1983-09-26 — Page 30

頁二第張八第

日十二月八年亥癸歷夏

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

中國歷史

明德出版社 黄妙妍提供資料

前

木門按照一九八四年中學會考中國歷史課程 (甲組)大棚,選取重點縮寫,上起商代,下滔 南北朝(公元前一七六六年至公元五八九年)。 (一)商代:

*海之建國:

《甲

商湯建國經過

1商的始祖名契,爲弈司徒

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史

明德出版社胡應亮 提供資料

HISTORY: (1)

Philip YI. Woo

MILL & DALL PRESS MTD,

The examination that

you are going to sit for consists of two papers: one with a hundred or so multiple-choice questions, and the other with 8 questions (of which you have to choose 2 only to write 2 essays on). You have 14 hours for the multipe-choice paper, and 13 hours for the other paper. That means for each of the two

essays you have to write, you have a about 45 minutes.

The two papers are covered by the following two most popular sections of the syllabus:EN

Section A East Asia

1870-1952

Section B Europe

1870-1960

There is the last

section on American.

it wo

history, but few students take it, and it won't be dealt with in this revision

Many a

column.

student

complains that history is difficult to study: all the dates, names and facts to recite. This is untrue. The truth is that only causes/effects/ factors/ significance in other words, the links between the facts are important. This means history is basically only a form of story-telling. We want to know, when listening to a story, what will happen next, and why, and how. This is what we look for in history. Just as when listening to a story: ' we won't recite the names. of the figures in it and particulars about them. in the study of history we won't pay special. attention to the mass of facts other than when

facts occur agai again. Then important facts those that occur again and again, names like Bismarck, Sun Yat-sen, Versailles Settlement all enter your memory rather automatically. You need not recite them. The subject history will be no problem if your approach to it is proper. The following guidelines may be of use to you in. building up that proper approach;

You should not choose a few topica from either or both of the two sections for studying in preparing for the multiple- choice paper. The hundred of so multiple →ennace quez, Lums

cover the two sectious rather evenly, and their difficulty is often graded too (i.e some questions are a bit more difficult while others are straight-forward)

A general understand- ing of the two sect-

日六廿月九年三八九一屦公年二十七國民華中育教僑華

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑

一期星

•

.

舒野輔助,一躍而(二)商之衰亡: 馬東方之強。

(P)MMACIN:

金與兵藏武,不他民命,以致!

3對兵倒戈,紂王逗走朝歌,自

'焚而死,商亡 >

(三)代政治特色:

(甲)工位傳弟:

N

2拒納凍唱,逐衆貼,院炸

個逃迴己,荒滾政事,逸樂為

OINATELLA

IRINA RARE 大戰黑能,不減。放樂 Tille

OFMAQINAGRE, MADEO - VIWA · 2

我与待國,國史上第一二 次 革命 (Z)NZKAMIONZIN M =

3夏雖無道,民心想戀一

2曲粉得安祖伊升销佐,行

*仁政,國力大盛。

3西湯得搭你擁殻。

湯先察除您的許多屬國,

然後全力一舉诚,戰響

ions (basic facts,

QNAME.. YOGUR· MAE

民,慘酡翊道。

5眾叛親離,兵士倒戈相向。 (乙)商紂滅亡經過 皇

1海鲜店,百姓怨恨,諸侯酷 心,周的屬福閣族,在姬昌識 緻下,力行仁政,日海强大。 2)姬昌死,子姬發與八百諸侯會

翊於孟津,與對軍大戰於牧野!

there were 5 great powers.

general causes/effects, in Europe. (Note that in

etc.) is needed.

2. For the convent-

ional paper, you must. choose one question

from either of the two sections (each section" containing 4

questions). So never

concentrate on one.

section and ignore the other.

• Pay more attention to the links or ties. between basic facts, rather than just memorizing the basic facts themselves These links and ties refer to causes, effects, significance, factors for sucess failure, etc. A

conventional question usually consists of

two parts: one. requiring students to give a plain

tion (basic

and the other requiring a more analytical and argumentative skills

(causes/effects/signi- ficance). So be prepar -ed to deal with the

blond part,

Try to write essay: on some past-exani questions, and time yourself and limit each essay to 45 minutes. The purpose is to train oneself ir actually writing out the basic facts and points that one has memorized. This may not be an easy thing. to do. You may know something in detail, or you may have a lot of ideas, but to express all this in written form requires

good language power which only training

can provide. There's of course no need to write an essay when

one has not even mastered the basic facts and points. But don't neglect this sort of training.

