1983-11-13 — Page 10

頁二第張三第日九初月十年亥癸夏

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

經濟及公共事務 八 明德出版社弄昏龙提供資料

-陳勵德

ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC

AFFAIRS (8)

K.K. WONG & L.T. CHAN.

心

MTLL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Money and Banking

Central banks and

commercial banks-

their functions and

facilities.

I. The functions of central bank.

A central bank is the bank of a government. It is set up by the goverument and is non-profit- making. Usually, central bank is the

nationalized institution which works with the

government to carry out the monetary policy and to promote the economic develope ment of the country. Its functions can be summarized as follows: 1. To isgue legal 'tender

Currencies,

including banknotes and cains, are issued by the central banki under the supervision- of the government, Since the amount of circulating currencies can influence the purchasing power of the economy, govern- ment is; responsible: for adjusting the amount of legal tender issued by the central bank.

In a complex monetary economys money serves.as dynamic role in addition to being a medium of exchange. Government may regulate the level of money and liquidity in the economy so as to

achieve some desired policy objectives such as the control of inflation, the growth

in the.Gross National

Product and the

WAH KIU YAT PO 報日僑華

improvement of balance.

of

a payments...

to be the banks of government::

Government revenue are usually stored in. the central bank and

the public expenditure and payments are done through them. A central bank usually keeps the accounts of the government departments.

to be the advisor of government on

financial and monetary policies

The central bank acts as the advisor of government in all the. matters about monetary and,banking policies. The central bank may have an effective management team giving relevant information and suggestions to government so as to solve any economic problems and to help. the economic development. to keep tim

cash

reserves of private- banks.

It is a Law that all the private banking institutions must deposit a part of their cash reserves in the central bank Accordingly; the central bank: centralizes the cash reserves to protect: the

(security and control the liquidity of the whole banking.. system..

Whenever there is necessary for the private banks to borrow some money, the central bank will back: them up by lending them cash funds. If there is any financial crisis occurred in a private bank, the central bank in responsible for supporting it as far as possible in order that national economic stability can be maintained"

to be a bank of

central clearance,

settlement, and transfer

The central bank is the bankers, bank. It provides the

facilities of. clearance of cheques and the transfer of funds among banks. It is the place for the. banks to clear their cheques received from their customers and drawn upon other banks. Tn such a casey mutual indebtedness among the. member bauks may be cancelled and the amount owned to any banks would be calculated.

to supervise the operations "of private banka

A central bank takes. the

responsi. bility to help the government to carry, out the banking law息 and to see and direct the work done by private banks.

to carry out monetary policy

The central bank controls the note issue, accepts deposits from and makes Ioans to the

commercia and.

money market:

a way that it

the main tools

o monetary P

such

of

in the

country. For instances, inflation can be

tackled by the

monetary authority through control of the quantity of money which is circulating.

In addition, the Government. can change the reserve ratio of the private banks of change the discount:: rate and the rate of interest by adjusting the banking ordinances. so as to achieve the goals of monetary policy.

to keep gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves of the country

In order to maintain. the stability of the external value of the national currency system, the central bank keeps the gold:

reserves and

foreign

外

每日期星

exchange reserves

undertake the open

to

market operation by daw of exchange: control

日三十月一十年三八九一圈公年二十七國民華中

to offer facilities to customers as a commercial bank does : The central bank: also provides general banking services to the customers such as acceptance of deposits, loans and advances,: remittance and other": services.

II.the functions and..

facilities provided in commercial banks

Acommercial bank is a profit-making firm operated by urivate individuals. It is established for the purpose of seeking profits by way of offering various banking laws and ordinances are set up to.regulate the working

of all commercial banks.

The commercial hanks operate branches and directly deal with individual customers. They are operated under. | the supervision of

government.or central bank and play an active economic role. |Their functions can

be summarized as follows

to keep money for customers

Commercial banks provide the

that saving peces

fixed deposits and demand deposits are. |accepted. Different:

rates of interest are applied to various deposits together wita the different ways of withdrawing money.

to lend money.to customers

Loans and advances. are granted to commerce and industry in order to earn the reward of interest on one hand, and promote the industrial and commercial developme on the other. The loans and advances. include short-term,

Cand

d long-term loans,

advances, overdrafts and discounted bills of exchange. The Government plays the supervisory role to |regulate all deposit |taking institutions.

