1982-09-23 — Page 27

*** 頁三第張七第日七初月八年戌壬夏

Mercury thermometer

Mercury in stem

-Buib

1983

中學會考試題預習專欄

地理

明德出版社李險業 提供資料

GEOGRAPHY (1)

YY LEE

MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

series of exercises is to

help you to get a much

better result in the

type

Geography Paper of the School Certificate. Examination. Two essay

questions are each time, with suggestive model answers. They aim at supplying supplemen- tary information as well as providing revision fo you. To acquire the optimum benefit, student are advised to think of the points carefully by themselves first before reading the model answe The questions are so carefully set that they covering almost every item of the syllabus, only give you ample information, but also help you evaluate your ability to observe accurately, interpret systematically and present your ideas logically.

Revisional Questions:

If you were given the task of setting a school weather stat ion to measure: air temperatures, relativ humidity and rainfall amounts, what would you buy? "How would you set them out? Dráv vê -labelled diagram to

illustrate your

an ave:

Suggested Answers: 1.a. Air temperatures

To measure air temperature, the following instrument

- should be bought:

1) An ordinary mercur

thermometer to measure current ai temperature or the temperature at a particular time. Maximum thermomete: to measure marimtem temp.. 3)Minimum thermomete:

to measure minY I'M UMA temp

DIAGRAMS TO SHOW THE

THREE TYPES OF

THERMOMETERS

1983

中學會考試題預習專欄

英文

(-) 立基出版社劉浩濂提供資料

ENGLISH [1]

Stephen Lau

(Foundation Press)

Dear Students,

This year I again take up this column and I'm glad to meet you all here.

This is our first discussion and I'd like to begin with some simple things, My plan this year is to discuss cach written paper in the HKCEE English Language (syllabus B). The approach I adopt will be a little different from last year's. The reason is that there were a number of changes in the Certificate Papers recently. These changes will be- dealt with later

discus

Maximum thermometer with constriction

•Constriction Mercury

Break in mercung thread..

WAH KIU YẠI

A WET-BULB AND DRY-BULB

AMOMETER

Day-bill thermometer

Wat-bulb thermometer

Water

Muslin

Mercury

Maximum thermometer with metal index Mercury

-Max 7": Metal-index

Minimum thermometer Alcohol

Min Metul index

Procedure of Setting Up of

should be instrumenta housed horizontally in a Stevenson Screen. 2) This is done since

shaded temperaturea are required.

3) The Stevenson Screen

is a wooden box whose roof is double boarded with an air space between so that the heating effect of the gun can be minimized. The louvred sides allow the air to move. freely so that the air inside the screen has the same

characteristics as the air outside.

5) The screen is painted

white to improve insolation.

6) The screen is mounted

on a stand to avoid heat reflection from the ground from influencing the thermometers directly. It should be

positioned in the most open and exposed place with its door opening to the north to prevent the sun from shining into the

screen whilst readings are being taken..

8) The readings should be recorded daily at a fixed time,

preferrable in the morning. After henke recording, the maximum thermomete should be

reset by using a magnet (for the one with a metal index) or by shaking vigorously (for that with a constriction) and the minimum thermometer

should be reset by tilting it gently. b. Relative humidity

To measure relative humidity, a wet-bulb and dry-bulb thermo- meter should be bought.

the chances are

- probably

eg. If you don't buy your ticket now, the chances are you will not be able to buy one later.

There's no denying (the fact) that

It cannot be denied that body will deny that

No-

eg. There's no denying that Rela-

tivity is a difficult topic.

There's no room for doubt that ............ -It cannot be doubted that..... /There

is no doubt that.....

eg. There's no room for doubt that

Einstein is a great scientist.

It goes without saying that

Let's begin this year's discussion go with a list of some commonly used phrases which are often misused or All-understood by fifth-formers.

fall but

nearly/almost

eg. His speech is all but finished.

all the better

much better

eg. After it was painted pink, the

mom looked all the better.

anything but

not in the least/in no degree or res- pect far from being to the e.g. He is unhappy. He is anything

but happy.

