真四第張七第日二月二年癸歷夏
三期星
對自由入口貿易 摩洛哥暫時禁止 去年入超一千多億元
.摩洛籍政府宮貝們表示,洛哥未推行外
華僑經濟
概才可入口。 入口將需要受到優先外匯管制以及要沿商業部投 資本與消费品均可自由入口,但在新例下,此類
·過去,往銀行手續後,非摩洛哥製造的主要
他並沒有就此决定进評。
日六十月三年三八九一公年二十七國民華中
配日擬閩
售本在省
向,饵審須算預政財新國英
外事辦股内國在記登理辦國中
石家百五超商
育教濟經
·去年的貿易赤字創歷年來高紀錄,達一千三十一 ,據計劃部的統計組所公佈數字顯示,摩洛哥
家外匯嶲已下降至一個很低的水平。
·商業界領導人士認爲,實施此項措施是因國
億九千四百萬迪拉姆。
日本機構合作配售,最後細節仍在商討中。
·酗家稅收,明日發表之財政預算方案料須偏向 大發行債券將與野村證券公司,東京銀行等三家,
忸,刺激經濟解法相信有限,不能放手而爲, 借券,籌月五十億日圓資金:公司主人稀,此 ;(三)福建省投資企業公司計劃在日本配售
升第二位,凌鹰工黨之上。由於油價下映,影響 一民意支持,中間路綫社會民主自由聯合陣矮的
國里五辦理登記手执在國内 守黨仍獲得百分四十 國內民意湖驗顯示保
百 設立辦事處外商超過 預算法案公佈前夕,
利益獲得法律保障。 辦理登記可確保合 (1)REEX
政性理過負責人稱,
·華社引述國家工商行 十個國家及地區。新
國 超磁道:(一)新 (特訊綜合外
債券 向外
·華都酒店修繕工程
分期進行裏外一新
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑華
華都酒店最近投下,顧客的要求不断地提商 - 莖:都酒店最近投資港
|的酒店進行一項大規達 的修穟工程,由於香港
腦系糰。這電腦系統除 了能使酒店內各部門的
· 第二期工程將盘在"
| 及裝修工程包括另外四
[倫敦]英國
限制,至七月中截止。 一動衫和棉布所作的進口
會分期進行。
亦會進行裝修,但盘了 過的時刻,道行二館將
·使客人能照常過潮
此外,所有的胸間
随着科技的進步和不得超過八十中,
進口的土國運蚴衫不得 日至七月十五日期間, 越過三十六萬件,棉布
該部稱,在三月十
-園示:在一九八四年將會面貌全新的炸都酒店
1983
中學會考試題預習專欄
地理
(廿六)
明德出版社李險業 提供資料
Geography (26)
Y.Y. Lee
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
51. Both Hong Kong and
Japan are important manufacturing
countries in Asia. Compare and contrast the
for the
reasona rise of manufacturing industries in these
two countries.
Suggested Answer:
Hong Kong and Japan are now important industrial countries in Asia, Both of them experienced rapid industrial growth in the last 25 years. A compari- son and contrast of the advantages and disadvan- tages the two countries POSSESS can be made as follow:
Advantages:
1. Historical factors
In Hong Kong',
industrial development was a totally new phase of economy emerged in the city since 1949. The turn- was chiefly benefited"
in
by the political changes in the surrounding areas. Before 1949, the --- economy of Hong Kong mainly relied on entrepot trade, which, goods from and to China composed the largest sector, But the changes in China -herself and the
embargo en trade with China imposed by the Western countries during the Korean War had led to a dramatic decrease in the import-export trade with China. It was becoming obvious that the colony could no longer rely on
entrepot trade and had to develop a new type of productive activity to support the growing population. The
solution turned out to be industrialization.
The case in Japan ia quite a different one. Although rapid.
industrial growth is also a post-war phenomenon, the country had already laid the basis for industrialization before the Second World War. This
historical kertage which meant also accumulation of technical experience, of course promised the country a good start in industrialization. Yet the wars in Korea and Indo-China have also helped a lot. because the USA. government bought cheaper amriunition
and other requirement from Japan.