3. to create bank credit

Either a central Thank for a commercial

bank can bring about an increase of equal amount in bank: deposits. In other words, when a baak makes an advance to

customer, whether by overdraft or loan account, the result is an increase in total | purchasing power.

the

For example, if a borrower has onlya

small balance to the credit of his account and he obtains'an: overdraft of $500. He can draw a cheque for this account and pay. it to the creditor. If the creditor deposits it into his own account creditors account will have increased by $500. In this case, the borrower's account can only show a debit for this account. In the combined banks' balance sheet, advances and deposits will both have" increased by $500. there is any monetary discrepancy; the central bank should! have the power to 密 control the expansion of bank credit..

to offer the service of remittance

If

Remittance means that

Remittance me ans. that the money i transferred from one place to another" Imagine that you want to send HK$100 to your friend living in United States, you can ask for the help. of the Remittance Department in any commercial bank.

First of all, the Outward Remittance Department would calculate how many US dollars your 100NK dollars will buy on

the foreign

exchange

育教僑華

market by referring: to the day's exchange rate. If the rate is HK$5 for US$1, your IK$100 will buy US$20. Therefore the bankdraft for US$20. Next, you can use a mail transfer. That is to say the bank sends an airmail instruction to its branch in United States to authorize the branch. to pay your friend the sum of the money. If it is very urgent. for you to send the amount of money, you can make use of the telegraph transfer although it would be more expensive. to offer import and export facilities

Commercial banks offer a special. service called documentary credit to help the promotion of business. It is the gurantee: given by a bank that its customer will pay for a

shipment of goods if the correct documenta are supplied as evidence that the shipment has been made.

Furthermore, the credit line is the service provided to allow a company to receive goods before |paying for them.

to provide other miscellaneous services. to the customers. aich a合

a)keeping valuables

for customers; b)providing business

information and guidance; c)offering monthly

instalment payment 1.0ans;

d)helping clients in taxation problems; e)acting as the under-

writters for new catockay.

·fjacting as the

executors of will on behalf of their clients;

g)issuing of credit

cards;

h)providing auto-pay

facilities;

i)selling gift'

cheques.

擴 ゚

擴大規模歡迎中小幼教師參加

教師會晉入金禧年

教

育

统導。梧级幼 常裏轉 師主晳我、強導

香八明主者七寶家教 大千

心珍理: 珍微變√忠機實 劉防健,人中 中、輝爾學、川况 小伯主 海船樺 陳:國鄺。點前來。。學署理 龄服赏 冠奥瘩 唐美主的 敕子主主 韓* 火

·務出 夫筋道 香頹理轉 有飛理講 導周;

王,會「張:。「臭: 麻·若李泵 中驾程主 學季李教

·家庭客開鈞 國華白講 前卓汝育學 馮張的,順庸 衛、民者 敎、雄署 北陳成 劉,理 選吳、 : 有際,香

·銘浪因 東王事的月函教、新過張嶼、蘇

,琴與 澳則長 欣華而有觀興 我。防。來,其、、薯念 勝主治:、、李 與王薛署與周、強數。

经理:黃汝·寫杏藥理 本國峴、科紅

宜辦 樂間於

,法委旅平

週末舉行教研大會 投身工業生產 是一明智選擇

;宋大推,正芳東,會宏,周國粹? 士。主理人:郭沂,馮新我,戈天銘,林廣榔 徒教師之使命,主講者:嶺南學院校長陳佐舜博

適合中,小幼各級學校教師交流切磋,並探錄如 奥密編訂,與本港當前教育+社合有關,且分别 者,專家作專題演講,引導研討,各組主題俱經。 業優良獎金,證成後,分八組專題研討,雞職學 民梁文館我院,藏社會問周修已頒發會員子女學 設茶點招待,二時半大會開始,敦請教官署署 八一)教育哲學|教會學校的特色與基餐