It is understood without actually. being stated that". It is obvious

that

eg. It goes without saying that doctors are to deal with their patients with sympathy and loving care, regardless of their nationality, religion, party poli- ties, or social status.

a long way towards.

make a great contribution towards eg. The presidential candidate's speech went a long way towards defining his platform and assur- ing his supporters.

go too far =go beyond reasonable limits

eg. You talk loudly in class. That's

going too far.

by itself

(8) automatically, OR (b) alone eg. That washing machine works by

itself.

The Viking I was left by itself in the orbit of Mars.

Procedure of Setting Up 1) It should be housed in

the Stevenson Screen, too.

2) The bulb of the wet- bulb thermometer, should be kept moist all the time by cover- ing it with muslin which dips into a container of water. The difference between the two readings is an indicator of the humidity of the air:

if there is no difference - the air

is saturated if the difference is Large

humidity is low

if the difference is. small

- humidity is high The actual value of relative humidity is. obtained by checking the reading from a book of tables.

Amounts of Rainfall To measure the amount of rainfall, a rain gauge "is

necessary.

A RAIN GAUGE

Fannel

Copper cylinder

Glass battle

Ouder copper case

Procedure of Setting Up

In setting up the rain gauge, the following: points must be noted: 1) It must.

put on

level 1 ground:

2) It must be placed in an exposed position, far away from any. objects which might affect the amount of rainfall collected. if the buildings and trees are present, gauge must be positioned away from them at a distance" of- at least twice the height of these objects.

the

3) It must be sunk in the

ground to prevent it from being blown or knocked over.

in itself

|

considered singly/in its own nature/ in the absolute sense eg. Playing snooker is no sin in it-

self; only when it is coupled with wild gambling does it become harmful.

an open question

= a question with no answer or con-

clusion

eg. Whether the universe has a boun dary remains an open question to scientists

other things being equal.

if conditions are identical except the one concerned and

e.g. Other things being equal, John will prove to be a big rival to Tom, but John has just broken his leg and Tom is in excellent condition.

let alone

not to mention/to say nothing of · eg. He carries a heavy school-bag to

school, let alone a bottle of water and a lunch box.

shed/throw (a new) light on something clarify something/provide new formation

in-

e.g. The results of his research throw

(a) new light on the field of microbiology.

by all means

(a) certainly, OR (b) at any cost/ without fail

My

e.g. Would you stay here and have

a chat with me? - By all means. He'll rid himself of bad habits by all means.

for one thing

one the reasons is that

The top of the funnel must be 30.8cm (12")

above ground-level, to prevent rain nearby splashing into the jar

Below are diagrams showing information of rainfall in liong Kong. With the aid of diagram, account for the seasonal and geographical distributions of

. rainfall in Hong Kong.

Fig. I

RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION OF HONG KONG

Over 2500mm 2000-2250mm

1760-2000mm

below 1750mm

ig. II

EMPERATURES & RAINFALL F HONG KONG

Temp. C

400

300

100

100

JFMANJJASONG Suggested Answers; The Seasonal Distribution of Rain- fall in Hong Kong-

· From the Climatic graph, we can see that the rainfall in Hong. Kong, with an annual total of about 200- 2500mm, does not distribute evenly, About 80% of the rain occurs in the summer months from May to Sept. A monthly total of over 250mm in the summer rainy season is not uncommon. While in winter, it is

relatively dry.

B

low

The summer maximum of rainfall in Hong Kong can partly be explained by the influence of monsoons. Hong Kong lies in the Asian monsoonal wind belt. In summer, pressure belt is formed over Mongolia, while a high pressure belt is found over the sea. As a result, the wind blow inland from the sea. They are therefore moist and

eg. After the examination, arrange your supplementary sheets, if any, in the order required for collection.

if anything

if there is any difference/it is even possible that.

e.g. If anything, the manager is more

temperamental than ever.

It's all one

It's all the same/It makes no dif- ference

eg. It's all one to Peter whether or

......not he can enter university.

It cannot be overemphasized that .../ It cannot be too strongly emphasized that....

I emphasize very strongly (because it is very important, etc.) that

(It carries the sense that no matter how strongly I emphasize something, my emphasis will not be excessive or undue.)

e.g. It cannot be overemphasized that candidates should read carefully the instructions printed on the front page of an examination paper before they answer the questions.

by no means.

not at all/in no way

e.g. His essays are by no means well

written.

none but

only

eg. The university admits none but

the best.