It's better to spend, say, half an hour on revising history notes every day or every other day than to spend

3 hours a time every. week. It is worst to do spending 30 hours non-stop before the coming of an examination. There are too many details to study, and it is impossible to cramp them all in your mind in a few weeks. The best thing to do is to

read your notes

refereTooks

or

every now and then. Then basic facts and points will enter your memory autogatically and unconsciously.

In this revision column, Europe will be dealt with first. Some- times points will be given with explanations. Sometimes a model essay will be givén, but don't

ever recite it because there is little chance for it re-appearing again in an examination

TUE PIPERLAT POLODS IN

FUROPE:

In 1871 im Lurope,

referring to a great:

power or just a country,

we use "she" or "her" and not "it", though "it" is. acceptable. A great power 13 a strong country.) 1. Britain'

ller main interest was commercial, as

she had many colonies and other imperialist

interests. Therefore Britain's main aim was general peace in Europe. The worst thing to Britoin · was that Europe was controlled by a strong power. This happened in the early 19th century, when Napoleon

much of conquered: Europe. The "Balance of Power" must not be upset, otherwise Britain's commercial interests might be badly affected.

France

Her industrializat- ion was not as good

Britain or

Germany. Many French people feared that French power was on/

the decline. After defeat by Prussia (Germany later) in 1870-71, France wanted to take revenge but knew her weakness compared with Germany. To. find compensation for this loss of face, France was active in colonization overseas, though this did not bring in much benefit for France. This led France to have many conflicts with

Britain, the

traditional colonia)

giant. We shall see

that only in the

late 19th and early

20th centuries (that 19,

the early 1900s did France and Britain compromised in joint defence against Germany. By then Germany had. become very aggressive in foreign policy,

Germany

After 1871 Germany

become a strong, unified country. Her

industrialization was very rapid.. Later she tried to obtain colonies and build a strong navy Britain became very alarmed. We have discussed that. France and Britain patched up their quarrels in the early 1900s so as to defend themselves against Germany. Later, Russia joined France and Britain.

Austria

She was defeated by Prussia (later Germany) in 1866. After 1871, Austria knew that she could never challenge. Germany again. She often followed Germany in foreign affairs. In the 19th century, the power of Austria was.on

王位繼承,是兄終弟及,無弟 然後儛子。

(乙)多次都;

̇白豆湯十四世,凡八遜,以 後又六遷,翻庚退,才告安定

。先其原因,大抵場::

1佳河為患,還都以接。

(3)商初遊牧民族,未脫行國性 質;後漸事稻放盤菜,一地之 地力耗竭即行退徙 =

(丙)封建初基:

3商王是四方諸侯北主,統理國

2列键。有方、伯、侯、子、男

the decline. There were different races and peoples in the Austrian Empire. They tried to break away from the Empire to form independent countries. of their' own. So Austria was very conservative she opposed independence movements. Tn the Balkans, Austria. struggled with Russia for power.

5. Russia

She

was the most economically. backward among all European powers. She was the most

conservative too. The Tsar (emperor in Russia) had absolute power. In foreign: policy, Russia tried to extend her influence into the. Mediterranean Sea through the Balkans. So Austria and Russia always ran into conflicts. Britain feared that her commercial interest might be badly affected by Russia's southward

expansion through the Balkans. So Britain sometimes acted with Austria

to stop Russia. Jater, however, "Austria and Germany were allied to each other. So Europe other was divided into

two camps (or groups): Britain, France and Russia on the one hand,

one Germany and

rand

Austria on the other. Italy was the amallest of the se

powers, and she

wavered between

these two camps.

經濟

ECONOMICS (1)

K.K. Wong & L.T. Chan

MILL & DALE PRESS. LTD.

Basic Concepts.

1. Wants

People have many wants, ranging from

the primary wants arising from the biological require- ments such as the need for food and drink, to the second- ary wants created and determined 1 by culture such as the desires to watch movie, listen to music, study at university, etc.

Since resources. available for each individual are limited, he or she cannot have all his or her wants satisfied,

but only some of them. Therefore, for each individual there is hierarchy of wants. Wants which, are basic and important will be

ven the first priority and wil1 satisfied first. 2. Utility

be

By utility is meant the level of satisfaction which a person obtains when consuming a certain commodity. The. measurement of utility

,因之分,以無為姓,姓是共 號,代表同族;氏是分辆,代 ZAZO

3諸笑對共主有出征、貢納、

邊、服役義務

(四)商之社會與文化概况:

(甲)間之社會概况:...