十九日(星期六),時間:下午一時半起報到,

·任郭鼐光!李兆練、主理人:陳一東,蘇宗得

. 位制度的一般問題,主講者:教育署高級教育主

(二)教育政策——香港現行中四及小一派

·張絕業,龔度榮,陳國明。方培湖,陳伯闳,鄺一吳森;梁媒驚

大舉行。地黏假座九龍培正中學,日期十一月 香港教師會露各院校會員、老師而盘铧之敎 學研究週年大會,該會以本年爲金融年,特决定,伍少梅女士頒發伍少梅獎學金與得獎學生 伍少梅工業學校第七屆畢業禮,圍爲裝

請專家分八組主講遍及政策課程與教學 教育署副署長主禮致詞周修仁頒獎學金

梁特官授校

.葵盛伍少梅工業學」獲升讀中四的約百分之一啊,你對我 陳英麟議員在伍少梅工校畢業禮稱 指出工業是本港賴以繁榮主要命脉

一枚,日昨下午五時,在一九十八,會考及格率約

校。起校除特

起中

一成公極護

商主非業該 枕

牌位 授守 遇視日

教务 轺致禮少港璠典堂 欄梁熱餐 連械開和 外 示伍心降 商力陳牴 由G 及县 禮罪

梁和議迎校女致練。不 梁少。年

昏蔺 長士 剖英 對鼓·伍成 試面的 對士獎爲勵 少歲 在, 林頭 詞麟 立七

兩部試蛙,

校方勵·更 女

中,作同辦學該後 海外 敎林健獎,抗法菌

活中的菜 英由良友報長有

努衮 好同 潭告,行 先法校力承 的學 互谮 中動 長告 個 生局長爲慈友小打一學組,英和 同既 致非 致社幼翠心 互所學之引校 學要詞宜詞我鲍中交助指生一本移

“守先作患低发仙中意教跸

指諜 壅出高 勵,向學 見

出員,貢精上以,生

慮

讚: 前選 投受 傑的之 該在材故相探身了議考

,所學良校勉的工厂,工五 由成能好沿勵培業 蓝 学年 英

院就在,備间餐的榮工生工認

英、謝最完學至

·業後 遊後業

和知

(三)課程發宾——小學科學科教學新趨勢一科之輔導教學實況。主講者:教育署督學鍾肇新一校初中成技師核試中考,活的热播。在作出抉擇、花及紀念品、一 (四)中學輔導——中學中國語文科、英文年公開就方面,該中學以後,必須面臨生女士頒獎,學生代

。主講者:教育署督學陳煜源。主理人:梁

*李大中、招頸恩、伍國泮、梁頌球、黄戊免

人包括三點...

冷酷醜惡

...

深刻得多、中街得多 從情感和良知出發又

·聲明,還是行內人的 意見,當然比筆者种

會就掷麗娟事件發表 社會工作者總工

·聲明總括來說一

▲務和援助,遒種態度是不當的。 他們的良知,才使我們的社會不致那麼理 方式,包括捐歇和通過傳播媒介齟資表現 ‧ 若恥。幸而熱心的社會人士,紛紛以不同的 ''薇者認爲爆麗娟事件的發生,是香港的

挽者的生活所需 八 引起社會人上注意之後,才「假意」提供服 社工裱工会对尖銳地指出,社署在事件 三、處理事件純從法律觀念粹手,未能 自立,甚至打擊他們企圖自立的意頤;. · :二、公共援助金制度不但不鼓勵受助人 善導當事人採取其他方法解火問骸。

...一、公共援助金額過低,不足以應付受一

「來開往繼」

會社港香設建考思

X

工具都擠滿人龍,北行公路亦甚擁塞。

優之聲不絕於耳,與中大平日寧靜平和的氣氛,產生強烈對比。 一走進中大校門,已看到校团掛滿展晚指南的標語,一陣陣的人潮自外面湧入,來實扶老幼,歡笑吗 三年一度的中文大學開放日,昨日起一兩天在中大校園區開,由於適強賽馬日,前往沙田方向的交通

