1983-11-14 — Page 24

WAH KIU YAT PO

rivolto at Munich J

the:

頁四第張六第 日十初月十年亥癸夏

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史

明德出版社胡應亮 提供資料|

HISTONY (8)

PHTEIP Y.L. MOO

MILL & DALE. PRESS LTD.

Last time we discussed about the origin and weaknesses of the Weimar Republic, that is, Germany,1918–193)。 In 1935 Hitler rose to power and started to build a dictatorship, putting an end to the Weimar Republic, There were many reügons for the failure of the Republic and the

rise of Hitler. One of them was concerned with the weaknesses of the Republic (which we discussed last time.) 1. Early career of Hitler (a)In 1921, itler

became leader of the Nazi Party. The Party. was "based at Munich-

of Germany: filter began to establish party branches in. other places,

(b)In 1923, the Nazi Party, attempted a

鍾安娜琳莉一

was known as

Beer allutsch"

(a putsch is a

revolt.) Its failure

resulted in Hitler

being arrested and,

sentenced to 5 years

imprisonment, but he

was released after 9 months R

(c)Knowing that it was

difficult to overthrow the Weimar Republic by armed force, Hitler tried the other method.

winning more 、 followers (ie, Nazis) aid. power in legal ways. However, the Nazis never hesistated to use violence as an illegal method against enemy parties. Before 1925, Hitler depended on the Socialists for j support. After that, he allied with the Terman People's Party. an extreme rightist organization.

fein 1925, Hitler

wrote the Mein Kampf Struggle) In it he outlined his programme for obtaining power and making Germany

strong again::

Union or all.

Germans in central and FEast Europe to

報日僑

form a greater

Germany, including fermaus in

Austria, the Sudenteuland (in' Czechoslovakia),

Abolition of the Versailles Treaty. for example, the end of reparations, the return of the former Heiman colonies, and rearmanent. Anti-Semitism, that is, anti- Jewish measures.

anti-Corumunism,

elensrau [living space. East Europe, conquering countries there and:colonizing them for the Gernan people to settle in.

of

The rise. to power. Hitler, 1930-1933 (a)The Great Depression

09:1929-30 hit Germany baddy, Unemployment grew rapidly. The cnalition government fell from power, and President Hindenburg began using his

special powers (that enabled him to

appoint a cabinet without the

-期星 parliament support in times of: emergency).le

appointed Bruning as Chancel Tor, even though Bruning did not enjoy support the Heichstag (parliament).

ThMany

日四十月一十年三八九一公年二十七國民董中育教僑華

y German people kost:confidence in moderate parties and began to vote for extremist parties. (ive, the: Nazi Party and the Communist Party). By mid-1932, the Nazis became the largest party in the Reichstag, obtaining 56% of all the votes. It was followed by the Social Democrats aid Communists. c)Papen was appointed.

Chancellor (follow- ing Brúning) in May 1952, Like Bruning, he could not get support from the Reichstag and had to depend on the President's emergency powers, for: staying as Chancellor. (d)As the political

situation grew worse fi.e. moderate. parties failed to find support among

voters for forming a

government), President Hindenburg and other people thought.of

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using. Hifleris

popularity to form a government while

still retaining real power from behind the

(e)itle was appointed

Chancellor in January 1935.. Papen became Vice-Cliancellor.

fightists like Papen and a few military: Teaders thought that they could tame Hitler and

I control hime like a puppet. Mit soon. Hilter got rid of

them all and created a dictatorship.

3. Reasons for the

success of Hitler- (a)The serious weaknesses of the Veimar Republic were the first reason. (They were discussed in detail last time.) (b)Serious economic

probleus increased the popularity of.the Nazis. More and more Germans lost confidence in the: ability of moderate: parties in overcoming these economic problems. The Nazis obtained many votes。 (c)Hitler promised a

glorious and strong Germany for patriotic Germans. As it was nated last time, the roots of democracy were shallow in

bermany. Many Germans were willing to give

up democracy (is

Germany's enemies

were democracies, for example, Britain and. France, and welcomed a dictatorship if the dictatorship could make Germany strong. again.).

(d)Hitler had personal

qualities that

appealed to many

Germans. He could

speeches. And

:he skilfully make 1se'

of propaganda to: influence people.

一、 People with:

(e) Lentet partie failed

to unite against Hitler and prevent him from obtaining power.

The USSR forbade German communists to ally with the snelalists to defend against the Nazist. (f)Rightists like Papen understimated Hitler They thought they could make use of him to gain support. However, itler made use of them instead, for indeed it was the rightists who invited Hitler to become (Chancellor, in early

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