There can be no objection to

Everyone must admit

e.g. There can be no objection to his

四期

日三廿月九年二八九

they bring heavy rain are formed. Being

to Hong Kong. In

winter, the winds blowjected to mugh the

offshore because the low pressure over. Mongolia is by now. replaced a high ́ pressure system. Thus the winds that influence Hong Kong are quite dry (Fig. Fig. A

THE SUMMER MONSOON OF -ASIA

INTENSE

•HORSE LAT

HIGH

Besides the

DOLORUMS

.Loud

monsoons, the seasonal distribution of

rainfall in Hong Kong is also greatly

affected by typhoons. The typhoons, which attack Hong Kong mostly from May to Sept, are always. accompanied by torrential rain

B.).

Fig. B

MAIN TYPHOON TRACKS. IN THE WEST PACIFIC OCEAN

The Geographical

Distribution of Rainfall in Hong Kong

Fig. 1 is the annual rainfall map of Hong Kong, The map shows that the areas with maximum rainfall (over 2200mm) coincide with highland areas, e.g. Tai Mo Shan region and Lantao Shan region. The areas with the lowest amount of rainfall (below 1800mm lies on the west, eg. the northwest lowland around Deep Bay, the southwest of Lantao Island and the Taing Yi Island. Such a geographic distribution indicates an orographic effect. This ig because, as mentioned above, most of the rain in Hong Kong is brought by onshore monsoons which blow mainly in an easterly direction from the sea. As the moisture. laden winds meet the mountains, they will be forced to rise. They are then cooled, condensation thus occurs and clouds ·

qualifications; he got his Ph.D. several years ago.

eg. The girl cannot be elected chair- man. For one thing, she is illiterate..

if any

If there is/are any at all (and perhaps no/none)

out of the question

impossible/unthinkable/not to be

considered

eg. As we have no money, going to the cinema is out of the ques-

tion:

come into question

discussed

e.g. If the rumour that tax will be increased comes into question, he will leave the country.

so to speak

figuratively speaking/as one might

say/as it were

eg. The shopkeeper is, so to speak,

a shark.

to speak of

worth mentioning

same process. as those in the rising air currents as heated, water droplets fall down at last. Thus the mountain regions, especially the east- facing slopes in Hong Kong, have more rain because of this. orographic effect. By the time the winds reach the lowlying western part, they are-depleted of moisture. As they decent the leeward slopes, they are warmed by compression consequently, there is little rain and these areas are referred to as rain shadow areas (Fig. D).

summer

Most of the tropical cyclones are formed to the E. of Philippine

Furthermore the high

temperatures in Hong Kong (with an average around 27°c) are likely to induce rainfall too. When the land surfaces are overheated. strong vertical air currents set up. As the air ascenda, its temperature is reduced until condensation takes place and clouds are formed. The water droplets in the clouds will become bigger with further ascent, which means further cooling. In time the water droplets in clouds become too big and heavy to be saturated, rain begins to fall. This type of rain is known as convectional rainfall. Hong Kong, being situated in the tropical latitudes, the convectional rainfall is especially characteristic in summer (Fig. C).

FORMATION OF ROHYESTI

RAIN

THE FORMATION DE BRNGRAPHIC (ref)

Suffice it to say that.

I'll con It suffices to say that tend (satisfy) myself by saying that

e.g. Suffice it to say that Hong Kong

enjoys political stability,

From my point of view/viewpoint

In my view/To my mind/In my opinion

eg. In my view, Joseph is a very

Intelligent boy.

in view of

on account of/in consideration of e.g. In view of the present oil crisis,

we should economize on light. and fuel.

́vith a view to with the view of ...

(a) with the expectation or hope of, OR (b) with the aim or intention of eg. He does a lot of physical exer- cise with a view to bettering his health.

may well

|≈ (a) could suitably, OR (b) is likely

e.g. It may well be sunny tomorrow.

You may well take a rest at this time.

Note:

In the above list, the slanted stroke "/" (between two words or phrases) is used to indicate alternatives, while the equal- eg. Hong Kong has no hydro-electricity sign "-", to denote the meaning of

the expression or phrase in question. power to speak of.

not to speak of

needless to say

c.g. He cannot write even a decent sentence, not to speak of essays,