1社會結構:王在統治階 中地 位於病,以下符各級貸族被 統治階曆丽作「象馋」、「兆 民」、「衆」此外,戴奴風

盛:

2農業,已很發達,用火燒林墾 關荒地,知利用牛耕,藤兵日 ̇燈進步,有我,在作物有榮、

黍黍、稍

3無機音敬:鎵者有馬、牛、羊 、雞、犬、莎等,捕魚政玁也

4工業:釀酒、養豐、龜帛、作

is subjectiv and varies from person person, as well as from commodity to commodity. Different people may obtain different utility when consuming the same commodity.

As a person increases the consumption of a certain commodity by one unit, the extra level of satisfaction he obtains is called

Marginal Utility. Marginal Utility tends to diminish as

one increases the amount of the consumption of a certain commodity. successively. This is called The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility.

5. Wealth

Wealth can be: defined as stock goods existing at particular time. Wealth possesses utility and money value. It is limited in supply and capable of being transferred. Wealth-can be of an

individual, a society an organisation, a nation, or the world.

Economic and free goods

at

Goods are defined as those which yield satisfaction to the consumers who use them, They can be classified as free goods and economic goods.

Free goods are unlimited in supply e.g. air, sunshine They do not bear. prices because consumers can get... them for use as many as they need.

Economic goods are limited in supply. They bear prices because they are demanded by consumers but cannot be supplied with unlimited,

quantities, e.g. car pen, house, book, etc. Scarcity and Choice

People's wants are

but resources.. many, for making goods and. services are limited in supply. Resources are scarce in the sence that everyone. wants cannot be

satisfied fully or forever, even when all resources have been well utilised to produce goods and services. Therefore, it is natural that people's innumerable wants are constrained by limited supply of natural resources in. the world. Scarcity! arises when everyone. tries to maximise his total level of satisfaction derived. from

the consumption. of certain commodities and services.

As scarcity arises, people must make a choice since they cannot have all their wants satisfied fully.

They have to sacrifice some of their wants in order to meet other needs. Choice is therefore very important for every individual as long as scarcity of resources,

exists.

宮密、作冊單、製陶器、製青 容器、玉器、网器等,製作精 巧。冶懷、錯造技術很進步

5商業:有拖車等交通工具,

業領繁盛,以貝、王作為交易

>商之文化概况:

1宗教:股人尙鬼,國家大事大 都取决於下期。他們對祖先特 別辚起,相信祖先可决定他們 的命運。

2文字:甲骨文是商人向鬼神與

下的卜辭,爲中國迄今為止所 發現最古文字,字數達兩三千

3歷法:歲為一起,採用于 支刻日,分春、夏、秋、冬四

Opportunity cost

Since scarcity of

resources exists and

people must make choice in arranging resources in different lines of production, the production of certain commodities implios the sacrifice. of other commodities that could be produced: by the same resources.

By the opportunity cost of production is meant the alternative uses of factors of production which are necessarily sacrificed by using those resources in a particular way.

• For example, a person with a certain amount of money can buy a new car or a new boat. If he buys

the car, the

opportunity cost of his action would be

the boat.

附加數

明德出版社高樹方提供資料

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

(1)

S.F. Ko

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Exercise 1; Indices and

Logarithm

examples:

25+4(5)=12

Solution:

(52)*+4(5.52)-125-0

(5)2+20(5)

+20y-125=0 (3+25)(y-5)=0

y=5 (y=-25,

neglected

2. Given that

21

5=0

(Ans.)

log a prove

that abc. Solution: loga+lag a=

21ogalog a

bog

loga “log_b

loga

(changing the base] lb to e

log a log blog as

21oga.log a

1+log_b=210g a

10g c+log b=10ga

og blog

Exercise 1

1. Solve for x:

3-*+2(3*)=15

(Ans.)

2. Solve for y (a) logy+log(y+3)=1

2.

(b) (1081)-1081gy=6

5. Solve for x:

10% zx-1=10g9 4,- Without using tables

that

Tog 15-210g5=1

5. Prove that

*10g2

log blog.log 01

a

and hence deduce the value of

10g532.log47.10849125

Page 30Page 31

1984

中學會考試題預習專欄

數學

r--12r+30

1-87 -8.333

明德出版社 盧雄國提供資料

MATHEMATIes (2)

Ans: The radius of the

circle is 8.333cm

HK LO

5. Let the required:

straight, line be

Since if passes. through (3,4)

· · · ( 4 ) = -3 ( 3 ) + b

-17-0

(Ans.)