1982-02-11 — Page 29

華僑日報 All

育敎僑華頁一第張八第日八十月正年戌壬夏

1982

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史

(十七):

明德出版社湖應亮提供資料

HISTORY (17)

Philip Y.L. Woo

Mill & Dale Press Ltd.

The following is a

summary of the settlement of the First World War. (1914-1918). As far as the First World War is concerned, the syllabus. stresses its causes and consequences. Of course, the consequences include abstract and long-term: things which can be analysed in military, political, economicjo social and other terms. But because it was the Versailles Settlement.or

1419表in,the uain put an end to the First World War, then Settlement

itself should be regarded as part of the

consequences. In revising this part of the

syllabus, it's advisable.

to consult a European

nap from time to time as

you will come across

many geographical terms:

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通厠

在親問冰

∵快力格案 水箱加水壓 工機門撑

程工修裝

Peace Settlement of the First World War

BACKGROUND-

1. Need for signing peace

treaties with the

21

defeated. Central)

Powers -

Now that.

Germany and Austria had been defeated, peace treaties with

them were necessary. Need for re-drawing the map of Europe - The Austrian Empire consisted of many people. They were under Austrian domination before 1919. When Austria

roker upr

the victorious allies felt the need to decide on the boundaries of the new countries in East Europe,

AIMS OF PEACEMAKERS

1. USA

She was represented by President Wilson. wilson was an

idealistic man. He advocated the Fourteen Points (ideals of peace and justice.) Because the USA had contributed greatly to the victory, of the Allies, the other

allied powers ofter践 had to respect

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裝修

2

WAH KIU YAT PO

Wilson's views. one

of Wilson's views was to establish an international

organization to

guarantee peace among countries in the

: sworld. In the endj. the other allied powers supported this idea of Wilson in return for American support for other aspects of the peace settlement.

Britain.

She was represented by Lloyd George. He was a realistic statement. He 'often played the role of a.middle-man. between France and the USA. He wanted to see that. peace was quickly *restored so that

commence would preeper: again. Commence was what Britain had most interest in.

France

She was represented by: Clemenceau, He was intent on making revenge on Germany He aimed at making Germany weals so that in future France T would not be Z

threatened. This often led to disagréement

with Wilson. As has

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been said, Clemenceau. and Lloyd George

supported Wilson's idea of an

四期星

international body for guaranteeing peace i妇 exchange for Wilson's consent to other parts. of the peace

gettlement. That international body was the League of Nations.

VERSILLES TREATY 1919 with Germany:

1 The left bank of the

river Rhine was to be occupied by Allied forces until 1935. Germany agreed not militarily guard the area.forever.

West Prussia was given

to Poland so that Poland had an outlet. to the sea. The outlet. :was called ttre Polish:

Corridor.

3. Danzig, a city în

West Prussia, became.

a free city and was controlled by the. League of Nations. :Germany was held responsible for bringing about the First World War.

Germany.had to pay a large sum of money as compensation to the

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Allies. The sum of

money was called

reparations.

6. Germany lost nearly

all her armed forced

go: ihat in future she could not make any war.

Germany lost all her colonial possessions: overseas.

CONSEQUENCES OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY

EN Geruan people:

were angry and hilter when they knew about

their countryta. T09:0

of territories. ultrepatriotism.

more intense.

The

end, Hitler made use of this strong

emotional power to establish a dictatorship - by: posing as a strong man who could restòr Germany's greatness;

The First World War was brought about by many factors, and each of the great powers shared some responsibilities. But Germany was declared. to be the only

aggressor in 1919.

The hatred. between

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Germany and other

Allied powers

continued, and Chils

in the end led up anther world war in 19392

"The large reparations. made it difficult的出 Germany. to recover. from economic difficulties and establish a sound economic foundation. Thus during the 1929- 30) Great Depression, Germany was badly and seriously hit. Out of the chaotic situation, Hitler could find

unemployed people"t只 Support him,

Germany had always wanted to rearm berself after 191臼。 When Hitler appeared

as a strong leader giving Germany glory and strength, the Gerizin. people were willing to obey him

even though the

country became a dictatorship.

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