,

一部份活動是一九七沖激遊戲」,值得參與思考。 開放日主題節目是「繼往開來」,旨在反省,探索中大使命,思考建設香港社會,貢献中華民族。其中

甚多元化,有各式各類活動,包括:腰鷺、幻燈放映,映帶播放等。 昨日大朗氣清,正是舉辦活動的好日子,校園內之大道,陳設形形式式的展覽及攤位遊戲。開放日節目

開香 義熱在此上,李無損傷。之後,校長嘉實分別發台致詞,對案情緒始得沒和。

現在的我們。 ̇處魔幻世劇,意念園及發光。匯演之目的在於邀請觀衆反省和祧戰過去自己的生活,再讓未來的魚己挑戰 另一項名爲「多項媒介匯演]. 是中大同學在文化演出方面一個嶄新的嘗試。內容包括:關樂、現代舞

,一頭由國術針舞弄的獅,每人平中穿出,可能兩位舞獅者心情緊張,前脚踢到後脚,一位舞獅者4. 開幕典疆原定下午二時正舉行,但過了十五分後仍未有動靜,觀衆記者開始不耐煩之際,突然鑼鼓濟縣

,線而雙雙步往餐廳,人與人間的偶遇,可說是緣份,是命運。 黄昏的時侯,遊人漸稀少,草坪上蹲坐著一雙雙沐浴愛河的少年男女,迎著微風,件著落日,中大校 一些只有在小說中描寫的情景亦於會場上出現,兩位不認識的男女因輕微碰拉,由邀尬而互相交换姓名

一解說同學不知如何是好。 |賁實同学解释鼻咽癌病癥是鼻塞、耳嶋及頭痛,一些神經過敏的區衆面色突變,頻銳懷疑自己患病,令在場 其中一個由中大醫學院,介紹鼻咽癌的專題展覽,指出和歐美各國比較,香港和廣東有顯著的發病率,

他們可能成爲中大一份子,雖怪他們對這些百般關心。 .. 不少穿上校服的中學生,由師長帶領入場,他們最喜愛參觀校內設備,實驗室及图占館等;有朝一日,

的意外收覆了。 .. 援助制度,能夠有所改善,那就是令人高興: 到强大的社會良心壓力。說不定會促使公共 道件可视某些情感厅木的有關官員,學、

提高數學教師教學水準

敎署本月底舉辦

·學教師舉辦多個 中心穎爲初中 裒學處數學教學

呈現一片谠優氣筑,羨煞旁人。(水),

「演匯介媒」

來未戰挑去過省反

,或有意提高其事業知識之教師,頗有帮助。 參加之教師除聽講外,更可在對論時交換意見。此進修班對教學經驗否夜 容爲校內成績評梭,包括測驗、考試、藍圖、評卷密考、多項選擇題等。

數學教師進修班

分八組學員只須參加其中一組 月及八四年一月 「參加者不能作爲一種專業資歷 內舉行,主要内

本年十一、十二

班將於

教學進糍班。進

.學教學中心。 日(星期六)。組一七、八四年一月廿一日(星期六)組(八) 四年一月廿八日(星期六)。時間由上午九時半至中午十二時。地點爲數 號李鄭屋官立小學五樓四十五、四十六案。組(六)、八三年十二月十七 二)。時間由下午二時十五分至四時四十五分。地點在九龍東京街四十三 )、八四年一月十二日(星期四)(五)、八四年一月十七日八鎘

·十二月五日八星期一)。組(三)、八四年一月六日(星期五)。組(四 及地點如下:組(一)八年十一月卅日(星期三)。組(二)八三年 進修班(二)共分八組,學員只須參加其中一組。各組之日期、時間

「督學聯絡。《永)

歷,由於場地所限,每組只接受最先報名之二三十位教師參加。 進椹班全部用粤語進行。參加者毋須繳費,但亦不能作爲一種專業資

如有任何詢,可致電五——八三九二四七九,與數學教學中心高级

加拿大溫哥華 艾爾華預科書院

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COLLEGE

1880 Renfrey Street, Vancouver

British Columbia, Canada V6M 3H9

▶本校爲加拿大BC省政府資助中學,校內一切

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踴代: 雖 ,晚發五校 喪服 寄日老 鋰嶚該·學

且會到 :交會

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