Supply of power resources
Both Hong Kong and Japan are relatively poor in the supply of
power resources for industrial development. In Hong Kong, no coal or petroleum is found,
and there is no swift-
flowing and large
river to produce
H.E.P. Fortunately,
the problem can be easily alleviated by
its being a route. focus in the world. Adequate coal, petroleum and natural gas are supplied by ocean transport.
In Japan, the stock of energy resources is also in a large measure meagre. Among the three common forms of power resources, H.E.P. is the most promining. For coal the reserves are limited and are mostly poor in quality. Petroleum supplies are
insufficient to meet the increasing demand, Thus, Japan has to rely considerably on the importation of power resources from other countries, especially oil from Middle East.
3. Supply of raw.
materiala..
Similar to the supply of power resources, Hong Kong produces scarecely any significant quantity of raw materials for industry, However, contributed by her good harbour and wel1– equipped facilities for distant oceanic transport, importation rav materials from Mainland China a
Cas well as other countries is easy.
Japan is also seriously short of industrial raw materials, but this does not cause great difficulty in her industrial, development too. As it is not far from other Asiatic countries which are always good raw material suppliers, rav materials can be. easily obtained, e.g. rubber and tin from "Malaysia
cotton from India and Pakistan. Transportation system
The Victoria Harbour is perhaps the greatest physical endowment of Hong Kong. It is an excellent natural harbour; the water is deep, it is well-sheltered on all
sides, with small tidal range and is Well facilitated. Such a good harbour, together with the up-to-date container. cargo service; ita situation in the world main routen; ita freedom from import. duties on most goods and its efficient marine police, all have helped a lot in alleviating many of the problems. They. render of easy importa- tion of raw materials and exportation of finished products... Internal transport is, also covenient. Linking up the industrial sectors on both sides of the harbour, ferry boata
in regular
are
services. For land transport, main roads, flyovera, tunnels are constructed,
Transportation in
Japan is excellent too. Despite the hilly. nature of the country. roada are constructed along the coast to link up the industrial regions. Her cheap oceanic transport also facilitates the import of raw materials and power and the export of manufactured goods. Supply of labour
The early industrial development of Hong Kong was 'favoured' by the spectacular influx of refugees from Mainland China. The dense population provides sufficient labour, both skilful and unskilful.
In Japan, people are mostly concentrated in great cities such as Tokyo, Osake and Nagoya, The large. population of these cities also provide large reservoir of labour to work in the factories. Besides,
due to the early start of industrialization, the labour force in Japan is quite skilful and is wellknown for imitation.
. Capital
Capital is
sufficient in Hong Kong for the develop- ment of industry. It is partly due to the large amount of capital which was carried down from China by the immigrants, Besides the political stability of Hong Kong; its relatively low income and profit taxes and its cheap and abundant labour also attract a lot of foreign capital to flow into the colongy.
Capital is abundant in Japan, too. The successful birth control in the country has glowered the population growth rate and reduce family size, thus a large portion of household income can be reserved as savings and is encouraged to invest in the industrial: sector. Financial aid from the United States, has been a drive of the post-war industrial growth of Japan too. Moreover, large amount ofte foreign capital is. also obtained as attracted by her cheap and skilful labour. 7. Market
The dense population in Hong Kong forms a very good local market. For the external market, Hong Kong goods are generally welcome by other countries and are popular because of top-class quality and competitive prices. In spite of the quotas set up by the UK, and USA ete., Hong Kong still finds large external markets in other countries, such as those in South American, Africa,
Middle East and SE
Asia. Besides, being
a member of the
British Commonwealth, Hong Kong enjoys British Commonwealth Preference
Large market is also available in Japan, both internally externally. Her dense population with high consumption power forms good internal market. The developing countries in Asia form favourable foreign markets for the Japanese manufactured s goods easily find large markets in North America and other countries as well Encouragement and efforts of the Governments
At the same time... government of both the two countries have done much in encourag← ing manufacturing. In Hong Kong, lands were allocated for the development of industrial satellite towns, the water supply systems was improved, and the government also participates in the various trade fairs to introduce the goods of Hong Kong to other countries.
