checking aggressors like Germany.

Before the First World War EuropeanS were often optimistic about their culture. After 1919, because of the harmful effects of the First World War, they became pessimistic about international peace and, above all, feared the coming

of

another equally

destructive war people in France and Britain wanted

Many

prevent war at all

to

cost. Dictators like

Hitler and Mussolini.

kuew this well, and made good use of the fear to commit aggressions.

d. Economies were

disrupted by the First World War. This led up to, in part at least, the Great Depression of 1929-30, The Great Depression had two important effects:

Tt led to the rise of itler in Germany

li.Its harmful effects preoccupied Western powers like France' and Britain and made them more and more unable to

take positive steps to check aggressions,

From 1919 to 1929, Europe slowly recovered from the

First

Jur. But

World the peace was actually unreal, as later events were to sliow From 1930 to 1939, Europe gradually stepped into war. After the Great Depression, the Kestern powers

(Britain, the FS, France) became concerned about their. interests onİSE

rather than cooperat ing with each other to safeguard peace.

Fascist Italy and Nazist Germany made used of the opportunity to Erpand Diež r territories

The italian war. against Abyssinia in 1955.

The German. annexation of Austria in 1938. 1.The German threat

to fzechoslovakim in 1938-59.

The Gernau turest to Poland in 1939. At first, Britain and France tolerated the aggressions. One of the reasons was that many people felt the Versailles treaty. with Germany to be. really unjust. The Vestern

powers hoped to satisfy Germany with gains so that peace could be

maintained. Historians. call this

appeasement", which means trying to please dictators.

In the end, in 1939: it became clear that further appeasement. was useless. Thu

Thus war broke out between. Germany and powers like Britain and

France, This marked

the outbreak of the

Second Verld War.

經濟

-提供資料

明德出版社 王啓光

陳勵德R

ECONOMICS (9)

E.K, WONG & L.T CHAN MILL & DALE PRESS LTD LOCATION OF INDUSTRY

Factors Affecting. Location of Industry

There are many factors that affect the location of an industry, However, many of these factors. are economic in nature and have a bearing on ̈cost of production.

Thus, the fundamental" principle underlying location of industry is the cost of production i.e., the production of community tends to be located where it can be carried on at the lowest unit costs of production. The following are some of the important factors affecting location of industry (a)Land is an important

influencing factor on location especially

for industries which need more space and in a place like long Kong where land value is high. Thus, amply supply of land at reasonable value is crucial to a particular industry. concerned. e.g. shipbuilding in Hong

Kong

(b)Every industry needs

a certain amount of labour for its production, The quality and behaviour of labour are both important to many industries nowadays. Hence, there should be a sufficient supply of adequately skilled labour at reasonable cost "available (c)Availability of raw

materials also

affects the location This especially true in cases where raw materials are heavy or bulky and

therefore expensive to transport. In such cases, proximity to raw materials can be: a dominant factor an location of industry. (d)The supply

concessions of power and water are also important in determining the Location of an industry.

{{e}Accessibility to

markets is crucial for an industry and the impact of this factor depends upon the nature of the product and the availability of suitable means of transport. Nearness to markets is important for bulky products while easy access to ports is vital for industries which export a large proportion of their output. (f)Climatic condition is

a determining algo a factor for certain industries since some products are not suitable to be produced under certain types of climate. (g)A critical factor

affecting location of industry is the existence of external economies of scale in an ares, since a lot of advantages can be realized in such a location: (h)Finally, the

government has great influences over the location of an industry and its

impacts are indeed increasing nowadays. Localisation of, Industries Advantages of localisation of industry

When an industry is concentrated in one area

the following advantages can be accrued (a)If an industry is

highly concentrated in an area, it becomes possible for individual firms to specialise in single processes or in particular varieties of a commodity. This division of labour will increase output,

and lower the cost of production. (b)Localisation in an arca enables the development of a reservoir of skilled labour force in that particular area. New firms will be attracted to the location because a of suitable supply of skilled labour is available and economies of scale will further be enhanced.

(c)when an industry

highly concentrated subsidiary and ancillary industries will grow to meet

the needs of the major industry. (d)Furthermore, the community may benefited because the existence of an organised industry arid market e.g.. various goods and services may be available in fairly adequate quantities.

Disadvantage of localisation of industry

However, there are also disadvantages for localisation of industry. and they are: (a)If an area is

dependent on a single basic industry, there will be the risk of structural unemploy— ment resulting from change in demand. If a highly localised industry declines, mass unemployment in that

area may result even though the rest of the country is enjoying fy)); employment.

(b)Extreme localisation

will; bring about mạný social problems

lack

as overcrowding, of open spaces”. traffic, congestion etc.

(c)As mentioned before, localisation may bring about external economies of scale and lover the cost production. However, extreme localisation may mean keen competition for available land, labour etc, and this. will bid up the prices of there factors. Thus, highei instead of lower. costs of production way then be resulted,

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