In Japan, vast amount of surplus in the national income has been ploughed back in the development of public utilities, such 88. in the construction of highways and railways, harbour facilities and water supply projects, which have, in turn, induced development of private enterprises in great strides.
Disadvantages:
However, there are also unfavourable factora Dat which the two countries have to face, The moat important ones are:
1.- länited Industrial
Land Supply
Both Hong Kong and Japan suffer from..... limited industrial land supply because of their billy nature.. In Hong Kong in order to solve the problem, the government has been trying her best to provide new land, mainly by levelling the hills and reclamation. Similär
·works are done in Japan to0.
2, Shortage of Raw
Materials and Power Resources
Although the shortage of raw materials for industrial growth can be offset by the convenience in trans- portation as discussed before, however, this. cannot cut the problem to the root, Too much dependency on other countries is. nevertheless not secure at all, such as the present energy crisis certainly given a heavy blow upon their development.
52. The large scale
development of
industry in China
largely dates from the communist period beginning in 1949, Many new industrial regions are developed under the recent industrial policy of China, However, Urumchi, the western province of Sinkiang began its industry în the late 50's.
of
a. Give an account
the drawbacks which hintered the development of Urumchi before late 50's.. List the favour- able actors of the recent industrial developmelit
Suggested Answer:
Handicaps in the past
The industrial growth in Urumchi, the capital of the far western province of
Sinklang, is a :relatively recent
phenomenon. Its industrial development before the late 50m was hindered by some physical drawbacks as listed below:
1. Urumchi, being
situated in Sinkiàng, is remote from China Proper. Before the war, railways those western provinces were not well constructed. Communication was inconvenient in those
days.
Its climate and relief does not favour development, too. The region consists of high mountain ranges and deep intermontane basins and experiences an arid climates.
Factors encouraging the Post-war industrial Growth
Urumchi is now an industrial centre in the northwestern part of China as favoured by the following conditions; Political and Strategic Importance
The industrial development o
of Urunchi was chiefly carried out for political and
strategic reasons. Situating near the atomic testing ground near the atomic testing ground near Lop Nor,,it is of a location of strategic importance.
gap
2. Commanding Position of
Important Routes a
Urumchi, being a town in Tien Shan, controls the Tarim and Dzungarian Basins, Improvement in the transportation with other parts of Chine is more decisive. With the construction of Kangu-Sinkiang Railway, Urunchi is now easily accessible. Besides, are also constructed to facilitate
roads
the trans-. port of materiale and products.
3. Sufficient Power-
Supply
R
Petroleum
Oil is exploited at Karamai. Kucha and
Akau, and is piped to the refinery at Urumchi. Thermal electricity is supplied.
b. H.E.P.
Power is also supplied from a nearby .E.P. station on the Urumchi River to the south.
Abundant Raw Materials Agricultural Products Agricultural products can be obtained from the irrigated land ́in the oases
on the southern and northern alopes of Tien Shan, such as those at Turfan and Rani, encourage industrial development.
Industrial crops such as fruits and cereals. for processing and cotton for textiles are important.
Softwood timber Softwood timber is produced from the coniferous forests on the surrounding high mountains for pulp and paper and other timber based. Pastoral Products The basins are also rich in pastoral products which help to develop meat processing Tudustry, woollen textiles and leather goods
manufacturing.
011
The rish oil reserve there supplies crude oil for refinery and its by-products for various types of. chemical industry, Iron and coal Iron and coal are supplied from the mines in the neigh-
bourhood areas, such as nighgraded iron ore near Urumchi and from a nearby city – Hami. Iron and steel plants and agricultural
machinery factories are thus set up. 5. Reliable Water Supply
Since 1949, reservoirs have been constructed on the mountain slopes to improve irrigation,
the Leap Forward. Reservoir on the northern slope of Tien Shan not far from Urumchi. Adequate Labour Supply
There has been a considerable influx of young and energetic Chinese to this region-from... China Proper since migration was enforced. They can endure the extreme climatic conditions there..
7. Encouragement and
Efforts of Government Under a series of five years plans, works are done in the region, such as the building of roads and railways and the intensive exploration for new resources.
They all have helped a lot in its industrial development,
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